scholarly journals Establishment of a new relationship between posed smile width and lower facial height: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aby Abraham ◽  
Jinu George ◽  
Elbe Peter ◽  
Koshi Philip ◽  
Rajesh Chankramath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study is intended to add a new parameter that would be useful in orthodontic clinical evaluation, treatment planning, and determination of vertical dimension (at occlusion). Materials and Methods: Standardized videographic recording of 79 subjects during posed smile was captured. Each video was then cut into 30 photos using the free studio software. The widest commissure-to-commissure posed smile frame (posed smile width [SW]) was selected as one of 10 or more frames showing an identical smile. Lower third of the face is measured from subnasale to soft tissue menton using a digital vernier caliper. Two values were then compared. Ratio between lower facial height and posed SW was calculated. Results: The co-relation between smiling width and lower facial height was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The ratio of lower facial height and smiling width was calculated as 1.0016 with a standard deviation (SD) = 0.04 in males and 1.0301 with an SD = 0.07 in females. The difference between the mean lower facial height in males and females was statistically significant with a t = 10.231 and P = 0.000. The difference between the mean smiling width in males and females was also statistically significant with a t = 5.653 and P = 0.000. Conclusion: In class I subjects with pleasing appearance, normal facial proportions, normal overjet and overbite, and average Frankfort mandibular angle, the lower facial height (subnasale to soft tissue menton) is equal to posed SW.

scholarly journals Variations in the Facial Dimensions and Face Types Among the Students of A Medical College

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (209) ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
Anup Pandey ◽  
Alok Atreya
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
The Face ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Practical Implications

Introduction: Facial dimensions and the face types are the most variable factors in human community. These dimensions have practical implications for the anthropologist, forensic experts, anatomists and surgeons. The present study is aimed to determine the facial dimensions and face types among the medical and nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among medical and nursing students of Devdaha Medical College and Devdaha College of Science and Technology from January 2017 to February 2018. There were 155 students of which 72 were males and 83 females. Facial height and width were measured and facial index was calculated. The collected data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 21 and differences in measurements among males and females were calculated. Results: The mean facial height among the total population was 10.83 ± 0.74 cm and facial width was 12.39 ± 0.67 cm with the mean facial index of 87.44 ± 4.82. The most prevalent was the mesoprosopic face (n= 59, 38.06%) followed by leptoprosopic (n=43, 27.74%). The least prevalent face type was hyperleptoprosopic (n= 7, 4.52%) which was observed only in male individuals. Conclusions: The present study depicts higher values of facial height, width and facial indexfor males when compared to the females. The present finding is based upon the indices and classification obtained from developed nation. Further studies with local data would help develop indices and classification for Nepalese population.

scholarly journals A Study of Facial Index among Malay Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahamida Yesmin ◽  
San San Thwin ◽  
Shazia Afrin Urmi ◽  
Mar Mar Wai ◽  
Pu. Fazlin Zaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Digital Slide ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dominant Phenotype ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
The Face ◽  
Malay Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Face

Facial analysis is anthropologically useful to identify the racial, ethnical, and sexual differences. The present study was done to see the sex difference and variation of facial index among Malaysian population. Cross-sectional descriptive type of study was done in Anatomy Department in UniKL RCMP which was performed on 81 Malay people (40 males, 41 females) aged 19–30 years. To measure the morphological parameters (facial height, facial width, and facial index), digital slide calliper and scale were used. There were significant differences found in all facial parameters of males compared with the females. The mean morphological facial height was 111.9 ± 8.4 and morphological facial width was 127.3 ± 8.0. The range of facial index was 67.44–106.90 for males and 75.21–97.99 for females. The total facial index was calculated according to the formula and the results obtained were analyzed statistically using the t-test which was statistically significant (0.003). The dominant phenotype in Malay population was mesoprosopic or round face (45%) and least common face type was hyperleptoprosopic or very long face (5%). There were significant variations in the face index between Malay males and females; further study with large sample size in different races in Malaysia is recommended.

scholarly journals Determination of Soft Tissue Thickness of Face for Facial Reconstruction - An Autopsy Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 3267-3271
Author(s):  
Bindu Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND Facial reconstruction aims to reconstruct the face of an unknown individual for identification. It is a process of recreating the face of a human being based on skull remains and can be used to identify otherwise unknown individuals or to reconstruct faces of historical figures. The measurement of facial soft tissue thickness is the basis of this method. The data obtained from various studies are charted and used as a guide for facial reconstruction. This study intended at determining the average soft tissue thickness of the face in 21 different points for the purpose of facial reconstruction in males and females. METHODS For the study, 144 cases belonging to the age of 21 to 60 years were brought for autopsy in the Department of Forensic medicine, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. They were divided into equal number of males and females. The soft tissue thickness was taken by needle puncture technique. Statistical analysis was done and the mean values in males and females and their age wise comparisons were obtained. Males and females showed strong positive correlation with age at certain points and the data obtained from this study provides a basis for facial reconstruction in the South Indian population. RESULTS Differences in mean values of general parameters and soft tissue thickness of face in different age groups and in both sexes and the coefficient of variation were also calculated at all points in both sexes. The mean values of height, weight were more in males than in females. The difference in the mean values of width of nose, width of forehead and the width of upper lip in females in different age groups was statistically significant. Among the soft tissue thicknesses at midline points of face, the difference in the mean values at the region of mid philtrum was statistically significant in males and females in different age groups. The difference in the mean values of soft tissue thickness in the lower lip in different age groups showed a statistical significance in males and females. Among the bilateral points of face, the difference in the mean values of soft tissue thickness of face in the region of right supraorbital, right and left gonion region showed a statistical significance in males in different age groups. In females, the left suborbital, right and left occlusal line and left mid zygomatic region showed a statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study gave a set of average soft tissue thickness of face at 21 different points for an accurate reproduction of the skull in the South Indian population. In this study, the soft tissue thickness at midline and bilateral points were established. Further research in this field of facial reconstruction should incorporate various components of facial anatomy using modern imaging technology. A statistical analysis of multiple variables including other landmarks and various characteristics of the face could open up more relationships and would eventually lead to much more precise reconstruction. KEY WORDS Soft Tissue Thickness; Facial Reconstruction; South Indian Population

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to compare the biochemical parameters in low normal versus high normal plasma glucose levels in euglycemic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Jhavar ◽  
Neha Kirti ◽  
Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Chandra ◽  
Vinod Verma
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Since a long time ago, the experts have realized that determination of cut-off point for diagnosing diabetes will be revised over time with the lower blood glucose level as the more sensitive diagnosis for detecting the occurring complication and biochemical changes.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore from July, 2016 to August, 2017 in 200 individuals and patients having euglycemic status attending General Medicine OPD.Results: In the low and high normal group 2 (2.0%) and 8 (8.0%) were having abnormal total cholesterol (TC) level respectively. The mean total cholesterol in the low normal group was 117.16±26.94mg/dl and it was 154.74±28.38mg/dl in the high normal group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.000). In the low and high normal group, 4 (4.0%) and 17 (17.0%) were having abnormal triglyceride (TG) levels respectively. The mean TG levels in the low and high normal group were 96.93±22.64mg/dl and 110.55±32.37mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.001). In the low and high normal group, 6 (6.0%) and 14 (14.0%) patient was having abnormal uric acid levels respectively. The mean uric acid levels in the low and high normal group was 4.88±1.10mg/dl and 5.31±1.31mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.013).Conclusions: Higher levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides were found more commonly in high normal euglycemic group compared to low normal euglycemic group. Mean cholesterol and mean triglyceride levels were higher in high normal euglycemic group.

scholarly journals Association of 12-Month Contraceptive Supply Policy and Months of Oral Contraception Prescribed by Obstetrics and Gynecology Physicians: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Fuerst ◽  
Kaitlin Schrote ◽  
Bharti Garg ◽  
Maria Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Physician Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Supply Policy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
United States Standard

Abstract Objective This study sought to determine if there was a difference in the months of oral contraception prescribed by physicians living in U.S. states with a 12-month supply policy compared to physicians in states without a policy. Methods We conducted an exploratory descriptive study using a convenience sample of Obstetrics & Gynecology resident physicians (n=275) in the United States. Standard bivariate analyses were used to compare the difference between groups. Results Few physicians in both groups (3.8% with a policy and 1.4% without a policy) routinely prescribed a 12-month supply of contraception. The mean coverage prescribed by providers in states with and without a policy was 2.81 and 2.07 months (p<0.05). Conclusions The majority of physicians were unaware of 12-month contraceptive supply policies and unable to correctly write a prescription for 12-months of contraception, regardless of whether they lived in a state with a 12-month contraceptive supply policy. Physician education may be needed to effectively implement 12-month contraceptive supply policies.

A study of growth changes in the mandible from deciduous to permanent dentition

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Huey Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Ramus Height

This cross-sectional study investigated mandibular developmental changes in untreated normal Taiwanese from the deciduous to permanent dentition. Differences in the mean values for ramus height and body length between males and females were statistically significant after eruption of the permanent second molars. SNB angles significantly increased and gonial and L1-MP angles significantly decreased from deciduous to permanent dentition in both sexes. The SN-MP angle in females significantly decreased and ramus inclination in males significantly increased from the early mixed to permanent dentition.

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CHILDHOOD POISONING

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 069-072
Author(s):  
Pratik Vijay Tarvadi ◽  
Shankar M. Bakkannavar ◽  
Vikram Palimar ◽  
G. Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Mahabalesh Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Childhood Poisoning ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Accidental paediatric poisoning is a common medical emergency and also associated with a high morbidity and mortality in children. In developing countries like India, the poisoning emergencies are becoming a major cause of mortality in infants and toddlers. Among the various studies done on poisoning cases in our country, the study on poisoning is more or less only on adults and hence this study is taken up to understand the number of childhood poisoning cases (based on gender). Method: A ten year record based cross sectional study from January 1999 to December 2008 was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, to understand the magnitude of childhood poisoning cases among males and females at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Results: Male children were predominantly affected (male: female::1.32: 1). Most of the poisoning cases occurred at home in both the genders with boy to girl ratio based on percentage in indoor poisoning being 0.92:1 and boy to girl ratio based on percentage in outcome being 1.06:1. Conclusion: Our study examines the difference in place and outcome of poisoning among boys and girls to identify population at risk and give suggestions so as to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals An Anthropometric Evaluation of Morphological Facial Height in Bangladeshi Young Adult

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Md Asaduzzaman Sheikh ◽  
Golam Mohiuddin Chowdhury ◽  
Ferdousy Jolly ◽  
Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Height

Introduction: Anthropometry is applied to obtain measurements of living subjects for identifying age, stature, proportions body and/ or face and various dimensions related to particular race or an individual. Facial anthropometric studies have got vast implications in health related fields and are useful for orthodontists, plastic surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons for their treatment plans to evaluate treatment prognosis and determine treatment outcome. Prior to advent of cephalometric radiography, orthodontists often used anthropometric measurements to establish facial proportion. Although for orthodontists, this method was largely replaced by cephalometric analysis for many years, the recent emphasis on soft tissue proportions has brought soft tissue evaluation back into prominence. When there are questions about vertical facial proportions, it is better to make the measurement clinically rather than cephalometric analysis, because the soft tissue proportions, as seen clinically determine the facial appearance.Objective: To evaluate morphological facial height and to establish the upper & lower facial height proportions in Bangladeshi adult and to compare with similar data of various nations & ethnic groups.Method: This study was a descriptive observational cross sectional study by convenient sampling, conducted in AFMI (Armed Forces Medical Institute) among the 500 participants of Bangladeshi by birth with equal sex distribution aged 18-25 years. The anthropometric landmarks the nasion(n), subnasale (sn) and ganthion (gn), were marked on the participant’s face with a dermographic pen. With the help of a digital vernier sliding calipers, the measurements were taken in millimeters and the participant was in centric relation when measuring the facial height. The distance from ‘n’ to ‘sn’ is upper facial height (UFH), from ‘sn’ to ‘gn’ is lower facial height (LFH) and total facial height (TFH) is the sum of UFH and LFH.Conclusion: There is strong correlation among upper, lower and total facial height. The facial height proportion found in this study matches with ideal facial proportion widely practiced in clinical orthodontics for treatment planning and to determine treatment outcome. The findings of this study may help to establish the norms of facial proportion in Bangladeshi adult which will be helpful for treatment planning in orthodontic and reconstructive surgery without chephalomtric means.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014

Gender comparisons of adolescents’ anthropometry and blood pressure in Osun State, South-Western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Omisore ◽  
Akinlolu G. Omisore ◽  
Emmanuel Akintunde Abioye-Kuteyi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Adolescents are in their formative years, and they experience several changes including anthropometric changes. Significant weight gain occurs in adolescence, and increasingly, obesity and consequent increase in blood pressure (BP) are found in adolescents. Objective: This study compared anthropometric and BP measurements in male and female adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1000 adolescents (510 males and 490 females) were selected by multi-stage sampling from eight secondary schools. Pertinent information was collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version, and the means of anthropometric indices and blood pressures in males and females were compared using independent t-test. Results: The mean age for male respondents was 13.83 years (SD 2.12) and for females 13.62 (SD 1.96). Generally, anthropometric indices gradually increased from the lower ages to the higher ages in both males and females. The mean height was the same for both males and females (1.54 m), while the mean weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were significantly higher in females than in males (p<0.05). A significantly higher proportion of females compared with males were overweight (10.2%, 5.3%) and obese (3.9%, 2.0%), respectively. The overall prevalence of “hypertension,” was 4.1% and more females (70.7%) had “hypertension” than males (29.3%). Conclusion: Females were heavier and constituted the greater proportion of those who had elevated BP. Adequate attention needs to be given to the challenging problems of overweight and obesity to forestall development of hypertension in adolescents, especially female adolescents.

scholarly journals Korelasi antara lebar mesiodistal gigi dengan kecembungan profil jaringan lunak wajah orang Bugis-Makassar

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Susilowati Susilowati ◽  
Sulastry Sulastry
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Malocclusion is very closely related to the disharmony of mesiodistaltooth-width with dental arches. It is important to know the mesiodistaltooth widths before establishing the diagnosis and planning oforthodontic treatment. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment isfacialesthetic, which is supported by a balanced soft tissue profile. The aim ofthis cross sectional study was to investigate the correlation betweenmesiodistal tooth widths with the convexity of soft tissue profile. Theresult of the study can be used as a reference and guidance inestablishing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The numberof sample was 50 (18 males and 32 females), aged 18-27 years old.Criteria for sample selection comprised absence of interproximalcaries/filling, no tooth deformity, aged over 17 years, never undergoorthodontic treatment, the presence of teeth from the right first molarthrough the left first molar, both upper and lower, Buginese orMakassarese people, and Class I Angle malocclusion. Tooth sizemeasurements were performed on study models by using slidingcaliper. The photo of each subject was taken cephalometrically. Theangular measurement was performed on cephalogram, using Subtelny'sanalysis. The soft tissue convexity degree was represented by N-SnPog.The data was processed using SPSS program and tested byindependent t-test and correlation. It can be concluded that the meanvalue of mesiodistal width on males was greater that those on females(p<0.05), the mean of facial convexity degree on males (159.05°) wassmaller than those on females (162.77°), which was different significantly (p<0.05), and there was a very weak correlation (r<0.25) oralmost no correlation between mesiodistal tooth-width and the degree ofsoft tissue facial profile, and it was not significant statistically (p>0.05).

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