scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of neuropsychological tests for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in a sample of residential elderly in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvira Ramlall ◽  
Jennifer Chipps ◽  
Ahmed I Bhigjee ◽  
Basil J Pillay
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Healthy Elderly

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Neuropsychological tests can successfully distinguish between healthy elderly persons and those with clinically significant cognitive impairment. </p><p><strong>Objectives. </strong>A battery of neuropsychological tests was evaluated for their discrimination validity of cognitive impairment in a group of elderly persons in Durban, South Africa. </p><p><strong>Method. </strong>A sample of 117 English-speaking participants of different race groups (9 with dementia, 30 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 78 controls) from a group of residential homes for the elderly was administered a battery of 11 neuropsychological tests. Kruskal-Wallis independent sample tests were used to compare performance of tests in the groups. Sensitivity and specificity of the tests for dementia and MCI were determined using random operating curve (ROC) analysis. </p><p><strong>Results. </strong>Most tests were able to discriminate between participants with dementia or MCI, and controls (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) values for dementia v. non-dementia participants ranged from 0.519 for the digit span (forward) to 0.828 for the digit symbol (90 s), with 14 of the 29 test scores achieving significance (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). AUC values for MCI participants ranged from 0.754 for controlled oral word association test (COWAT) Animal to 0.507 for the Rey complex figure test copy, with 17 of the 29 scores achieving significance (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). </p><p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Several measures from the neuropsychological battery had discrimination validity for the differential diagnosis of cognitive disturbances in the elderly. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of culture and language on the appropriateness of the tests for different populations.</p>

scholarly journals Intermittent Hypoxia Training for Treating Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 153331751989672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Xiangrong Shi ◽  
Hannah Schenck ◽  
James R. Hall ◽  
Sarah E. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning

Although intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) has proven effective against various clinical disorders, its impact on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is unknown. This pilot study examined IHT’s safety and therapeutic efficacy in elderly patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI). Seven patients with aMCI (age 69 ± 3 years) alternately breathed 10% O2 and room-air, each 5 minutes, for 8 cycles/session, 3 sessions/wk for 8 weeks. The patients’ resting arterial pressures fell by 5 to 7 mm Hg ( P < .05) and cerebral tissue oxygenation increased ( P < .05) following IHT. Intermittent hypoxia training enhanced hypoxemia-induced cerebral vasodilation ( P < .05) and improved mini-mental state examination and digit span scores from 25.7 ± 0.4 to 27.7 ± 0.6 ( P = .038) and from 24.7 ± 1.2 to 26.1 ± 1.3 ( P = .047), respectively. California verbal learning test score tended to increase ( P = .102), but trail making test-B and controlled oral word association test scores were unchanged. Adaptation to moderate IHT may enhance cerebral oxygenation and hypoxia-induced cerebrovasodilation while improving short-term memory and attention in elderly patients with aMCI.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect neurological, cognitive and behavioral effects of COVID-19 on the normal elderly, Mild-Cognitive-Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Iodice ◽  
Valeria Cassano ◽  
Paolo Maria Rossini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Abstract This article reviews the main articles that have been published so far about the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on a particularly fragile population represented by the healthy elderly people as well as those with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Such populations have been among the most affected in the early stages of the pandemic due to the direct effects of the virus and numerous indirect effects now emerge and will have to be carefully assessed over time. The pandemic associated to COVID-19 has shifted most of the health resources to the emergency area and has consequently left the three main medical areas that dealing with the elderly population (oncology, time-dependent diseases and degenerative disease) temporarily “uncovered”. In the phase following the emergency, it will be crucial to guarantee to each area the economic and organizational resources to quickly return to the level of support of the pre-pandemic state. The emergency phase represented an important moment of discussion on the possibilities of telemedicine which will inevitably become increasingly important but all the limits of its use in the elderly population have to be considered. In the post-lockdown recovery phase, alongside the classic medical evaluation, the psychological evaluation must become even more important for doctors caring about people with cognitive decline.

Sensitivity and specificity of neuropsychological tests for mild cognitive impairment, vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. DE JAGER ◽  
E. HOGERVORST ◽  
M. COMBRINCK ◽  
M. M. BUDGE
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Verbal Learning

Background. Early diagnosis of dementia is important for those who might benefit from treatment. We designed a brief comprehensive neuropsychological test battery to help differentiate control subjects from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.Method. The battery included tests of memory, attention, executive function, speed, perception and visuospatial skills. It was administered to subjects from the OPTIMA cohort: 51 controls, 29 with MCI, 60 with ‘possible’ or ‘probable’ Alzheimer's disease (AD) (NINCDS/ADRDA) and 12 with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare performance of controls with other diagnostic groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analyses. The effects of age, gender and years of education on test performance were determined with Spearman's rank correlations.Results. The AD group performed worse than controls on all tests except an attention task. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and The Placing Test for episodic memory showed significant discriminative capacity between controls and other groups. Attention and processing speed tests discriminated CVD from controls. Category fluency, episodic memory tests and the CLOX test for executive function distinguished MCI from AD. Spearman's correlations showed negative associations between age and processing speed. Years of education affected performance on all tests, except The Placing Test.Conclusions. Certain neuropsychological tests have been shown to be sensitive and specific in the differential diagnosis of various types of dementia and may prove to be useful for detection of MCI.

P1-348: Longitudinal [11C]PIB PET study in healthy elderly persons, patients with mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S224-S224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Shinotoh ◽  
Hitoshi Shimada ◽  
Shigeki Hirano ◽  
Noriko Tanaka ◽  
Koichi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Healthy Elderly

scholarly journals A Framework for Improving the Interpersonal Relationship of the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Using Speaker Recognition and Social Network Platforms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan-Hsu Tan ◽  
Fu-Rong Jean ◽  
Chia-Jung Lin ◽  
Tsung-Yu Liu ◽  
Yung-Fa Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Model ◽  
Speaker Recognition ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Relationship Of

This study aims to develop an elderly care system for improving the interpersonal relationship of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by employing the speaker recognition technique and association functionality of social network platforms. Firstly, the speaker recognition units based on the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) are implemented to identify the visitor via individual input utterance. After the visitor is identified, the proposed system will be linked to the private database and social network platforms to extract the associated message of two parties. Experimental results indicate that the speaker recognition unit based on GMM-UBM achieves the best performance. Finally, five elderly persons are invited to measure the usability of the proposed system. A questionnaire is used to survey the five elderly persons, and the result indicates that the proposed system is highly potentially applicable in improving the interpersonal relationship of the elderly with MCI.

scholarly journals screening for cognitive impairment in late onset depression in a Brazilian sample using the BBRC-edu

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Maria da Silva Novaretti ◽  
Marcia Radanovic ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Depression and dementia are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in the elderly population. Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in most countries, being responsible for more than half of all dementia cases. Late-onset depression is a frequent cause of cognitive decline in the elderly. Differentiating between cognitive impairment secondary to depression and incipient dementia poses a challenge in the clinical setting. Objective: To evaluate the performance of elderly depressed patients using the BBRC-Edu. Methods: We studied 25 patients with late onset depression (mean age: 73.6 y (6.6); schooling: 9.1 y (5.7)) and 30 patients with mild AD (mean age 76.6 y (5.4); schooling: 7.5 y (7.1)), who were compared to a control group of 30 healthy elderly (mean age 73.8 y (5.8); schooling: 9.1 y (5.4)) using the CERAD and BBRC-Edu batteries. Results: For the CERAD battery, depressed patients performed better than AD patients on all tasks (p<0.0001) except for Constructional Praxis (p>0.05), and performed poorer than controls on verbal fluency (animals) and Word List Recall tasks (p<0.0001). For the BBRC-Edu, depressed patients performed better than AD patients on all tasks (p<0.0001) except for Digit Span (direct order) (p=0.076) and Incidental Memory (p>0.05), and performed worse than controls on Learning (second presentation) and verbal fluency (fruits) tasks (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Overall performance on the BBRC-Edu allowed differentiation of controls and depressed patients from AD patients.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dementia and Alzheimer’s Using Qeeg

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norsiah Fauzan ◽  
Nur Hurunain Amran
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Motor Region ◽  
State Examination

This article reports the biomarkers of the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among the elderly group aged around 60 -75 years old by analyzing the EEG signals recorded by using the quantitative electroencephalograph (qEEG). There is growing evidence that EEG analysis in resting state condition are useful in early detection of neural signatures of Alzheimer’s and dementia. EEG findings and analysis shows potential of discriminating MCI, Alzheimer’s and dementia. In this research, the purpose is to 1) develop the indexes for each of the EEG bands and sub-bands such as delta (1.5 – 3.5 Hz), theta (3.3 – 7.5 Hz), alpha ( 8 – 12 Hz), beta 1 (15 – 18 Hz) and beta 2 (22 – 30 Hz); 2) provide reference for early diagnosis; 3) extract and analyze the brainwave pattern of MCI and cognitively healthy group. This study involved 19 channel resting state EEG from a total of 30 subjects, 18 diagnosed as having MCI and 12 cognitively healthy elderly with criteria for inclusion if the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score is more than or equal to 28, based on the age and educational level. Development of qEEG index started by decomposition of EEG by performing Fourier analysis, averaging and normalizing the value from the 19 channels to obtain the z-score. Findings showed promise of utility in early detection of Alzheimer’s. Notably, 1) Increases in delta/ theta posterior temporal and prefrontal area i.e., H(6.64) vs. MCI(26.29); beta temporal region, 2) Decreases in alpha at sensory motor region i.e., H(0.27) vs. MCI(0.23).

scholarly journals Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: Comparison of the Italian Versions of Three Neuropsychological Tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Federico ◽  
Alice Maier ◽  
Greta Vianello ◽  
Daniela Mapelli ◽  
Michela Trentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Level I ◽  
Time Of Administration

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently proposed criteria for MCI in PD (PD-MCI) indicate level I diagnosis based on abbreviated assessment and level II based on comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. The study explored the sensitivity and specificity of the Italian versions of three neuropsychological tests for level I diagnosis of PD-MCI. We recruited 100 consecutive PD patients. After screening for inclusion criteria, 43 patients were included. The sensitivity and specificity of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) in comparison to level II diagnosis of PD-MCI were examined. PD-MCI was diagnosed (level II) in 51% of patients. Disease duration was significantly longer and PD motor scales were more severely impaired in MCI group. The receiver-operator characteristics curve documented nonsignificant difference in the performance of the three tests, with slight advantage of MMSE (corrected data). The time of administration favored MMSE. In Italian-speaking PD patients, MMSE might represent a good screening tool for PD-MCI, because of the shorter time of administration and the performance comparable to those of MoCA and ACE-R. Further studies are needed to validate the new PD-MCI criteria across different languages and cultures.

scholarly journals Detecting mild cognitive impairment in narratives in Brazilian Portuguese: first steps towards a fully automated system

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Treviso ◽  
Leandro Borges Dos Santos ◽  
Christopher Shulby ◽  
Lilian Cristine Hübner ◽  
Letícia Lessa Mansur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Sentence Segmentation ◽  
Sentence Boundary ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) has received a great deal of attention, as it may represent a pre-clinical state of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). In the distinction between healthy elderly (CTL) and MCI patients, automated discourse analysis tools have been applied to narrative transcripts in English and in Brazilian Portuguese. However, the absence of sentence boundary segmentation in transcripts prevents the direct application of methods that rely on these marks for the correct use of tools, such as taggers and parsers. To our knowledge, there are only a few studies evaluating automatic sentence segmentation in transcripts of neuropsychological tests. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact ofthe automatic sentence segmentation method DeepBond on nine syntactic complexity metrics extracted of transcripts of CTL and MCI patients.***Detecção de comprometimento cognitivo leve em narrativas em Português Brasileiro: primeiros passos para um sistema automatizado***Nos últimos anos, o Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL) tem recebido bastante atenção, uma vez que pode representar um estado pré-clínico da Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Na distinção entre idosos saudáveis (CTL) e pacientes com CCL, ferramentas de análise automática do discurso têm sido aplicadas a transcrições de narrativas em inglês e em português brasileiro. No entanto, a ausência da segmentação dos limites da sentença em transcrições impede a aplicação direta de métodos que empregam essas pontuações para o uso correto de ferramentas, como taggers e parsers. Segundo nosso conhecimento, há poucos estudos avaliando a segmentação automática de sentenças em transcrições de testes neuropsicológicos. O propósito deste estudo é investigar o impacto do método DeepBond para segmentação automática de sentenças em nove métricas de complexidade sintática extraídas de transcrições de CTL e de pacientes com CCL.

Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dementia and Alzheimer’s Using Qeeg

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Norsiah Fauzan ◽  
Nur Hurunain Amran
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Motor Region ◽  
State Examination

This article reports the biomarkers of the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among the elderly group aged around 60 -75 years old by analyzing the EEG signals recorded by using the quantitative electroencephalograph (qEEG). There is growing evidence that EEG analysis in resting state condition are useful in early detection of neural signatures of Alzheimer’s and dementia. EEG findings and analysis shows potential of discriminating MCI, Alzheimer’s and dementia. In this research, the purpose is to 1) develop the indexes for each of the EEG bands and sub-bands such as delta (1.5 – 3.5 Hz), theta (3.3 – 7.5 Hz), alpha ( 8 – 12 Hz), beta 1 (15 – 18 Hz) and beta 2 (22 – 30 Hz); 2) provide reference for early diagnosis; 3) extract and analyze the brainwave pattern of MCI and cognitively healthy group. This study involved 19 channel resting state EEG from a total of 30 subjects, 18 diagnosed as having MCI and 12 cognitively healthy elderly with criteria for inclusion if the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score is more than or equal to 28, based on the age and educational level. Development of qEEG index started by decomposition of EEG by performing Fourier analysis, averaging and normalizing the value from the 19 channels to obtain the z-score. Findings showed promise of utility in early detection of Alzheimer’s. Notably, 1) Increases in delta/ theta posterior temporal and prefrontal area i.e., H(6.64) vs. MCI(26.29); beta temporal region, 2) Decreases in alpha at sensory motor region i.e., H(0.27) vs. MCI(0.23).

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