scholarly journals Acaricide efficiency of amitraz / cypermethrin and abamectin pour-on preparations in game

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Van der Merwe ◽  
F.J. Smit ◽  
A.M. Durand ◽  
L.P. Kruger ◽  
L.M. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Hyalomma Marginatum ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Endemic Areas

The efficacy of an amitraz / cypermethrin pour-on preparation (1 % w/v each) was tested against natural tick infestations of buffaloes, eland and blesbok in three separate trials. The eland were also treated with a 0.02 % abamectin (w/v) acaricidal pour-on preparation. The amitraz / cypermethrin pour-on was effective against Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes on the buffaloes. Both acaricides were effective against R. appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus in the eland. The amitraz / cypermethrin acaricide was effective against R. (Boophilus) decoloratus in the blesbok. Ticks can cause damage to the skins, secondary infections, abscesses, anaemia, loss of condition, tick toxicosis and act as vectors of infectious diseases. Introduction of hosts and / or ticks from endemic to non-endemic areas because of translocation of game, may lead to severe losses. The pouron acaricides tested were effective against natural tick infestations and should always be used according to the manufacturer's instructions and efficacy claims.

scholarly journals Acaricide efficiency of amitraz / cypermethrin and abamectin pour-on preparations in game

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Van der Merwe ◽  
F.J. Smit ◽  
A.M. Durand ◽  
L.P. Kruger ◽  
L.M. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Hyalomma Marginatum ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Endemic Areas

The efficacy of an amitraz / cypermethrin pour-on preparation (1 % w/v each) was tested against natural tick infestations of buffaloes, eland and blesbok in three separate trials. The eland were also treated with a 0.02 % abamectin (w/v) acaricidal pour-on preparation. The amitraz / cypermethrin pour-on was effective against Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes on the buffaloes. Both acaricides were effective against R. appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus in the eland. The amitraz / cypermethrin acaricide was effective against R. (Boophilus) decoloratus in the blesbok. Ticks can cause damage to the skins, secondary infections, abscesses, anaemia, loss of condition, tick toxicosis and act as vectors of infectious diseases. Introduction of hosts and / or ticks from endemic to non-endemic areas because of translocation of game, may lead to severe losses. The pouron acaricides tested were effective against natural tick infestations and should always be used according to the manufacturer's instructions and efficacy claims.

scholarly journals Ticks associated with the three largest wild ruminant species in Southern Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Horak ◽  
H. Golezardy ◽  
A.C. Uys
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Ixodes Rubicundus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Host Status

The objective of this study was to assess the host status of the three largest southern African wild ruminants, namely giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis, African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, and eland, Taurotragus oryx for ixodid ticks. To this end recently acquired unpublished data are added here to already published findings on the tick burdens of these animals, and the total numbers and species of ticks recorded on 12 giraffes, 18 buffaloes and 36 eland are summarized and discussed. Twenty-eight ixodid tick species were recovered. All stages of development of ten species, namely Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Haemaphysalis silacea, Ixodes pilosus group, Margaropus winthemi, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum, Rhipicephalus maculates and Rhipicephalus muehlensi were collected. The adults of 13 species, of which the immature stages use small mammals as hosts, namely Haemaphysalis aciculifer, Hyalomma glabrum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes rubicundus, Rhipicephalus capensis, Rhipicephalus exophthalmos, Rhipicephalus follis, Rhipicephalus gertrudae, Rhipicephalus lounsburyi, Rhipicephalus lunulatus, Rhipicephalus pravus group and Rhipicephalus simus, were also collected.

scholarly journals Ticks on crested francolins, Francolinus sephaena, and on the vegetation on a farm in Limpopo Province, South Africa : research communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Uys ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi

Ticks were collected at approximately bi-monthly intervals between June 1996 and June 1997 from crested francolins, Francolinus sephaena, and from the vegetation on a mixed cattle and wildlife farm in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The birds were infested with the immature stages of 13 tick species, of which Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma marmoreum and Hyalomma marginatumrufipes were the most numerous and prevalent. Ten ixodid tick species were collected from the vegetation, of which the immature stages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were the most numerous. No adult ticks were collected from the birds and only two from the vegetation. The restricted home range of crested francolins implies that they could serve as a source of tick infestation only for other animals within the same habitat as the birds.

scholarly journals Species composition and geographic distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in a temperate and in a subtropical region of south-east Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Horak ◽  
N. Nyangiwe ◽  
C. De Matos ◽  
L. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Haemaphysalis Elliptica ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi

The species and distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in the eastern region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and Maputo Province, Mozambique were determined from collections made from these animals at 72 localities in the former region and 30 in the latter. Eleven ixodid and one argasid species were recovered in the Eastern Cape Province and 15 ixodid species in Maputo Province. The most common ticks infesting cattle and goats in both provinces were Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. The dominant species on dogs were Haemaphysalis elliptica and Rhipicephalus simus. The geographic distributions of the major species and some of the minor species in both regions were plotted. The partial or complete displacement of the indigenous tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus by the introduced species R. (B.) microplus was a major feature of both surveys.

scholarly journals The comparative prevalence of five ixodid tick species infesting cattle and goats in Maputo Province, Mozambique

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Matos ◽  
C. Sitoe ◽  
L. Neves ◽  
J.O. Nothling ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi

This study compares the prevalence of ixodid tick species on cattle and goats in Maputo Province. Adult ticks as well as the nymphs of three species, and only the adults of two species were collected from sets of five cattle at 21 localities throughout the province and compared with those collected from similar sets of goats at the same places. Amblyomma hebraeum adults and / or nymphs were present on cattle and on goats at all 21 localities, and 90 cattle and 22 goats were infested with adult ticks. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus adults and / or nymphs were collected from cattle at 20 and from goats at 15 localities, and 92 cattle and 34 goats were infested [Chi-square test (×2), P < 0.001]. The total length of several maturing female R. (Boophilus) microplus collected from cattle and goats exceeded 5 mm, indicating that they successfully engorge on both host species. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults and / or nymphs were present on cattle at 15 and on goats at 13 localities, but 28 cattle and only one goat were infested with adult ticks (×2, P < 0.001). Adult Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were recovered from cattle at 20 and from goats at 17 localities, and 74 cattle and 69 goats were infested. Adult Rhipicephalus simus were collected from cattle at 18 and from goats at 11 localities (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.04), and 60 cattle and 14 goats were infested (×2, P < 0.001). These findings underscore the advisability of including goats in acaricide application programmes designed for the control of tick-borne diseases in cattle at the same locality.

Seasonal abundance of ticks associated with indigenous goats on a northern Transvaal farm

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rechav ◽  
C. De Jager
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Indigenous Goats ◽  
Ecological Importance

The 3 most abundant tick species on indigenous goats on a northern Transvaal farm were found to be Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma hebraeum. Three other tick species were present in small numbers. The economical and ecological importance of the ticks found on the goats, mainly in rural areas where chemical control of ticks is practically non-existant, is discussed. The high number of goats in the study area and the shift towards alternative methods of tick control, such as the use of resistant hosts, are important factors in the livestock industry of southern Africa.

scholarly journals Tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in selected cattle herds of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Ndhlovu ◽  
P.V. Makaya ◽  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Cattle Herds

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in 286 lactating cows and heifers at six properties in the smallholder and commercial sectors in Gwanda district of Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Eight tick species were identified: Amblyomma hebraeum, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Rhipicephalus simus. Overall, 81.5 % of the cattle were tick infested; prevalence of tick-infested cattle was significantly higher on communal land (93.8 %) and recently claimed land (85.1 %) than on commercial farms. The mean tick load on infested cattle on communal land was significantly higher than in the other two sectors. Although 53 % of the sampled cattle had some degree of udder and teat damage, very few farmers (2.6 %) treated their cattle for these conditions. Udder damage was ca. two times and three times, respectively, more likely to occur in cattle on communal land compared to cattle on recently claimed land and commercial farms. The occurrence of R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis indicate that the cattle population in the study area is at high risk of a theileriosis outbreak, a tick-borne disease that has not been reported from this area.

scholarly journals The use of a pour-on and spray dip containing Amitraz to control ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) on cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Peter ◽  
C. De Bruin ◽  
D. Odendaal ◽  
P.N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi

Knockdown and persistence efficacies of a pour-on containing Amitraz 1 % and Cypermethrin 1 % and a spray dip containing 12.5 % Amitraz were compared. Knock-down and persistence efficacies of the Amitraz spray dip against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and Amblyomma hebraeum were significantly higher for the duration of the trial than those of the pour-on. In the case of Rhipicephalus appediculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, efficacy was significantly higher on Days 2 and 5. Resistance testing prior to the start of the trial indicated that R. (B.) decoloratus was resistant to both Cypermethrin and Amitraz, yet in the case of the spray dip excellent efficacy results were obtained. It is thought that the cattle's scruffy winter coat may have hindered the spread of the pour-on, but that the thorough wetting and especially the higher concentration of active ingredient applied via the spray dip allowed this formulation to be effective. These results show that under certain conditions a spray dip containing 12.5 % Amitraz may be more effective than a pour-on containing 1 % Amitraz and 1 % Cypermethrin, despite apparent in vitro resistance.

scholarly journals Preliminary survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Salih ◽  
I.I. Julla ◽  
S.M. Hassan ◽  
A.M. El Hussein ◽  
F. Jongejan
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Southern Sudan ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Group ◽  
Zebu Breed

In a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan was determined. Three locations were selected (Gumbo, Khor Rumla and Nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. Two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. Total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (Nilotic Zebu breed) kept in six different herds. Four tick genera and ten species were identified. The tick species identified were Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus praetextatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus group. The highest number of ticks was collected in October during the rainy season. A finding of great significance was that R. appendiculatus, vector of East Coast fever, has now firmly established itself throughout the year with possible implications for cattle production in Central Equatoria State.

scholarly journals Ixodid ticks on cattle belonging to small-scale farmers at 4 communal grazing areas in South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Bryson ◽  
G.A. Tice ◽  
I.G. Horak ◽  
C.G. Stewart ◽  
B.J.A. Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Ixodid ticks were collected during the period September 1991 to August 1993 from cattle belonging to small-scale farmers utilising 4 communal grazing areas. Three of these were in North West Province and 1 in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Ten tick species were collected in North West Province and 7 in Mpumalanga. The adults of Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were most numerous in North West Province, while in Mpumalanga Boophilus decoloratus comprised more than 75% of the total population. Amblyomma hebraeum was present on all grazing areas, and heavy infestations of adults occurred during the period October to May on 1 of these. Few B. decoloratus were collected in North West Province, chiefly because the sampling method was inadequate, and most of these were present during early summer (October to December) and late summer and autumn (March to May). The initially low population of B. decoloratus in Mpumalanga increased substantially towards the conclusion of the survey, probably because of the cessation of dipping. Boophilus microplus was present in small numbers on 2 grazing areas in the North West Province. Adult Hyalomma marginatum rufipes reached peak numbers from December to February and Hyalomma truncatum from February to April in the North West Province. Only H. marginatum rufipes was collected in Mpumalanga. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was present on all the grazing areas, with most adults present from December to April. Most adult Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were collected from September to April and Rhipicephalus simus was present during the period October-April.

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