scholarly journals Stunting and Wasting Among Indian Preschoolers have Moderate but Significant Associations with the Vegetarian Status of their Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek D Headey ◽  
Giordano Palloni
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Self Reports

ABSTRACT Background India has high rates of child undernutrition and widespread lactovegetarianism. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine how nutrition outcomes varied among Indian preschool children in relation to the vegetarian status of their parents. Methods The 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey (NSS) were used to explore associations between parental vegetarian status and child stunting and wasting at ages 0–59 mo and anemia at ages 6–59 mo. In the NFHS, self-reports on usual consumption of foods were used to classify maternal diets, whereas in the NSS lactovegetarianism was defined at the household level. Results Compared with children of nonvegetarian mothers, children aged 24–59 mo of lactovegetarian mothers were 2.9 percentage points (95% CI: −4.0, −1.9) less likely to be stunted and children aged 6–23 mo were 1.6 points less likely to be wasted (95% CI: −3.0, −0.03), whereas children aged 6–23 mo with vegan mothers were 5.2 points more likely to be stunted (95% CI: 0.1, 9.4). When compared with nonvegetarian households, lactovegetarian households had better socioeconomic status and were more likely to consume dairy frequently. Children in nonvegetarian households consumed nondairy animal-sourced foods (ASFs) with relatively low frequency. The frequency of maternal dairy consumption was significantly associated with lower risks of child stunting and wasting. Conclusions Anthropometric outcomes differed by maternal vegetarian status, which is itself strongly associated with socioeconomic position, location, religion, and caste.

Households’ Toilet Facility in Rural India: Socio-spatial Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Marginal Improvement

The 2030 agenda on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlights the importance of sanitation and sets the Goal #6: ‘Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. While rural households in India have witnessed a marginal improvement in access to toilet facility in recent decades, they continue to face high levels of deprivation along with spatial and socio-economic disparities and exclusions, which have been highlighted in this article using data from Census of India, National Sample Surveys and Baseline Survey. Determinants of households having access to latrine facility in the house have been estimated using an econometric exercise and contribution of caste-based factors of the gap in access among various social groups have been estimated using decomposition technique on household-level information from National Sample Survey data. Households located in backward regions and belonging to the weaker sections of society, such as poor, wage labourers, Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes, have been found to be the most deprived and excluded. Thus, there is an urgent need to pace up the developmental efforts for rural sanitation to achieve the SDGs, along with complementary measures to focus on backward regions, weaker sections and socio-spatial position of households in rural India.

Poverty and Food Security: Trends Among Socio-religious Groups in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchanan Das ◽  
Anindita Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Food Insecure Households

This article analyses food insecurity, poverty risk and inequality in different castes and religious groups in India by utilizing National Sample Survey Organisation’s (NSSO) household-level information between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012. The article provides an assessment of the socio-economic characteristics of food-insecure households of the country, and it finds that the poverty risk estimated on the basis of relative poverty line increased both in rural and urban India between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012. The study finds that the likelihood of incidence of food security for the population increased, irrespective of social and religious groups. Food security was lower in Muslims than in Hindus. The relative degree of food security was significantly less among the tribal people compared to other social groups.

scholarly journals Stunting among Preschool Children in India: Temporal Analysis of Age-Specific Wealth Inequalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4702
Author(s):  
Sunil Rajpal ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
William Joe ◽  
S.V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Wealth Inequalities

Adequate nutritional intake for mothers during pregnancy and for children in the first two years of life is known to be crucial for a child’s lifelong physical and neurodevelopment. In this regard, the global nutrition community has focused on strategies for improving nutritional intake during the first 1000 day period. This is largely justified by the observed steep decline in children’s height-for-age z scores from birth to 23 months and presumed growth faltering at later ages as a reflection of earlier deprivation that is accumulated and irreversible. Empirical evidence on the age-stratified burden of child undernutrition is needed to re-evaluate the appropriate age for nutrition interventions to target among children. Using data from two successive rounds of National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2006 and 2016, the objective of this paper was to analyze intertemporal changes in the age-stratified burden of child stunting across socioeconomic groups in India. We found that child stunting in India was significantly concentrated among children entering preschool age (24 or above months). Further, the temporal reduction in stunting was relatively higher among children aged 36–47 months compared to younger groups (below 12 and 12–23 months). Greater socioeconomic inequalities persisted in stunting among children from 24 months or above age-groups, and these inequalities have increased over time. Children of preschool age (24 or above months) from economically vulnerable households experienced larger reductions in the prevalence of stunting between 2006 and 2016, suggesting that policy research and strategies beyond the first 1000 days could be critical for accelerating the pace of improvement of child nutrition in India.

scholarly journals Effect of Differences in Month and Location of Measurement in Estimating Prevalence and Trend of Wasting and Stunting in India in 2005–2006 and 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Madan ◽  
Edward A Frongillo ◽  
Sayeed Unisa ◽  
Laxmikant Dwivedi ◽  
Robert Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
National Family ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Negative Difference ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT Background Child undernutrition in India remains widespread. Data from the National Family Health Survey 3 and 4 (NFHS-3 and NFHS-4) suggest that wasting prevalence has increased while stunting prevalence has declined. Objective The objectives of this study were to do the following: 1) describe wasting and stunting by month of measurement in India in children <5 y of age in NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 surveys, and 2) test whether differences in the timing of anthropometric data collection and in states between survey years introduced bias in the comparison of estimates of wasting and stunting between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4. Methods Data on wasting and stunting for 42,608 and 232,744 children aged >5 y in the NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 survey rounds were analyzed. Differences in the prevalence of wasting and stunting by month of year and by state of residence were examined descriptively. Regression analyses were conducted to test the sensitivity of the estimate of differences in wasting and stunting prevalence across survey years to both state differences and seasonality. Results Examination of the patterns of wasting and stunting by month of measurement and by state across survey years reveal marked variability. When both state and month were adjusted, regardless of the method used to account for sample size, there was a small negative difference from 2005–2006 to 2015–2016 in the prevalence of wasting (−0.8 ± 0.6 percentage points; P = 0.2) and a negative difference in stunting prevalence (−8.3 ± 0.7 percentage points; P < 0.001), indicating a small bias for wasting but not for stunting in unadjusted analyses. Conclusions State and seasonal differences may have introduced bias to the estimated difference in prevalence of wasting between the survey years but did not do so for stunting. Future data collection should be designed to maximize consistency in coverage of both time and place.

scholarly journals Dietary Iron Intake and Anemia Are Weakly Associated, Limiting Effective Iron Fortification Strategies in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Swaminathan ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
Jithin Sam Varghese ◽  
Harshpal S Sachdev ◽  
Anura V Kurpad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Vitamin B 12

ABSTRACT Background Anemia prevalence in India remains high despite preventive iron supplementation programs. Consequently, concurrent national policies of iron fortification of staple foods have been initiated. Objectives This study evaluated the relation between dietary iron intake and anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL) in women of reproductive age (WRA; 15–49 y) with respect to iron fortification in India. Methods Data from 2 national surveys were used. Data on hemoglobin in WRA were sourced from the National Family Health Survey-4, whereas dietary intakes were sourced from the National Sample Survey. Adjusted odds for anemia with increasing iron intake were estimated, along with the effect of modulating nutrients such as vitamins B-12 and C, from statistically matched household data from the 2 surveys. The risks of inadequate (less than the Estimated Average Requirement for WRA) and excess (more than the tolerable upper limit for WRA) intakes of iron were estimated by the probability approach. Results The relation between iron intake and the odds of anemia was weak (OR: 0.992; 95% CI: 0.991, 0.994); increasing iron intake by 10 mg/d reduced the odds of anemia by 8%. Phytate and vitamin B-12 and C intakes modified this relation by reducing the odds by 1.5% when vitamin B-12 and C intakes were set at 2 μg/d and 40 mg/d, respectively. The additional intake of 10 mg/d of fortified iron reduced the risk of dietary iron inadequacy from 24–94% to 9–39% across states, with no risk of excess iron intake. Approximately doubling this additional iron intake reduced the risk of inadequacy to 2–12%, but the risk of excess intake reached 22%. Conclusions Providing fortified iron alone may not result in substantial anemia reduction among WRA in India and could have variable benefits and risks across states. Geographically nuanced dietary strategies that include limited fortification and the intake of other beneficial nutrients should be carefully considered.

scholarly journals Family structure and its impacts on the restrictions of self-perception of elderly health levels in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2751-2762
Author(s):  
Mércia Santos da Cruz ◽  
Jair Andrade Araujo ◽  
Adriano Nascimento da Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Physical Mobility ◽  
Elderly Health ◽  
Home Living ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the article is to investigate the impacts of co-residence over spouce and\or children on self-perceived health among Brazilian elderly. The database used was the health supplement of the National Sample Survey of Households (PNAD) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2008. The sample consists of 36 551 people from all regions of the country such as urban areas and rurals. The results indicate that seniors with better socioeconomic status, who don’t have physical mobility problems are more propenspos to a better self report among their health, regardless of the gender of the elderly. Regarding the impact of co-residence family health of respondents, living with daughters increases the probability that perception is better (specifically good or very good). Moreover,the results are consistent with the hypothesis that elderly brazilians realize better their health with home living with daughters and/or spouse.

scholarly journals Spread of Traditional Medicines in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
V. Raji Sugumar
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
Level Data ◽  
First Time

For the first time, we have a comprehensive database on usage of AYUSH (acronym for Ayurveda, naturopathy and Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) in India at the household level. This article aims at exploring the spread of the traditional medical systems in India and the perceptions of people on the access and effectiveness of these medical systems using this database. The article uses the unit level data purchased from the National Sample Survey Organization, New Delhi. Household is the basic unit of survey and the data are the collective opinion of the household. This survey shows that less than 30% of Indian households use the traditional medical systems. There is also a regional pattern in the usage of particular type of traditional medicine, reflecting the regional aspects of the development of such medical systems. The strong faith in AYUSH is the main reason for its usage; lack of need for AYUSH and lack of awareness about AYUSH are the main reasons for not using it. With regard to source of medicines in the traditional medical systems, home is the main source in the Indian medical system and private sector is the main source in Homeopathy. This shows that there is need for creating awareness and improving access to traditional medical systems in India. By and large, the users of AYUSH are also convinced about the effectiveness of these traditional medicines.

scholarly journals Trends in underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence and inequality among children under three in Indian states, 1993–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Karlsson ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
Rakesh Sarwal ◽  
K. S. James ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Family Health ◽  
State Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
National Family ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Annual Reduction

AbstractChild undernutrition remains high in India with far-reaching consequences for child health and development. Anthropometry reflects undernutrition. We examined the state-level trends in underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence and inequality by living standards using four rounds of the National Family Health Surveys in 26 states in India, conducted in 1992–1993, 1998–1999, 2005–2006, and 2015–2016. The average annual reduction (AAR) for underweight ranged from 0.04 percentage points (pp) (95% CI − 0.12, 0.20) in Haryana to 1.05 pp (95% CI 0.88, 1.22) in West Bengal for underweight; 0.35 pp (95% CI 0.11, 0.59) in Manipur to 1.47 (95% CI 1.19, 1.75) in Himachal Pradesh for stunting; and − 0.65 pp (95% CI − 0.77, − 0.52) in Haryana to 0.36 pp (95% CI 0.22, 0.51) in Bihar & Jharkhand for wasting. We find that change in the pp difference between children with the poorest and richest household living standards varied by states: statistically significant decline (increase) was observed in 5 (3) states for underweight, 5 (4) states for stunting, and 2 (1) states for wasting. Prevalence of poor anthropometric outcomes as well as disparities by states and living standards remain a problem in India.

scholarly journals Smoking trends among women in India: Analysis of nationally representative surveys (1993–2009)

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Goel ◽  
Jaya Prasad Tripathy ◽  
Rana J. Singh ◽  
Pranay Lal
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Family ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Smoking Trends ◽  
Women In India

Abstract Background: There is growing concern among policy makers with respect to alarming growth in smoking prevalence among women in the developing countries. Methods: Using disaggregated data from five nationally representative surveys: Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2010, National Family Health Survey-III (NFHS-III) 2004-2005, NFHS-II 1998-1999, National Sample Survey (NSS) 52 nd Round 1995-1996, NSS 50 th Round 1993-1994 we analysed female smoking trend from 1993-2009. Tobacco use among females was monitored for almost two decades focusing on gender, literacy, and state-specific trends among respondents aged >15 years. Results: Smoking use among women has doubled from 1.4% to 2.9% (P < 0.001) during the period 2005-2010. The prevalence of smoking increased with decrease in per capita State Gross Domestic Product and literacy status for both men and women. Conclusion: As the overall smoking prevalence grows, female smoking is growing at a faster rate than smoking among males, which is an emerging concern for tobacco control in India and requires the attention of policymakers.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Migration: Adapting to Crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Surendra Singh ◽  
Alka Singh ◽  
C. B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
And Migration

The present study is attempted to identify the determinants of migration in India. The National Sample Survey data of 64th round (July 2007-June 2008) was used and decoded to elicit household-level information. A multi-criteria approach was adapted to the analysis of the data. The study’s findings revealed that about 70% of migrated people are illiterate, while 57% of migrated people were agricultural laborers. The multi-criteria analysis results for permanent migration revealed that farmers belong to the rural area, having a land size less than two hectares, belonging to the Hindu religion, are likely to migrate permanently. Also, illiteracy, marital status, low consumption expenditure in rural areas, rainfall, and minimum temperature motivate farmer’s decision to adopt migration as an ultimate coping strategy against climate change. As far as grass-root policy interventions are concern, it is suggested that in rural areas, where unemployment has the main driver for migration, a proactive social protection programme, i.e., MGNREGA can be part of a proactive approach to managing climate-induced migration. Climate change as a cause of migration is uncertain and contextual. This necessitates the inclusivity of local populations in decision-making wherein their perceptions and responses are democratically represented and not merely channeled into participatory processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document