scholarly journals Smoking trends among women in India: Analysis of nationally representative surveys (1993–2009)

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Goel ◽  
Jaya Prasad Tripathy ◽  
Rana J. Singh ◽  
Pranay Lal
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Family ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Smoking Trends ◽  
Women In India

Abstract Background: There is growing concern among policy makers with respect to alarming growth in smoking prevalence among women in the developing countries. Methods: Using disaggregated data from five nationally representative surveys: Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2010, National Family Health Survey-III (NFHS-III) 2004-2005, NFHS-II 1998-1999, National Sample Survey (NSS) 52 nd Round 1995-1996, NSS 50 th Round 1993-1994 we analysed female smoking trend from 1993-2009. Tobacco use among females was monitored for almost two decades focusing on gender, literacy, and state-specific trends among respondents aged >15 years. Results: Smoking use among women has doubled from 1.4% to 2.9% (P < 0.001) during the period 2005-2010. The prevalence of smoking increased with decrease in per capita State Gross Domestic Product and literacy status for both men and women. Conclusion: As the overall smoking prevalence grows, female smoking is growing at a faster rate than smoking among males, which is an emerging concern for tobacco control in India and requires the attention of policymakers.

scholarly journals Stunting and Wasting Among Indian Preschoolers have Moderate but Significant Associations with the Vegetarian Status of their Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek D Headey ◽  
Giordano Palloni
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Self Reports

ABSTRACT Background India has high rates of child undernutrition and widespread lactovegetarianism. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine how nutrition outcomes varied among Indian preschool children in relation to the vegetarian status of their parents. Methods The 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey (NSS) were used to explore associations between parental vegetarian status and child stunting and wasting at ages 0–59 mo and anemia at ages 6–59 mo. In the NFHS, self-reports on usual consumption of foods were used to classify maternal diets, whereas in the NSS lactovegetarianism was defined at the household level. Results Compared with children of nonvegetarian mothers, children aged 24–59 mo of lactovegetarian mothers were 2.9 percentage points (95% CI: −4.0, −1.9) less likely to be stunted and children aged 6–23 mo were 1.6 points less likely to be wasted (95% CI: −3.0, −0.03), whereas children aged 6–23 mo with vegan mothers were 5.2 points more likely to be stunted (95% CI: 0.1, 9.4). When compared with nonvegetarian households, lactovegetarian households had better socioeconomic status and were more likely to consume dairy frequently. Children in nonvegetarian households consumed nondairy animal-sourced foods (ASFs) with relatively low frequency. The frequency of maternal dairy consumption was significantly associated with lower risks of child stunting and wasting. Conclusions Anthropometric outcomes differed by maternal vegetarian status, which is itself strongly associated with socioeconomic position, location, religion, and caste.

scholarly journals Analyzing U.S. nurse turnover: Are nurses leaving their jobs or the profession itself?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Mazurenko ◽  
Gouri Gupte ◽  
Guogen Shan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Care Managers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Care Managers

Objective: To examine and compare factors associated with making the decision to vacate a job (organizational turnover) versus leaving the profession (professional turnover) among registered nurses (RN) in the United States (U.S.).Methods: Nationally representative data from the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses was used. The sample consisted of 8,796 RNs who held an active RN license as of March 10, 2008, but changed a place of work or left the profession entirely. The analysis has been performed using SAS, version 9.3.Results: The results of binary logistic regression revealed that RNs who reported work-related disability (OR = 14.51; p-value: < .001), illness (OR = 3.32; p-value: < .001), experienced high physical demands (OR = 1.57; p-value: < .001) or burnout (OR = 1.39; p-value: < .001), were unsatisfied with their schedule (OR = 2.16; p-value: < .001), or staffing arrangements (OR = 1.41; p-value: < .001) were more likely to leave the profession. Whereas RNs who reported high levels of stress (OR = 0.59; p-value: < .001) were unsatisfied with the organization’s leadership (OR = 0.22; p-value: < .001), unsatisfied with their opportunity to advance their career (OR = 0.56; p-value: < .001), or were not adequately compensated (OR = 0.63; p-value: < .001), were more likely to leave the organization.Conclusions: Policy makers and health care managers should be aware of the different factors that are associated with RNs’ decision to leave the profession or an organization. Health care managers involved in the development of nurse retention strategies should address organizational leadership and consider development of comprehensive career development programs. Policy makers should consider allocating additional resources to ensure that RN workforce is of adequate size, is qualified, and is able to provide high quality care in the U.S..

scholarly journals A comparison of the Indian Diet with the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manika Sharma ◽  
Avinash Kishore ◽  
Devesh Roy ◽  
Kuhu Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food System ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Calorie Consumption ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background The 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission report recommends healthy diets that can feed 10 billion people by 2050 from environmentally sustainable food systems. This study compares food consumption patterns in India, from different income groups, regions and sectors (rural/urban), with the EAT-Lancet reference diet and highlights the deviations. Methods The analysis was done using data from the Consumption Expenditure Survey (CES) of a nationally representative sample of 0.102 million households from 7469 villages and 5268 urban blocks of India conducted by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in 2011-12. This is the most recent nationally representative data on household consumption in India. Calorie consumption (kcal/capita/day) of each food group was calculated using the quantity of consumption from the data and nutritional values of food items provided by NSSO. Diets for rural and urban, poor and rich households across different regions were compared with EAT-Lancet reference diet. Results The average daily calorie consumption in India is below the recommended 2503 kcal/capita/day across all groups compared, except for the richest 5% of the population. Calorie share of whole grains is significantly higher than the EAT-Lancet recommendations while those of fruits, vegetables, legumes, meat, fish and eggs are significantly lower. The share of calories from protein sources is only 6-8% in India compared to 29% in the reference diet. The imbalance is highest for the households in the lowest decile of consumption expenditure, but even the richest households in India do not consume adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables and non-cereal proteins in their diets. An average Indian household consumes more calories from processed foods than fruits. Conclusions Indian diets, across states and income groups, are unhealthy. Indians also consume excess amounts of cereals and not enough proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Importantly, unlike many countries, excess consumption of animal protein is not a problem in India. Indian policymakers need to accelerate food-system-wide efforts to make healthier and sustainable diets more affordable, accessible and acceptable.

scholarly journals Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Married Women’s HIV Status in India, National Family Health Survey- 3

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Tapati Dutta ◽  
S K Singh ◽  
Subrato K Mondal ◽  
Lopamudra Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Married Women ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
National Family ◽  
Women In India

<div><p><em>There are increasing concerns related to feminization of </em><em>human immunodeficiency virus</em><em> (HIV) in India especially its showing up among married women. Nuances of HIV related risk and vulnerability are myriad among them (married women) who are either oblivious to their partner’s risk behavior, unaware of their partners’ or own sero-status and often cannot negotiate safer sex. Dearth of evidence on HIV prevention programs indicating gendered outcomes further obscures the situation. </em><em>National Family Health Survey- 3 data of India were reviewed to identify </em><em>individual and familial correlates in their marital families, which </em><em>might be associated with the </em><em>HIV status among married women in India. </em><em>Bivariate and regression methods were used</em><em>. </em><em>Findings indicated key factors which </em><em>add to the vulnerability of married women’s risk-proneness to contract HIV. It calls </em><em>for more socio-behavioral and implem</em><em>entation research </em><em>addressing HIV transmission and prevention among married women in India, where typically the thrust has been mostly on HIV high risk populations like female sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men. </em></p></div>

scholarly journals MORBIDITY PATTERN OF HOSPITALIZATION AND ASSOCIATED OUT OF POCKET EXPENDITURE: EVIDENCE FROM NSSO (2017-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 138-155
Author(s):  
Amiya Saha ◽  
Dipti Govil
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Log Linear

In 2018, according to the National Sample Survey Report, the number of cases of hospitalization per 1000 persons in 365 days was 29 in India (26 per 1000 in rural and 34 per 1000 in urban areas). Between 2004 and 2014, for example, the average medical expenditure per hospitalization for urban patients increased by about 176%, and for rural patients, it jumped by a little over 160%.  Most of these hospitalizations are for infections, but a significant number also for treatment for cancer and blood-related diseases.  The increase in access to healthcare has also brought with it a massive spike in costs. India is rapidly undergoing an epidemiological transition with a sudden change in the disease profile of its population. This study aimed to analyze hospitalization due to different factors like age and morbidity and its effect on health care utilization from nationally representative data from 2018 among the total population of India.  75th round of National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) conducted in July 2017- June 2018 has been used to examine what are the determinant factors that affect the hospitalization and mean monthly disease-specific expenditure in the different age group populations in India. We have used cross-tabulation to understand the association between morbidity patterns and healthcare utilization with other socio-demographic variables.  A set of logistic regression analyses was carried out to understand the role of age patterns on hospitalization. A log-linear regression model was used to understand the significant predictors of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE).

The effect of the National Birth Defects Intervention Project on the prevention of congenital disabilities among children in China: a natural experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-714
Author(s):  
Chao Guo ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Congenital Disability

AbstractMost childhood disabilities are caused by congenital factors such as birth defects. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of periconceptional nutrition intervention on the prevention of congenital disability among Chinese children using the National Birth Defects Intervention Project as a natural experiment. We obtained individual-level data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability, a nationally representative survey, and 110 365 children born between September 1999 and August 2003 were included for analysis. Difference-in-differences estimates of the project effects on congenital disability were captured by exploiting temporal variation in the timing of project exposure across four birth cohorts along with geographical variation in project category at the province level. The findings contribute to an emerging body of evidence showing that prenatal micronutrient intervention before and during early pregnancy could substantially reduce the risk of congenital disability in childhood (OR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·94). The National Birth Defects Intervention Project improved the awareness of reproductive health and disability prevention in the population. It highlights the need for a potential policy change focusing on early-life health investment in China.

scholarly journals Dietary Iron Intake and Anemia Are Weakly Associated, Limiting Effective Iron Fortification Strategies in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Swaminathan ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
Jithin Sam Varghese ◽  
Harshpal S Sachdev ◽  
Anura V Kurpad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Vitamin B 12

ABSTRACT Background Anemia prevalence in India remains high despite preventive iron supplementation programs. Consequently, concurrent national policies of iron fortification of staple foods have been initiated. Objectives This study evaluated the relation between dietary iron intake and anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL) in women of reproductive age (WRA; 15–49 y) with respect to iron fortification in India. Methods Data from 2 national surveys were used. Data on hemoglobin in WRA were sourced from the National Family Health Survey-4, whereas dietary intakes were sourced from the National Sample Survey. Adjusted odds for anemia with increasing iron intake were estimated, along with the effect of modulating nutrients such as vitamins B-12 and C, from statistically matched household data from the 2 surveys. The risks of inadequate (less than the Estimated Average Requirement for WRA) and excess (more than the tolerable upper limit for WRA) intakes of iron were estimated by the probability approach. Results The relation between iron intake and the odds of anemia was weak (OR: 0.992; 95% CI: 0.991, 0.994); increasing iron intake by 10 mg/d reduced the odds of anemia by 8%. Phytate and vitamin B-12 and C intakes modified this relation by reducing the odds by 1.5% when vitamin B-12 and C intakes were set at 2 μg/d and 40 mg/d, respectively. The additional intake of 10 mg/d of fortified iron reduced the risk of dietary iron inadequacy from 24–94% to 9–39% across states, with no risk of excess iron intake. Approximately doubling this additional iron intake reduced the risk of inadequacy to 2–12%, but the risk of excess intake reached 22%. Conclusions Providing fortified iron alone may not result in substantial anemia reduction among WRA in India and could have variable benefits and risks across states. Geographically nuanced dietary strategies that include limited fortification and the intake of other beneficial nutrients should be carefully considered.

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