scholarly journals Demographics and consumer ethnocentrism in a developing context: A South African study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris D Pentz ◽  
Nic S Terblanche ◽  
Christo Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Developing Markets ◽  
The Relationship

The continued growth in international trade results in the fact that consumers in many countries are exposed to increasing amounts of product offerings from various countries of origin. As the origin of products might have an influence on consumer behavior, many marketers realize that extended knowledge on consumer behavior toward both domestic and imported products can be useful in the formulation of more effective marketing strategies.  Past research in the field of international marketing suggest that the concept of consumer ethnocentrism can be an influencing factor in the decision of consumers to purchase locally-produced rather than imported products. While the concept of consumer ethnocentrism has been actively researched in a number of contexts and countries, research on this phenomenon has been limited in developing countries. The present study aims to add to the existing body of knowledge on consumer ethnocentrism in developing markets by investigating the possible relationships between consumer ethnocentrism and a number of demographic variables in South Africa. A unique contribution of this study is that the investigation focused on two different samples in terms of race, namely on a sample of “white” respondents and a sample of “black” respondents to account for the ethnic diversity in South Africa.  The results of the study revealed that for both groups of respondents there was a positive relationship between age and consumer ethnocentrism, while a negative relationship was found for both groups in terms of the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and income.  In terms of the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and gender, the results differed between the two groups of respondents.  The findings can be used rewardingly by marketers wishing to operate more successfully in developing markets, such as South Africa.

scholarly journals Effects of the Imposter Phenomenon on Measures of Assertiveness in Female Professionals in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Lyapa Nakazwe-Masiya ◽  
Gavin Price ◽  
Karl Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
Imposter Phenomenon ◽  
Internal Experience ◽  
Female Professionals ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
The Relationship

Assertiveness is arguably one of the strongest predictors of success among business leaders and professionals. The study focuses on imposter phenomenon (IP), which occurs when an individual, normally considered to be a high achiever, undergoes an internal experience of feeling like an intellectual fraud or experiences a fear of failure upon achieving success, and the relationship of IP with assertiveness. Due to an absence of research on the relationship between IP and assertiveness, particularly in professionals in South Africa, this study investigates the way these two variables relate to each other. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate whether IP is prevalent in female professionals in South Africa, 2) investigate whether IP and assertiveness are correlated and 3) determine whether IP is a predictor of assertiveness. The study was conducted on working professionals in South Africa (N = 165) and questionnaires were distributed online. The instruments used were the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Survey and elements of the Adaptive and Aggressive Assertiveness Scales. The professionals assessed were drawn from different industry sectors and across all job functions. The results suggest that IP is prevalent in professionals in South Africa and bears a moderately negative relationship to assertiveness. Another finding was that IP is a negative predictor of assertiveness. Gender also had an effect on the relationship between the two variables; the relationship was only found to be significant among women when the sample was split.

Side Effects of Multiculturalism

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Kauff ◽  
Frank Asbrock ◽  
Stefan Thörner ◽  
Ulrich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
The Relationship

We studied the influence of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) on the relationship between a multicultural ideology and attitudes about ethnic diversity and immigrants. We hypothesized that a multicultural ideology poses a threat to authoritarian individuals, which leads to a decrease in positive diversity beliefs and an increase in prejudice toward immigrants. On the basis of representative survey-data from 23 European countries, we showed that the negative relationship between RWA and positive diversity beliefs was stronger the more a country engages in multiculturalism (Study 1). In addition, in two experiments we demonstrated that RWA moderated the relationship between a video promoting multiculturalism (Study 2) or a picture showing a multicultural group (Study 3) and attitudes toward immigrants and diversity. As expected, for high-RWAs, both stimuli led to an increase in prejudice. In Study 3, perceived threat mediated the relationship between a multicultural norm and prejudice for people high in RWA.

scholarly journals Pragmatic impact of workplace ostracism: toward a theoretical model

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Ali Al-Atwi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the ostracism literature by exploring the pragmatic impact of ostracism on performance. Design/methodology/approach Ostracism workplace, social relations and empowerment structures are discussed. The paper then develops a theoretical framework that explains why and under what conditions workplace ostracism undermines employees’ performance. The author proposes that empowerment structures mediate the link between ostracism and in-role and extra-role performance. In addition, it was proposed that relational links buffer the negative relationship between ostracism and empowerment structures on performance and weaken the negative indirect effect of ostracism on performance. Findings The theoretical arguments provide support for the model showing that empowerment structures mediate the relationship between ostracism and performance, and the mediation effect only occurred when external links were high but not when external links were low. Originality/value The author has expanded the extant literature by answering recent calls for research exploring the pragmatic impact of workplace ostracism where past research has typically focused solely on the psychological impacts such as psychological needs.

scholarly journals Ethnic Diversity and Social Trust: A Narrative and Meta-Analytical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thisted Dinesen ◽  
Merlin Schaeffer ◽  
Kim Mannemar Sønderskov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Relationship

Does ethnic diversity erode social trust? Continued immigration and corresponding growing ethnic diversity have prompted this essential question for modern societies, but few clear answers have been reached in the sprawling literature. This article reviews the literature on the relationship between ethnic diversity and social trust through a narrative review and a meta-analysis of 1,001 estimates from 87 studies. The review clarifies the core concepts, highlights pertinent debates, and tests core claims from the literature on the relationship between ethnic diversity and social trust. Several results stand out from the meta-analysis. We find a statistically significant negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social trust across all studies. The relationship is stronger for trust in neighbors and when ethnic diversity is measured more locally. Covariate conditioning generally changes the relationship only slightly. The review concludes by discussing avenues for future research.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Consumer Credit Card Debt and Immigrants in the UK: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-114
Author(s):  
Paul Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Credit Card Debt ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This paper systematically reviews a reappraisal of the relationship between consumer behavior and credit card debt. Methodology: A thorough search was performed using scholarly databases including EBSCOHost, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, JStor, ProQuest, and Taylor & Francis. After a vigorously screening process, a total of 77 articles were accepted with the majority (96%) of articles published after 2012. Several consumer behavior factors were considered such as social factors, psychological factors, impulse buying, compulsive buying, optimism and pessimism, risk-seeking, mental health, age, income, education, immigrants, religion and financial literacy. Findings: Overall, influential factors that contribute to credit debt can be attributed to redlining and predatory lending by financial institutions. Racial inequalities have been shown to play a significant role in credit debt, especially in the UK. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: A major knowledge gap concerning immigrants exists and further provide insight on the role played by an individual’s ethnic group in the rate of home equity decline as well as the overall net wealth of a household, ultimately affecting their credit debt. It would be useful for policy-makers to examine the biased placed on credit debt and social-economic backgrounds.

scholarly journals Capital structure and profitability. A case of JSE Listed Companies

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Faith Mashavave ◽  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Johannesburg Stock Exchange ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Relationship

The research aims to find out the relationship between capital structure and profitability focusing on firms listed on the Johannesburg stock exchange in South Africa. Past research on this topic excluded the Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed firms. The research results will be useful to the business people in South Africa because it will be more in line with the South African economic status and thus relevant. From the graphs and tables of the companies analyzed, it appears there is no relationship between the capital structure and profitability. The fluctuations in the debt/equity ratio and profitability ratio are so severe to such an extent that no meaningful conclusion regarding the relationship between capital structure and profitability can be made. The outcomes are haphazard there is no uniformity and consistence on the outcomes. Other hindrances to the relationship between capital structure and profitability were also discovered and these were attributed to the environmental factors of the company such as economic, political, and social and all other external forces that companies under study were exposed to.

scholarly journals Brief report: Does autistic community connectedness moderate the relationship between masking and wellbeing?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilidh Cage ◽  
Rebekah Cranney ◽  
Monique Botha
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Community Connectedness ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Autistic Community

Background: Masking or camouflaging involves blending in or covering a stigmatised identity, to avoid discrimination and ‘pass’ within society. Autistic people often report masking, both intentionally and unintentionally, to get by in social situations. Autistic people who report high rates of masking also tend to experience poorer mental health. It is important we understand whether there are variables which can protect against the negative effects of masking. One such potential variable is autistic community connectedness – being part of and belonging to the autistic community. Past research suggests autistic people benefit from being socially connected to other autistic people. We investigated whether autistic community connectedness could moderate the relationship between masking and wellbeing.Methods: One hundred and ninety-six autistic people completed an online survey including measures of autistic community connectedness, camouflaging autistic traits and mental wellbeing. We used moderation regression analysis to test whether autistic community connectedness acted as a buffer between masking and wellbeing.Results: Higher self-reported masking related to poorer mental wellbeing. Higher autistic community connectedness related to more positive wellbeing. Higher autistic community connectedness correlated with more masking. However, there was no interaction effect, and autistic community connectedness did not moderate the relationship between masking and wellbeing. Conclusions: Although autistic community connectedness did relate to more positive mental wellbeing overall, it did not moderate the negative relationship between masking and wellbeing. If masking relates to the prejudice faced by autistic people, those with greater attachment to the autistic community may also be more aware of discrimination against their community. Further, autistic people who are more connected might experience a higher salience of masking when moving between autistic and non-autistic settings. Tackling prejudice towards autistic people is critical in helping to protect autistic people against masking, and we must endeavour to change perceptions and increase inclusion of autistic people.

Ethnic Diversity and Social Trust

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thisted Dinesen ◽  
Kim Mannemar Sønderskov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Due to its wide-ranging implications for social cohesion in diversifying Western countries, the question of the potential negative consequences of ethnic diversity for social trust is arguably the most contentious question in the literature on social trust. In this chapter we critically review the empirical evidence for a negative relationship between contextual ethnic diversity (measured locally within countries) and social trust. We cautiously conclude that there are indications of a negative relationship, although with important variations across study characteristics including national setting, context unit analyzed, and conditioning on moderating influences. Building on the review, we highlight a number of paths for theoretical and methodological advances, which we argue would advance the literature on the relationship between ethnic diversity and social trust.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

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