scholarly journals The image of absence and the politics of naming in Shona war fiction

Literator ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willie L. Chigidi ◽  
Davie E. Mutasa
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
War Fiction ◽  
War Novels ◽  
Guerrilla War ◽  
Masculine Discourse

During Zimbabwe’s liberation war thousands of young people crossed into neighbouring countries to take up arms to fight and end colonialism. There is sufficient evidence that many of these young people were women. Political rhetoric also maintains that women fought alongside their male counterparts. However, in the Shona literature that depicts Zimbabwe’s guerrilla war there is a glaring absence of female characters who play the roles of guerrilla fighters. This article is an attempt to discuss this absence and to explain why there are very few guerrilla girls in Shona war fiction. The article argues that female guerrillas are not given much space in Shona war novels because the writers of these novels continue the oral folktale tradition in which women are rarely made heroines. It is further argued that in the actual guerrilla war of the 1970s female guerrillas were rarely seen fighting at the war front, that the pioneer guerrillas were men and that the masculine discourse about the war excluded women. Moreover, only men have written Shona war novels.

scholarly journals Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Digital Health Interventions for LGBTIQ+ Young People: Systematic Review

10.2196/20158 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e20158
Author(s):  
Dylan Gilbey ◽  
Helen Morgan ◽  
Ashleigh Lin ◽  
Yael Perry
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Background Young people (aged 12-25 years) with diverse sexuality, gender, or bodily characteristics, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+), are at substantially greater risk of a range of mental, physical, and sexual health difficulties compared with their peers. Digital health interventions have been identified as a potential way to reduce these health disparities. Objective This review aims to summarize the characteristics of existing evidence-based digital health interventions for LGBTIQ+ young people and to describe the evidence for their effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using internet databases and gray literature sources, and the results were screened for inclusion. The included studies were synthesized qualitatively. Results The search identified 38 studies of 24 unique interventions seeking to address mental, physical, or sexual health–related concerns in LGBTIQ+ young people. Substantially more evidence-based interventions existed for gay and bisexual men than for any other population group, and there were more interventions related to risk reduction of sexually transmitted infections than to any other health concern. There was some evidence for the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of these interventions overall; however, the quality of evidence is often lacking. Conclusions There is sufficient evidence to suggest that targeted digital health interventions are an important focus for future research aimed at addressing health difficulties in LGBTIQ+ young people. Additional digital health interventions are needed for a wider range of health difficulties, particularly in terms of mental and physical health concerns, as well as more targeted interventions for same gender–attracted women, trans and gender-diverse people, and people with intersex variations. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020128164; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=128164

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almeda M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Young People ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Not Given ◽  
African American Churches ◽  
American Churches

Fragmented spirituality among African American adolescents has been fostered and shaped in US society and African American churches, amid sometimes inadequate theology and pedagogy. However, the text concludes with the assertions that young African Americans are both in need of a vision of abundant life and capable of integrating spirituality. These young people have not given up on churches or on the importance of spirituality in their lives. However, many still do not know or believe that churches exist that value their voices and their lived realities. Therefore, churches and concerned adults must respond by working with youth to live life abundantly.

The case for greater youth participation in monitoring and evaluation in international development

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-221
Author(s):  
Sophie Purdue ◽  
Heidi Peterson ◽  
Christine Deng
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
International Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Evaluation Community ◽  
Development Outcomes

Youth participation in monitoring and evaluation has been acknowledged as an important vehicle for positively engaging young people in development processes. The growing youth population in low- and middle-income countries necessitates greater investment in and engagement with young people to leverage positive development outcomes. This article aims to illustrate why youth participation in monitoring and evaluation is desirable in international development contexts, establish an alternative conceptual framework for applying youth participation in practice, explore the challenges and caveats that can be barriers to its wider use, and provide evidence of its application. This article draws upon examples from the literature and from the authors’ own experiences conducting youth-led evaluations with Oaktree, Australia’s largest youth-led international development organisation. Importantly, while we believe this article presents sufficient evidence to demand greater youth participation in monitoring and evaluation, it also acknowledges that there is still a lack of empirical evidence and standards of best practice, particularly within international development. Therefore, this article should be viewed as a call to action for the wider international development and evaluation community to work with young people to advance this important work.

A corpus-based investigation into key words and key patterns in post-war fiction

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Siepmann
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
English Language ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Subjective Impression ◽  
War Fiction ◽  
Word Analysis ◽  
War Novels ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Post War

This study is an exploratory investigation into lexico-grammatical items specific to a large corpus of English-language post-war novels, as compared to corpora of conversation, news and academic English. Its overall aim is threefold: first, to show how the subjective impression of ‘literariness’ arising from fictional works is at least partly based on the statistically significant use of highly specific words and lexico-grammatical configurations; second, to attempt a broad classification of key words and patterns; third, to illustrate the fiction-specific patterns formed by three key words. Analysis proceeded in three steps. First, a key word analysis was performed. In the second step, all two-to-five word strings contained in the English corpus were generated. In the third step, multi-word strings, collocations and colligations associated with three English key words (‘thought’, ‘sun’ and ‘jerk’) were analysed. Results indicate that post-war fiction is characterized by the dense use of specific sets of key words and key patterns, such as multi-word strings (must have been), phrase frames (like a + NP, there was a + NP) colligations (PossDet thoughts were on NP), collocations (the strengthening sun) and lexically specific narrative patterns (PossDet thoughts were interrupted when/as + time clause). The patterns in question are shown to be interconnected through a complex web of analogical creations. Implications are discussed for theories of literature, lexicology and translation.

scholarly journals Self-Supporting Card Plot in «The Queen of Spades»

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
O. B. Zaslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Young Queen ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Queen Of Spades ◽  
State Of Affairs

The success of a card secret arises not only due to the knowledge of the cards themselves but also due to an implied treaty between a bearer and receiver of a gift. We reconstruct the conditions of this treaty T1 that describe the transmission of this secret from Saint-Germain to the countess and from her to Chaplitsky. As a result, a receiver of such a gift becomes its potential bearer. Further, not only the knowledge of concrete cards and the conditions of the treaty are transmitted along the chain but also the ability itself to such a transmission (the property of hereditability). Only one conditions of treaty T1 is explicated in the text – this is the prohibition of further gambling. The other conditions are recovered according to the logic of the plot. In doing so, we find a so-called «hidden plot» that ensables us to explain the Chaplitsky’s story and relate it to the motif of receiving a heritage. At the same time, this finding explains why the countess opened her mystery just to Chaplitsky (but not to other young people). This is because both of them found themselves in the situation when a rich relative had a possibility to cover a card debt but denied to do it. The presence of the mechanism in which the card secret is transmitted from one generation to another, makes a card plot self-supporting. When the countess’s ghost opens the secret to Germann, the initial conditions change, so instead of treaty T1 that was in force in the previous cases, now a new treat T2 becomes relevant. We analyze the difference between T1 and T2 and how the violation of T2 leads Germann to the failure. Marriage between Germann and Lizaveta Ivanovna, necessity of which was claimed by the ghost, is important not only for the countess’s ghost itself but also for fantastic forces that sent the ghost to Germann. In case of the marriage, Germann could transmit the card secret to his children and thus continue the card plot. We also suggest an interpretation of a new condition in T2 which was absent from T1 – to stake no more than 1 card per day. This gave possibility for Germann to fulfill the condition about marriage before the end of game. As he ignored this condition (not given explicitly but tacitly assumed), fantastic forces, correspondingly, also ignore theirs. They intruded in the game giving rise to his failure. Replacing the image of a young queen with that of an old woman corresponds to previous actions of Germann himself who preferred to seek for a card secret instead of love of the countess's pupil and did not change this state of affairs. Our reasonings generalize essentially a recent key observation made by V . S. Listov about the motif of inheritance in this Pushkin work.

scholarly journals Search on a Line by Byzantine Robots

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jurek Czyzowicz ◽  
Konstantinos Georgiou ◽  
Evangelos Kranakis ◽  
Danny Krizanc ◽  
Lata Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Parallel Search ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Byzantine Faults ◽  
Infinite Line ◽  
Design Algorithms

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant parallel search on an infinite line by [Formula: see text] robots. Starting from the origin, the robots are required to find a target at an unknown location. The robots can move with maximum speed [Formula: see text] and can communicate wirelessly among themselves. However, among the [Formula: see text] robots, there are [Formula: see text] robots that exhibit byzantine faults. A faulty robot can fail to report the target even after reaching it, or it can make malicious claims about having found the target when in fact it has not. Given the presence of such faulty robots, the search for the target can only be concluded when the non-faulty robots have sufficient evidence that the target has been found. We aim to design algorithms that minimize the value of [Formula: see text], the time to find a target at a (unknown) distance [Formula: see text] from the origin by [Formula: see text] robots among which [Formula: see text] are faulty. We give several different algorithms whose running time depends on the ratio [Formula: see text], the density of faulty robots, and also prove lower bounds. Our algorithms are optimal for some densities of faulty robots.

scholarly journals Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Digital Health Interventions for LGBTIQ+ Young People: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Gilbey ◽  
Helen Morgan ◽  
Ashleigh Lin ◽  
Yael Perry
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Targeted Interventions

BACKGROUND Young people (aged 12-25 years) with diverse sexuality, gender, or bodily characteristics, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+), are at substantially greater risk of a range of mental, physical, and sexual health difficulties compared with their peers. Digital health interventions have been identified as a potential way to reduce these health disparities. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the characteristics of existing evidence-based digital health interventions for LGBTIQ+ young people and to describe the evidence for their effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using internet databases and gray literature sources, and the results were screened for inclusion. The included studies were synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS The search identified 38 studies of 24 unique interventions seeking to address mental, physical, or sexual health–related concerns in LGBTIQ+ young people. Substantially more evidence-based interventions existed for gay and bisexual men than for any other population group, and there were more interventions related to risk reduction of sexually transmitted infections than to any other health concern. There was some evidence for the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of these interventions overall; however, the quality of evidence is often lacking. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient evidence to suggest that targeted digital health interventions are an important focus for future research aimed at addressing health difficulties in LGBTIQ+ young people. Additional digital health interventions are needed for a wider range of health difficulties, particularly in terms of mental and physical health concerns, as well as more targeted interventions for same gender–attracted women, trans and gender-diverse people, and people with intersex variations. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020128164; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=128164

The ‘troubled rebel girl’ and the ‘boy-next-door’: The apparent inversion of gender and love archetypes in 13 Reasons Why, Élite and Sex Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-353
Author(s):  
Maddalena Fedele ◽  
Maria-Jose Masanet
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Beauty And The Beast ◽  
Classic Model ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Gender Archetypes

Teen series play a central role in the socialization process of young people, since they offer portrayals and models that young people can relate to, identify with or modify and break. Previous studies have shown that teen series continue to perpetuate a stereotyped gender representation and usually reproduce a heteronormative relationship model based on the myth of romantic love following the storyline of ‘Beauty and the Beast’. The present study consists of a close reading of three popular current Netflix teen series: 13 Reasons Why (2017–present), Élite (2018–present) and Sex Education (2019–present). The results show an inversion of the gender archetypes of Beauty and the Beast. The three female protagonists are ‘badasses with a good heart’, embodying the typical archetype of the ‘Beast’, while the three male protagonists are patient, caring, innocent and even virginal, embodying the archetype of the ‘Beauty’. However, unlike in the classic model, the boys fail in their attempts to save their beloved from themselves, and the girls end up suffering irreparable consequences. The tragic end of the female characters condemns them to the impossibility of a redemption that has traditionally been granted to males.

scholarly journals MASKULINITAS DAN FEMININITAS DALAM ANIME KIMI NO NA WA KAJIAN RESPON PEMIRSA

KIRYOKU ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Fajria Noviana ◽  
Retno Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
English Department ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Response Method

Masculinity and femininity are never-ending subjects. This research aims at observing young generation’s perception on masculinity and femininity in Japanese animee Kimi no Na wa. In addition this research also brings input on how young generation reacts on masculinity and femininity. By using viewer’s response method, this research is conducted among 15 (fifteen) Japanese Department students and 15 (fifteen) Engish Department students of Universitas Diponegoro.The finding shows that young generation generally view that there is no significant differences between sex and gender role. Meanwhile, in the relation with the movie, responden assert their agreement on the description of masculinity and femininity through the male and female characters, although generally respondents from English Department prefer East masculinity and West femininity. This view can be used as the basic how older people build relation with young people due to differences in age and point of view.

Treating Velopharyngeal Inadequacy Using Bilateral Buccal Flap Revision Palatoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Buccal Flap

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352

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