scholarly journals Pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear: A clinicopathological and demographic correlation

CytoJournal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmila Banik ◽  
Pradip Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shahab Uddin Ahamad ◽  
Zillur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Background: In the low resource settings of a developing country, a conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) test is the mainstay screening system for cervical cancer. In order to counsel women and to organize a public health system for cervical cancer screening by Pap smear examination, it is imperative to know the pattern of premalignant and malignant lesions. This study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of an abnormal Pap smear, in a tertiary hospital of a developing country, and to carry out a clinicopathological and demographical analysis for establishing the pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in a Pap smear. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a total of 1699 patients who underwent Pap smear examination. The prevalence of epithelial cell abnormality in the Pap smear was calculated in proportions / percentages. Specimen adequacy and reporting was assessed according to the revised Bethesda system. Results: Among the total of 1699 patients who had their Pap smear done, 139 (8.18%) revealed epithelial cell abnormality. Altogether 26 smears revealed high-grade lesions and malignancy, most of which were found to be in women belonging to the 30 – 39 and ≥ 45 age group. A total of 75 (53.96%) women were in the 20 – 44 age group and 64 (46.04%) were in the ≥ 45 age group. A bimodal age distribution was detected in the epithelial cell abnormality, with the bulk being diagnosed in patients aged 45 or above. Overall one-third of the patients with an abnormal Pap smear result showed healthy cervix in per vaginal examination. Conclusions: A raised prevalence of epithelial cell abnormality reflects the lack of awareness about cervical cancer screening. Women aged 45 or above harbor the bulk of premalignant and malignant lesions in the Pap smear, signifying that these women are among the under users of cytological screening.

scholarly journals Cervical cytochemistry: a potential adjunct to cytomorphology for detection of abnormal cells in cervical cancer screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644
Author(s):  
Indrani Krishnappa ◽  
Kalyani R. ◽  
Raja Parthiban ◽  
Abhishek Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background: Pap smear examination has been universally used as an effective screening tool for early detection of cervical carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of Cervical Acid Phosphatase staining as an adjunct to routine Pap smear testing to improvethe sensitivity and specificity of routine Pap smear examination for cervical cancer detection. Materials and Methods: Cervical smears were taken from patients attending the gynecology department and a few cervical cancer screening programmes. One set of slides were alcohol fixed and stained with rapid pap stain and another set of slides were fixed in a special fixative and stained with Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain. The nuclear features of these Cervical Acid Phosphatase stained dysplastic cells was studied on Pap stain to diagnose cervical intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. Results: Out of 489 cases included in the study 6 cases were diagnosed with intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. On Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain 2 of the cases diagnosed as inflammatory smears on pap stain showed Cervical Acid Phosphatase positivity and thus were re evaluated. Mild nuclear atypia was observed in the Cervical Acid Phosphatase positive cells and these cases were diagnosed as Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and later biopsy proven to be Cervical intraepithelial Neoplasia I. Therefore Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test was 100% sensitive and specific for cervical cancer detection. Conclusions: With 100% sensitivity Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test satisfies the criteria of an efficient screening test.

Setting Up a Cytology Laboratory for Cervical Cancer Screening in a Developing Country: A One Year’s Early Experience at a Private Facility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwesigwa Boaz ◽  
Ngoma Febian ◽  
Abila Derrick Bary ◽  
Othieno Emmanuel ◽  
Zahra Award Warsame
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

Abstract IntroductionWidespread cytology-based method of screening such as Pap smear test has significantly led to a reduction in the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer in many developed countries. In these countries, facilities needed for early detection of cervical cancer such as cytology laboratories are existent and generally available to their population. In a developing countries like Somalia, access to cytology services for cervical cancer screening remains limited and as result majority of patients present with advanced stage disease (stage III & IV) that is too difficult to treat.InterventionTo address this challenge, the management of AL-Zahra Specialty Hospital contracted a cytologist based in Uganda to guide in setting-up of cytology laboratory in the heart of Mogadishu, Somalia so as to provide cervical cancer screening and diagnostics services to the population. Other interventions made by the visiting cytologist involved guiding the procurement officer in the purchase of basic equipment, reagents, consumables and training of health care staff. This resulted into conducting 1020 cervical cytological tests over a period of 12months (1st September, 2018 to 30th September 2019).Lesions learntIn order to increase access to cytology services, we learnt that the federal government of Somalia should consider making cervical cytology (pap smear test) as part of routine screening policy for all sexually active women as part of health care package. An increase in sample volume may be improved through awareness campaigns and conducting community screening activities. ConclusionSomalia, a developing country has made great strides towards addressing the limited facilities for cervical cancer screening by using very limited funding. We hope that our experiences shall provide technical guidance & direction to physicians, laboratory managers and investors who wish to establish similar cervical cytology laboratories in an economically constrained low-resource setting.

scholarly journals SKRINING KANKER SERVIKS DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMEAR PADA PROFESI BIDAN DI RUMAH SAKIT TK II PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syaiful Syaiful ◽  
Frida Lina Tarigan ◽  
Fikarwin Zuska
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
A Cell

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that grows inside the cervix (the lowest part of the uterus attached to the top of the vagina). A Pap smear is a method in which a cell is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope. Any woman who is 18 years old, or a woman who has been sexually active should begin a Pap smear. This check should be done every year, although there are no symptoms of cancer. An examination of more than a year if it reaches the age of 65 years or three previous consecutive checks shows normal results. The purpose of the study changed the behavior of the midwife profession in order to perform cervical cancer screening with pap smear examination at Tk II Putri Hijau Hospital Medan. The design of this research is qualitative through phenomenology approach. The result of the research was obtained by the informant as many as 8 people consisting of 1 male informant that is obgyn doctor, 7 person work as midwife consisting of informant 2 often doing pap smear examination. Informants who do not routinely perform pap smear examination of informants 3 informants 3 times, informant 4 as much as 1 times, informant 5 as much as 3 times, informant 6 as much as 2 times. While informant 7 has never done pap smear examination, and informant 8 as much as 1 times. Some of the reasons that changed the behavior of the midwife profession to the Pap smear examination were shyness (fear), fear, no complaints (abnormalities), kesetrilan (medical equipment), lazy and cost. Here is found the expression of the eight informants is a more dominant shame words. Suggestion for the Tk II Putri Hijau Medan, submitted to the leader to oblige all female sex workers who have been actively engaged in sexual intercourse to perform cervical cancer screening by Pap smear examination routinely according to procedure and done at Tk II Putri Hijau Hospital Medan for free with existing health insurance facilities.Keyword: Cervical cancer screening, Pap smear Examination, Midwife Profession.

Cervical Cancer: Assessment of Its Knowledge, Utilization of Services and Its Determinant Among Female Undergraduate Students in a Low Resource Setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110066
Author(s):  
Chidebe Christian Anikwe ◽  
Philip Chidubem Osuagwu ◽  
Cyril Chijioke Ikeoha ◽  
Okechukwu B Ikechukwu Dimejesi ◽  
Bartholomew Chukwunonye Okorochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Study Population

Background Cervical cancer is a preventable disease that contributes significantly to the death of women. This study is aimed at determining the level of knowledge and utilization of cervical cancer screening and its determinants among female undergraduates of Ebonyi State University. Methods A structured questionnaire was used for a cross-sectional survey of the study population between January 1 and March 3, 2018. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Data were represented with frequency table, simple percentage, mode, range, Chi square and pie chart. The level of significance is at P-value < 0.05. Results Majority (74.8%) of the respondents were aware of cervical cancer and it could be prevented (70.8%). More than three-fifths (68.30%) were informed via health workers, and 86.8% were aware that post-coital vaginal bleeding is a symptom. Less than half (49.8%) knew that HPV is the primary cause, and only 32.9% were aware of the HPV vaccine. One-quarter of the respondent were aware that early coitarche is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Only 41.8% of the women were aware of Pap smear, 9.2% had undergone screening, and 97.6% were willing to be screened. Marital status was the significant determinant of being screened while class level did not significantly influence uptake of cervical cancer screening. The most common reason (20.6%) for not being screened was lack of awareness of the test. Conclusion Our study population had a good knowledge of cervical cancer, but utilization of cervical cancer screening was poor. Awareness creation through the mass media and provision of affordable screening services can promote the use of cervical cancer screening in the study area.

scholarly journals Study on cervical cancer screening amongst nurses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Srivastava ◽  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
Vikas Lakha ◽  
Shilpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at tertiary centre regarding cervical cancer screening. Material and Methods: Validated questionnaire was circulated amongst staff nurses at tertiary care centre after taking informed consent. Results and Discussion: Cancer of cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy in female and it is ranked second to breast cancer. It has a positive association with HPV infection. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially following introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at GTB Hospital towards cervical cancer risk factors, sign & symptoms and screening as they are important health professionals. In our study, the results showed that 99% of respondents were aware of Pap smear as screening programme and about 60-70% were aware of HPV as positive organism, but most of them never had a Pap smear done before. Majority of them did not know VIA, VILI and colposcopy as screening techniques. Conclusion: It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organize seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer.

'Have a Pap smear!' – doctors, their clients, and opportunistic cervical cancer screening

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Chingang ◽  
U Bischof ◽  
G Andall-Brereton ◽  
O Razum
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
High Incidence

In many middle-income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer, organized screening programmes with the Pap test are being planned. We assessed the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cervical screening among 63 doctors and 102 randomly selected community members in Trinidad where screening is still opportunistic. Doctors were well informed about cervical cancer, but not all knew the approximate specificity of the Pap test. Many did not routinely discuss the benefits and disadvantages of screening with their clients. Most women had heard of the Pap test, but only 56% knew its purpose; 25% would not participate in screening, stating reasons such as being in menopause or not having symptoms. More information about the aim of screening and the purpose of the Pap test must be communicated. Doctors need to keep their knowledge on screening up-to-date, and offer counselling that helps women to make an informed decision whether or not to participate in screening.

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