scholarly journals Tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in selected cattle herds of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Ndhlovu ◽  
P.V. Makaya ◽  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Cattle Herds

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in 286 lactating cows and heifers at six properties in the smallholder and commercial sectors in Gwanda district of Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Eight tick species were identified: Amblyomma hebraeum, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Rhipicephalus simus. Overall, 81.5 % of the cattle were tick infested; prevalence of tick-infested cattle was significantly higher on communal land (93.8 %) and recently claimed land (85.1 %) than on commercial farms. The mean tick load on infested cattle on communal land was significantly higher than in the other two sectors. Although 53 % of the sampled cattle had some degree of udder and teat damage, very few farmers (2.6 %) treated their cattle for these conditions. Udder damage was ca. two times and three times, respectively, more likely to occur in cattle on communal land compared to cattle on recently claimed land and commercial farms. The occurrence of R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis indicate that the cattle population in the study area is at high risk of a theileriosis outbreak, a tick-borne disease that has not been reported from this area.

scholarly journals Distribution and population dynamics of ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) infesting sheep in Sennar State, Sudan

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammed ◽  
S.M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Total Body ◽  
One Year

A cross-sectional survey of ticks infesting sheep was conducted in Sennar State, Sudan. A total body collection of ticks was carried out at five localities Sennar town, Singa, Dinder, Abu Naama and Um Banein on two types of Desert sheep (Watish and Ashgar) on two farms at each locality at two monthly intervals for one year starting July 2002 to May 2003. Four tick genera and eight species were identified. They were Amblyomma lepidum, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus camicasi, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus guilhoni and Rhipicephalus muhsamae. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonal pattern of activity was observed for A. lepidum and R. guilhoni with peak activity occurring during rainy seasons. The highest mean number of ticks (7.26 + 0.58) was recorded at Abu Naama, while the lowest mean (3.61 + 0.31) was recorded in Sennar. Watish type sheep carried significantly (P < 0.05) more ticks than Ashgar type.

scholarly journals Ticks on crested francolins, Francolinus sephaena, and on the vegetation on a farm in Limpopo Province, South Africa : research communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Uys ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi

Ticks were collected at approximately bi-monthly intervals between June 1996 and June 1997 from crested francolins, Francolinus sephaena, and from the vegetation on a mixed cattle and wildlife farm in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The birds were infested with the immature stages of 13 tick species, of which Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma marmoreum and Hyalomma marginatumrufipes were the most numerous and prevalent. Ten ixodid tick species were collected from the vegetation, of which the immature stages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were the most numerous. No adult ticks were collected from the birds and only two from the vegetation. The restricted home range of crested francolins implies that they could serve as a source of tick infestation only for other animals within the same habitat as the birds.

scholarly journals Preliminary survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Salih ◽  
I.I. Julla ◽  
S.M. Hassan ◽  
A.M. El Hussein ◽  
F. Jongejan
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Southern Sudan ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Group ◽  
Zebu Breed

In a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan was determined. Three locations were selected (Gumbo, Khor Rumla and Nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. Two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. Total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (Nilotic Zebu breed) kept in six different herds. Four tick genera and ten species were identified. The tick species identified were Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus praetextatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus group. The highest number of ticks was collected in October during the rainy season. A finding of great significance was that R. appendiculatus, vector of East Coast fever, has now firmly established itself throughout the year with possible implications for cattle production in Central Equatoria State.

scholarly journals Ixodid ticks infesting domestic goats in communal land areas of Zimbabwe

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hove ◽  
R. Mukandi ◽  
M. Bere ◽  
I.G. Horak ◽  
A.A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Hyalomma Rufipes

The purpose of this study was to determine the species spectrum of ticks infesting goats owned by resource-limited farmers in the state-owned communal land areas of Zimbabwe. Ticks were collected from goats at a single locality within each of 5 communal land areas, and a total of 14 ixodid tick species was recovered. The most numerous tick was Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, which was present in all areas at each sampling, and a Rhipicephalus sp. (near R. punctatus), which was most abundant on goats in the central regions of Zimbabwe during the March rainy season. Amblyomma hebraeum was present on goats in all areas sampled. In the eastern central region its distribution overlapped that of Amblyomma variegatum, while in the northwest it overlapped those of both Amblyomma marmoreum and A. variegatum. Hyalomma truncatum was present at all localities, whereas only a single Hyalomma rufipes was recovered. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was collected from goats in the moist, slightly cooler regions, while the few Rhipicephalus zambeziensis recovered were present in the hotter, drier regions. Species recorded in lower numbers were Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus lunulatus, Rhipicephalus simus, Rhipicephalus tricuspis and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Attachment in the inter-digital space of adult A. hebreaum and H. truncatum was sometimes associated with lameness.

scholarly journals Ticks associated with the three largest wild ruminant species in Southern Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Horak ◽  
H. Golezardy ◽  
A.C. Uys
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Ixodes Rubicundus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Host Status

The objective of this study was to assess the host status of the three largest southern African wild ruminants, namely giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis, African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, and eland, Taurotragus oryx for ixodid ticks. To this end recently acquired unpublished data are added here to already published findings on the tick burdens of these animals, and the total numbers and species of ticks recorded on 12 giraffes, 18 buffaloes and 36 eland are summarized and discussed. Twenty-eight ixodid tick species were recovered. All stages of development of ten species, namely Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Haemaphysalis silacea, Ixodes pilosus group, Margaropus winthemi, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum, Rhipicephalus maculates and Rhipicephalus muehlensi were collected. The adults of 13 species, of which the immature stages use small mammals as hosts, namely Haemaphysalis aciculifer, Hyalomma glabrum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes rubicundus, Rhipicephalus capensis, Rhipicephalus exophthalmos, Rhipicephalus follis, Rhipicephalus gertrudae, Rhipicephalus lounsburyi, Rhipicephalus lunulatus, Rhipicephalus pravus group and Rhipicephalus simus, were also collected.

scholarly journals Séroprévalence de divers orbivirus chez les animaux domestiques en Algérie

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Hafsa Madani ◽  
Jordi Casal
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herd Prevalence ◽  
Animaux Domestiques ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of bluetongue (BT), African horse sickness (AHS) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) in Algeria and the possible pres­ence of new virus serotypes. A cross-sectional survey was con­ducted between August and September 2008. The epidemiologi­cal unit was the herd. Analyses were carried out for detection of BT and EHD in cattle herds, BT in sheep, camels and goats, and AHS in donkeys. All the animals were between six and twelve months of age in order to avoid detection of antibodies due to previous outbreaks. Random sampling was performed supposing a herd prevalence of 2% and a within-herd prevalence of 30%. According to these hypotheses, eight animals per herd in 145 herds were sampled, for a total sample size of 1168 animals.  Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for BT virus and AHS virus antibody detection, whereas EHD virus antibodies were detected with reagents prepared by the Institute for Animal Health. Out of 1423 sampled animals, 372 (26.1%) had antibodies against BT virus. Positive animals were present in all the regions, except in one. The prevalence in cattle, sheep, goats and camels was 30, 14, 47 and 22%, respectively. A more accurate analysis was being carried out at time of writing to determine possible factors that can be related to these different prevalences. Out of 849 cattle, 66 (7.8%) presented antibodies against EHD virus. Positive animals were detected in 12 of the 20 regions sampled. For AHS, all of the 195 analyzed donkeys were found positive.

scholarly journals The prevalence of serum antibodies to Ehrlichia ruminantium infection in ranch cattle in Tanzania : a cross-sectional study

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Swai ◽  
P.F. Mtui ◽  
A.K. Chang'a ◽  
G.E. Machange
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ehrlichia Ruminantium ◽  
Increased Risk

Serum samples collected in a cross-sectional survey of grazing cattle on Manyara Ranch, Monduli district, Tanzania, were tested by indirect major antigenic protein 1 fragment B (MAP 1-B) ELISA to determine the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia ruminantium and to assess ranch-level risk factors for heartwater. Heartwater-exposed cattle were widespread on the ranch and overall seroprevalence was 50.3 % (95% CI, 44.9 -55.6), enough to indicate an endemically unstable situation. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. Two factors appeared to increase the herd's risk for contracting heartwater. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age (β= 0.19 per year of age, P < 0.001) and animals carrying ticks of any species were associated with an increased risk of infection with E. ruminantium (Odds ratio, OR = 3.3, P < 0.001). The force of infection based on the age seroprevalence profile was estimated at 18 per 100 cattle year-risk. The current tick control measures on the ranch were associated with a decreased risk of infection with E.ruminantium (OR=0.25 for no dipping and OR=0.31 for low dipping, P < 0.001). Six tick species were identified; in order of frequency these were: Ambylomma variegatum 59.9 %, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi 13.9 %, Rhipicephalus pulchellus 12.5 %, Hyalomma truncatum 7.03 % and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 6.07 %. The least encountered tick was Rhipicephalus simus, which accounted for 0.38 %. The cattle seemed well adapted to their environment and capable of resisting the tick burden under this extensive wildlife / livestock grazing and interaction system.

scholarly journals Some observations on ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) infesting sheep in River Nile Province of Northern Sudan

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Ahmed ◽  
A.M. El Hussein ◽  
A.O. El Khider
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tick Load

Five species of ixodid ticks were found in a cross-sectional survey in which 200 sheep were examined for ticks in River Nile Province, Sudan. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was the predominant species (73.6 %), whereas ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (14.7 %), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (9.1 %), Rhipicephalus simus (2 %) and Hyalomma dromedarii (0.5 %) were also found. The mean tick load was 11.2 per animal. In a subsequent longitudinal survey ticks were collected on a monthly basis from eight sentinel sheep that were introduced into the area. It was found that H. a. anatolicum almost disappeared during the hot period between April and August, whereas it's highest numbers were present in winter between November and February. It is concluded that there is only one generation of H. a. anatolicum per year, which may explain the yearround appearance of clinical cases of malignant ovine theileriosis indicating endemic instability of this disease in River Nile Province.

Ecological studies of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zambia. III. Seasonal activity and attachment sites on cattle, with notes on other hosts

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MacLeod ◽  
M. H. Colbo ◽  
M. H. Madbouly ◽  
B. Mwanaumo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Activity Season

AbstractThe seasonal activity of the adults of 13 tick species was studied on cattle herds in the Central Province of Zambia from 1969 to 1972. The six main species, Boophilus decoloratus (Koch), Hyalomma marginatum rufipes Koch, H. truncatum Koch, Amblyomma variegatum (F.), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum., and R. evertsi Neum. behaved as previously described for the Southern Province. R. compositus Neum. appeared from August, with peak numbers in September–October. R. simus Koch and R. tricuspis Dön. appeared from October, for seven months and three months respectively. R. supertritus Neum. and Ixodes cavipalpus Nutt. & Warb. had a brief activity season from November to January, and R. pravus gp. and R. sanguineus gp. were active from December to July. The distribution of ticks over the body of cattle was determined by fractionised collections, which gave reliable quantitative information for nine of the species. A limited number of collections from sheep, goats and dogs are analysed in relation to season. Collections from 127 wild animals, mainly along the escarpment and riverine bush of the Zambesi, are recorded.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Survey on Parasites of Chickens in Selected Villages in the Subhumid Zones of South-Eastern Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Nnadi ◽  
S. O. George
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Village Chicken ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Enugu State

A study was carried out to identify and estimate the prevalence of ecto- and endoparasites of village chicken between April and July 2008 in three local councils of Enugu state, Nigeria. A total of 1038 chickens comprising of 468 chicks, 207 growers and 363 adults were examined during the house to house survey for ectoparasites, gastrointestinal helminths and coccidia infections. Our finding showed that 41% were infected with ectoparasites with lice, fleas, and mites having prevalence rates of 62.2%, 35.7% and 2.1%, respectively. Helminths and coccidia had prevalence of 35.5% each. Among the helminthsAscaridia, galliwas the most dominant species (17.2%). Generally, there was a significantly higher helminth infestation relative to the ectoparasites (), high prevalence of mixed infections and absence of tick infestation. Parasitism could be big constraint to production in the study area and we recommend a sustainable control strategy.

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