scholarly journals Political opposition in patriarchal East London, 1950-1960: dilemmas of paternalism

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Normative System ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Moral System ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Way

This paper describes the growing level of politicization in East London in the 1950s, and the way this affected the patriarchal normative system, which prevailed in urban adminis tration. Patriarchal ism, as a sys tem, was susceptible of different interpretations by white municipal officials, and their response to black political opposition ranged from liberal forbearance to rigid and uncompromising intolerance. Black leaders’ attitudes to the patriarchal order were similarly nuanced. The Location Native Advisory Boards vacillated between opposition to the white patriarchal order and compliance with it. Towards the late 1950s, the political climate became ever more polarized. The paper draws on archival sources from East London to show that patriarchalism, as a moral system, was sufficiently robust to accommodate a variety of viewpoints, within the white and black communities. But as violent resistance took its toll during the 1950s, more coercive forms of paternalism came increasingly to the fore.

Mission, Politics and Linguistic Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 379-400
Author(s):  
Laura Rademaker
Keyword(s):  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S

Summary This article investigates the ways local mission and national politics shaped linguistic research work in mid-20th century Australia through examining the case of the Church Missionary Society’s Angurugu Mission on Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory and research into the Anindilyakwa language. The paper places missionary linguistics in the context of broader policies of assimilation and national visions for Aboriginal people. It reveals how this social and political climate made linguistic research, largely neglected in the 1950s (apart from some notable exceptions), not only possible, but necessary by the 1970s. Finally, it comments on the state of research into Aboriginal languages and the political climate of today. Until the 1950s, the demands of funding and commitment to a government policy of assimilation into white Australia meant that the CMS could not support linguistic research and opportunities for academic linguists to conduct research into Anindilyakwa were limited. By the 1960s, however, national consensus about the future of Aboriginal people and their place in the Australian nation shifted and governments reconsidered the nature of their support for Christian missions. As the ‘industrial mission’ model of the 1950s was no longer politically or economically viable, the CMS looked to reinvent itself, to find new ways of maintaining its evangelical influence on Groote Eylandt. Linguistics and research into Aboriginal cultures – including in partnership with secular academic agents – were a core component of this reinvention of mission, not only for the CMS but more broadly across missions to Aboriginal people. The resulting collaboration across organisations proved remarkably productive from a research perspective and enabled the continuance of a missionary presence and relevance. The political and financial limitations faced by missions shaped, therefore, not only their own practice with regards to linguistic research, but also the opportunities for linguists beyond the missionary fold. The article concludes that, in Australia, the two bodies of linguists – academic and missionary – have a shared history, dependent on similar political, social and financial forces.

Orthodox Prose Poetry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Admussen
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Prose Poetry ◽  
The Political ◽  
Study Group ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
Prose Poem ◽  
Prose Poems ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This chapter opens by studying the two most seminal prose poets of the 1950s, Ke Lan and Guo Feng. It shows that by faithfully ventriloquizing state socialism, they effectively subjectivize it, putting the words of the collective into the mouth of the individual. It demonstrates the way in which the political pressures of the 1950s provoked acts of definition and organization on the part of prose poets. The second half of chapter three reads the prose poetry community itself as a key text of orthodox art. It finds that an intentional modeling of prose poetry communities on the structures of the Communist Party has produced a set of dynamics that are hierarchical, inter-organizational, and self-reproductive. These dynamics influence the composition of prose poems through the interventions of educators, editors, and study group administrators, leading to the conclusion that many people participate in the writing of each orthodox prose poem.

scholarly journals "I am either all the way there or I am not. I don't know how to walk this middle line" (Skorczewski 109). The Impact of Manic and Depressive States on Anne Sexton's Poetic Depictions of Food.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iona Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Line ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Know How ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Contextual Relation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depressive States ◽  
The Way

This research explores poet Anne Sexton’s use of food imagery in To Bedlam and Part Way Back, focusing on the way food is presented in contextual relation to the manic-depressive cycles Sexton was experiencing. This is placed within the socio-political climate of the 1950s-1960s which influences Sexton’s relationship with food.

Delineating Regional Subsystems: Visit Networks and the Middle Eastern Case

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
International Politics ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The Political ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Major Exception ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
East West

Reflecting the political climate and preoccupations of the time, structural examinations of international politics in the 1950s and early 1960s tended to focus on East-West interaction patterns and associated questions of global polarity and polarization. A major exception to this statement has been provided by an eclectic group of regional subsystem analyses which were, at least initially, intended to counteract the distortions perceived to be associated with an exclusively global, bipolar perspective.

scholarly journals “Confused Anarchy and the late civil broils”: The Politics of Genre in Milton’s Histories

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Sukanya Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ideological Stance ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe writing of history was seminal to Milton’s conception of himself as a humanist and is a key to our understanding of his literary career. Yet, Milton’s Brief History of Moscovia and The History of Britain occupy a unique position in the way in which they are poised between the humanist notion of history as counsel and history as an assertion of “republican” values. However, situating Milton in a climate of republicanism has othen been problematic and challenging. Like writers of humanist historical narratives, Milton’s primary aim was to guide the English people in their current political crisis by making the past an analogue of the present. I wish to contend that he approaches his intention generically: by a manipulative use of the genres of history and chorography, Milton is able to straddle the earlier notion of history with the later notions of “republicanism” that permeated the political climate of England in the aftermath of the Civil War. In an inversion of Shklovsky’s notion of “form shaping content”, Milton’s reliance on genre as a vehicle for articulating his political and ideological stance, ultimately results in content shaping form.

scholarly journals ‘The new but lonely voice against the authoritarianism’: humor and irony in Turkish political discourse after the Taksim Gezi Park Protests

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gunes Ekin Aksan
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Major Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Turkish Politics

This study investigates the diffusion of a new political language based on humour and irony into Turkish politics. The Taksim Gezi Park Protests, in addition to introducing a new subject to Turkish politics, led to a new language that places humour at the centre. The Government’s neoliberal and authoritarian policies and tight control over traditional media shaped the resistance to be humoristic and indirect. People used alternative media to voice their dissent, mainly in the form of social media messages in addition to street performances, graffiti, videos and murals. This new wave of humour, which I prefer to call the “public square humour” emphasised creativity, improvisation and pluralism via the usage of traditional conversational humour mechanisms of the Turkish folk narratives. I investigate the effect of this new wave of humour on the professional politicians over the course of following years after the protests in an increasingly authoritarian political climate. I analyse the Twitter messages of four major party leaders and politicians who are active in Twitter, both qualitatively and quantitatively. With the methods of the discourse analysis I identify the political parties that embrace the new language of the political opposition. Finally, I conclude that Demirtas embraces the public square humour better and makes use of it to underline the transformation of HDP (People’s Democratic Party) from a defendant of ethnic politics to the representative of the new voice of Turkish political opposition.

Finding a Place: Mainland Chinese Fiction in the 2000s

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lovell
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Fiction ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Way

The political, economic and social changes experienced by China over the past decade have been mirrored by transformations in the literary realm. Writers, editors, critics and readers have contended with the acceleration of commercialisation, the rise of the Internet, and the Communist Party's subtly changing attitude to creative freedom. This essay examines the creative responses of three critically acclaimed generations of novelists – born between the 1950s and 1980s – to this new climate. It considers the way in which writers have become entrepreneurs, managing their own personality cults over the Internet and through media spin. It discusses widespread corruption in literary reviewing; the weaknesses in editorial standards that affect the work of even the most mature voices writing today; and the fluid way in which novelists often abandon fiction for other professions or expressive forms, such as film. Finally, it considers the limits of literary freedom in China's one-party cultural system.

On Equality – Judicial Profiles

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 380-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Raday
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The Political ◽  
Judicial Activism ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

My purpose in this paper is to examine the way in which judges have developed the concept of equality in Israel. This examination will concentrate on Supreme Court judgments regarding the right to equality, in the context of group discrimination. There is a dual focus to the research: first, analysis of the decisions in order to clarify the concept of equality which is applied by the judges and, second, examination of the extent to which the judges have been activist in promoting the concept of equality. The latter enquiry is directed both to the intrinsic importance of this question and also to the current flood of attacks on the Supreme Court's judicial policy on the alleged grounds that it is over-activist and, hence, illegitimate. The reason for the choice of the equality issue as the litmus test of judicial activism is the fact that it is the Court's decisions on this issue which have provoked much of the political opposition to the Court. There have also been academic claims that the Court has been too activist, which criticize the Court's human rights jurisprudence, arguing that the Court has over-extended the borders of human rights concerns to include situations that should not properly have been perceived as such.

Leone de' Sommi and Jewish Theatre in Renaissance Mantua

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Donald Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Social Negotiations ◽  
Renaissance Artist ◽  
The Way

This is a study of a Renaissance artist and his patrons, but with an added complication, insofar as Leone de' Sommi, the gifted academician and playwright in the employ of the dukes of Mantua in the second half of the sixteenth century, was Jewish and a lifelong promoter and protector of his community. The article deals with the complex relationship between the court and the Jewish "università" concerning the drama and the way in which dramatic performances also became part of the political, judicial and social negotiations between the two parties, as well as a study of Leone's role as playwright and negotiator during a period that was arguably one of the best of times for the Jews of Mantua.

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