scholarly journals The pre-history of quantum computation

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Ideas

The main ideas behind developments in the theory and technology of quantum computation were formulated in the late 1970s and early 1980s by two physicists in the West and a mathematician in the former Soviet Union. It is not generally known in the West that the subject has roots in the Russian technical literature. The idea, as propagated by Benioff and (especially) Feynman, is reviewed along with the proposition of a foundation for this kind of computation by Manin in the Russian literature. The author hopes to present as impartial a synthesis as possible of the early history of thought on this subject. The role of reversible and irreversible computational processes will be examined briefly as it relates to the origins of quantum computing and the so-called Information Paradox in physics. Information theory and physics, as this paradox shows, have much to communicate to each other.

scholarly journals Universal Human Values as Axiological Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 802-816
Author(s):  
Mukhtasar Abdullaeva ◽  
Shakhnoza Jalolova ◽  
Mavluda Kengboyeva ◽  
Khakima Davlatova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Human Values ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject

This article analyzes the fact that the subject of values is the basis of a number of worldviews, forms the central part of them, that many philosophical currents and thinkers have not bypassed this topic, and other issues. Also in the books and pamphlets devoted to the philosophical-historical analysis of the subject by scholars and experts living in the West and Europe, Russia and other parts of the former Soviet Union, this analysis focuses mainly on the heritage and value of European scholars.

scholarly journals Reconsidering Inclusion: Western theory and post-Soviet reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Hallett ◽  
David Allan ◽  
Graham Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Political History ◽  
The West ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Western Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into

This article analyses the views of individuals from a post-Soviet context in order to better understand current thinking around difference and disability. In this study, the multiplicity of human experience articulated by the research participants highlights immediate, rather than philosophical, priorities. The particular social, cultural and political history of the Republic of Armenia offers an insight into the challenges of, and opportunities for, the development of inclusive practices in the former Soviet Union. As such, it could be argued that the West has much to learn from national contexts that might be dismissed as exclusionary.

scholarly journals Tapestry art in Mordovia today

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Gavin ◽  
Zoya A. Tanshina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
State University ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Space Design ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art Schools

The article discussed the role of contemporary tapestry art in modern culture, the history of the formation and growth of national decorative-applied and monumental art schools in the Republics of former Soviet Union, the importance of both group and personal tapestry exhibitions organized by regional creative organizations of the Union of Artists and the Russian Union of Artists as well as the state Museum-Reserve “Tsaritsyno”. It emphasizes the importance of using richest traditions of folk art, stories and legends of the people living in multiethnic Russia. The works of teachers and graduates of the Department “Folk Art Culture and Contemporary Art” of the Institute of National Culture of Ogarev Mordovia State University have been demonstrated as an example of those who apply modern tapestry in architectural space design. The paper also defines prospects for the development of tapestry art in the works of young artists.

scholarly journals "There Are No Invalids in the USSR!" A Missing Soviet Chapter in the New Disability History

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
The West ◽  
Disability History ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rights Issues

This article presents an overview of disability rights issues in the context of state socialism in the former Soviet Union, especially the Russian and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet state’s governmentality of disability, and the little-known history of Soviet-era disability rights movements, produced important legacies that shape disability policy and discourses, rights movements, and experiences of disability in the region today. By focusing on Soviet approaches to housing, education, rehabilitation, and work vis-à-vis people with disabilities, and documenting the varied responses of disability communities, this article contributes a missing Soviet chapter to the new disability history. This approach encourages readers to reconsider some assumptions about the evolution of disability rights outside the West. Especially, I interweave discussions of Soviet-era state policy with descriptions of people’s personal experiences to emphasize the ways that people with disabilities in the former Soviet Union have been active agents--if not organized advocates--across the 20th century.

Origins

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-63
Author(s):  
Juliane Fürst
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
The West ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The first chapter charts the history of the Soviet hippie movement all across the Soviet Union, using both declassified KGB and party documents as well as personal interviews. It explores the role of the official press in inspiring youngsters to become ‘hippies’ and the crucial transmission belt of diplomatic parents and other Soviet elites allowed to have direct contact with the West. It delves into the world of intellectual circles in Moscow in the 1960s, which provided some of the intellectual soil on which a Soviet variation of hippie ideals could grow. It subsequently traces some of the fashion and style roots of the Soviet hippies, which range from the Soviet stiliagi to the British Beatles, from glimpses of Western hippies to the Soviet-infused imagination of youngsters wanting to look different than the rest.

scholarly journals Nazi Collaborators in the Soviet Union during and after World War II

Refuge ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Boris Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nazi Collaborators

Based on documents for the Russian archives, which in the early 1990s became open to the researchers, the author gives an account of the problem of collaborating with Nazi Germany in the USSR during World War II. He discusses the role of special punitive detachments, formed from the local populations in the occupied territories, in assisting Nazis in their policy of terror and genocide. A brief history of the infamous 667th punitive battalion, "Shelon, " and some of its members serves as an illustrative example. The author also explains why so many Nazi collaborators from the former Soviet Union managed to escape punishment and settle in the Western countries, Canada and the United States in particular, and also traces the history of some of them.

scholarly journals Civilisational Conflict, Renewal, or Transformation: Potential Role of the OIC

ICR Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-600
Author(s):  
Abdullahil Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
The West ◽  
Transformation Potential ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Do So

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) came into existence at the end of the 20th century during the Cold War, a period that also witnessed concerns among many Western intellectuals about the decline of the West. By the end of the century and the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the “clash of civilizations” thesis had placed Islamic civilisation at the center of international politics, once again raising questions about world peace and co-existence between civilisations. Could Islamic civilisation as represented by the OIC play a role at this juncture of history? Does it possess the capacity and know-how to meet this challenge? Such questions relate also to ideas of worldview: the Renaissance worldview of the West may be seen to have been tainted by Darwinism and Freudianism while the Islamic worldview appears corrupted by extremism. Can the OIC revive the universal Islamic values such as those upheld by Muhammad Iqbal-the 20th century student of Rumi? Can it do so in the context of tumultuous intra-Muslim relations? These questions frame our discussion in this paper.

The Contribution of Pavlov's Typology of CNS Properties to Personality Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The West ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Strength Of Excitation ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper presents Pavlov's contribution to the development of biological-oriented personality theories. Taking a short description of Pavlov's typology of central nervous system (CNS) properties as a point of departure, it shows how, and to what extent, this typology influenced further research in the former Soviet Union as well as in the West. Of special significance for the development of biologically oriented personality dimensions was the conditioned reflex paradigm introduced by Pavlov for studying individual differences in dogs. This paradigm was used by Russian psychologists in research on types of nervous systems conducted in different animal species as well as for assessing temperament in children and adults. Also, personality psychologists in the West, such as Eysenck, Spence, and Gray, incorporated the CR paradigm into their theories. Among the basic properties of excitation and inhibition on which Pavlov's typology was based, strength of excitation and the basic indicator of this property, protective inhibition, gained the highest popularity in arousaloriented personality theories. Many studies have been conducted in which the Pavlovian constructs of CNS properties have been related to different personality dimensions. In current research the behavioral expressions of the Pavlovian constructs of strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes as measured by the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) have been related to over a dozen of personality dimensions, mostly referring to temperament.

Transmigration und Kapitalismus

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Julia Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Different Sources

Based on an ethnographical study the article presents the problems of Soviet migrants with capitalistic every day life. The reaction of the migrants and the role of their imagination of capitalism, which was formed by different sources in the former Soviet Union, is investigated.

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