scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus-2 infections in pregnant women from Durban, South Africa: prevalence, risk factors and co-infection with HIV-1

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathlee S. Abbai ◽  
Shanthie Govender ◽  
Makandwe Nyirenda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 ◽  
Hiv 1

Currently there is a lack of data on herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) co-infections as well as risk factors for infection in antenatal women from South Africa. The present study attempts to fill this gap. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2017 at the antenatal clinic of the King Edward VIII hospital in Durban, South Africa. In total 248 pregnant women participated in the study. Data on the women’s demographics, sexual behaviour and clinical information were collected. HIV testing was conducted using a rapid test and the HerpeSelect 2 ELISA was used to test for HSV-2. The prevalence of HSV-2 and HIV-1 was 71% and 50% and coinfection rate was 60%. In adjusted analyses, women who were aged ≥ 35 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.95, p = 0.01), experienced recent symptoms of genital itching/sores/warts (AOR 2.48, p = 0.05) and were HIV-positive (AOR 3.64, p0.01), were more likely to be infected with HSV-2.Older age (30–34 years old) (AOR 6.53, p 0.01) and having ≥ 4 lifetime sex partners (AOR 4.59, p = 0.03) were strongly associated with HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infections. The findings of this study call for continuous risk reduction counselling in this population.

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus-2 infections in pregnant women from South Africa: Evaluation of the ImmunoFLOW rapid test

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthie Govender ◽  
Lungile Mbambo ◽  
Makandwe Nyirenda ◽  
Motshedisi Sebitloane ◽  
Nathlee Abbai
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 2

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men

AIDS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1667-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Butler ◽  
Davey M Smith ◽  
Edward R Cachay ◽  
George K Hightower ◽  
Charles Thomas Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Inhibits HIV-1 Infection in a pH-Dependent Manner

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Dantas ◽  
Fernando Erra Díaz ◽  
Pehuén Pereyra Gerber ◽  
Augusto Varese ◽  
Diana Alicia Jerusalinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTHistidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein with a multidomain structure, allowing its interaction with many ligands, including phospholipids, plasminogen, fibrinogen, IgG antibodies, and heparan sulfate. HRG has been shown to regulate different biological responses, such as angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Here, we found that HRG almost completely abrogated the infection of Ghost cells, Jurkat cells, CD4+T cells, and macrophages by HIV-1 at a low pH (range, 6.5 to 5.5) but not at a neutral pH. HRG was shown to interact with the heparan sulfate expressed by target cells, inhibiting an early postbinding step associated with HIV-1 infection. More importantly, by acting on the viral particle itself, HRG induced a deleterious effect, which reduces viral infectivity. Because cervicovaginal secretions in healthy women show low pH values, even after semen deposition, our observations suggest that HRG might represent a constitutive defense mechanism in the vaginal mucosa. Of note, low pH also enabled HRG to inhibit the infection of HEp-2 cells and Vero cells by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), respectively, suggesting that HRG might display broad antiviral activity under acidic conditions.IMPORTANCEVaginal intercourse represents a high-risk route for HIV-1 transmission. The efficiency of male-to-female HIV-1 transmission has been estimated to be 1 in every 1,000 episodes of sexual intercourse, reflecting the high degree of protection conferred by the genital mucosa. However, the contribution of different host factors to the protection against HIV-1 at mucosal surfaces remains poorly defined. Here, we report for the first time that acidic values of pH enable the plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) to strongly inhibit HIV-1 infection. Because cervicovaginal secretions usually show low pH values, our observations suggest that HRG might represent a constitutive antiviral mechanism in the vaginal mucosa. Interestingly, infection by other viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus 2, was also markedly inhibited by HRG at low pH values, suggesting that extracellular acidosis enables HRG to display broad antiviral activity.

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