scholarly journals Demographic and histopathologic profile of pediatric brain tumors: A hospital-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Harshil C. Shah ◽  
Bhushan P. Ubhale ◽  
Jaimin K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract Background: Very few hospital-based or population-based studies are published in the context to the epidemiologic profile of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) in India and Indian subcontinent. Aim: To study the demographic and histopathologic profile of PBTs according to World Health Organization 2007 classification in a single tertiary health care center in India. Materials and Methods: Data regarding age, gender, topography, and histopathology of 76 pediatric patients (0–19 years) with brain tumors operated over a period of 24 months (January-2012 to December-2013) was collected retrospectively and analyzed using EpiInfo 7. Chi-square test and test of proportions (Z-test) were used wherever necessary. Results: PBTs were more common in males (55.3%) as compared to females (44.7%) with male to female ratio of 1.23:1. Mean age was 10.69 years. Frequency of tumors was higher in childhood age group (65.8%) when compared to adolescent age group (34.2%). The most common anatomical site was cerebellum (39.5%), followed by hemispheres (22.4%). Supratentorial tumors (52.6%) were predominant than infratentorial tumors (47.4%). Astrocytomas (40.8%) and embryonal tumors (29.0%) were the most common histological types almost contributing more than 2/3rd of all tumors. Craniopharyngiomas (11.8%) and ependymomas (6.6%) were the third and fourth most common tumors, respectively. Conclusion: Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas are the most common tumors among children and adolescents in our region, which needs special attention from the neurosurgical department of our institute. Demographic and histopathologic profile of cohort in the present study do not differ substantially from that found in other hospital-based and population-based studies except for slight higher frequency of craniopharyngiomas.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS IN TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN AND COMPARISON WITH INTERNATIONAL DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-92
Author(s):  
Muhammad Owais Qurni ◽  
Hassan Tariq ◽  
Hiba Tahir ◽  
Hafeez Ud Din ◽  
Hamza Mansur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
International Data ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Objective: To analyze the histological spectrum of pediatric brain tumors (PBT) in Pakistani population and to compare the results with international data. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2015 and Dec 2019. Methodology: This data was analyzed using the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Tumors of Central Nervous System 2016. The cases were divided in 5 categories according to age (0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11 & 12-14 years). Results: A total of 43 cases were included in the study. Of these cases, 26 (60.46%) were male and 17 (39.5%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1.5-1. The 6-8 year age group had the highest number of tumors while 0-2 year age group had the least. Mean age of diagnosis was 7.6 years. Ependymoma wasthe most common morphological type with 12 cases (28%) followed by pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse glioma with 10 cases each (23%) and medulloblastoma with 9 cases (21%). Least common tumor subtype was Ewing sarcoma. Ependymoma were mostly of grade 3 (64%), pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma were of grade 1 and grade 4 respectively by definition, and diffuse gliomas were mainly of grade 2 (57%) type. Conclusion: Ependymoma and pilocytic astrocytomaare the most frequent types of pediatric brain tumors in our region which follows the same trend as mentioned in western and regional literature.

Pediatric brain tumors: An analysis of 5 years of data from a tertiary cancer care center, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Madhavan ◽  
BP Kannabiran ◽  
AM Nithya ◽  
J Kani ◽  
P Balasubramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS IN COIMBATORE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Alok Dixit ◽  
◽  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
T.T. Pradeep ◽  
Pratibha Prabhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Meningeal Tumor ◽  
Childhood Malignancies ◽  
Tumor In Childhood ◽  
Histologic Types ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Background: Tumors of the nervous system are the second most common childhood tumors after leukemia,constituting approximately 35% of all childhood malignancies and remain the leading cause of cancer related deaths in children. In India,in the absence of a comprehensive population based national cancer registry,we depend on local hospital based registries for assessing the incidence of pediatric brain tumor.Hence,more and more institutional data are required to assess the actual disease load in India. Objective: The main objective of the present study is to assess the epidemiological patterns of brain tumors in children presenting in CMCH. Materials and Methods: Data regarding age,gender,topography and histopathology of 22 pediatric patients (0-18years)with brain tumors operated inCMCH over a period of 5 years(January 2015 to December 2019)was collected retrospectively and analysed. The results obtained were compared with available Indiandata and western literature. Results: Of 22 cases, males(63.6%) outnumbered females. In the present study, the most common anatomical site for brain tumors was cerebellum(45.5%) followed by cerebral hemispheres(36.2%), ventricles(13.6%) and sellar region(4.5%). The present study showed that Infratentorial tumors were more common (54.5%) as compared to Supratentorial tumors (45.5%).Thepresent study revealed that astrocytoma(36.4%) is the most common brain tumor in childhood. other common tumors include medulloblastoma(27.2%), followed by ependymoma(13.6%), oligodendroglioma(9%),pineal gland tumor(4.5%),craniopharyngioma(4.5%) and meningeal tumor(4.5%). Conclusion: From the present series, we conclude that, the frequencies of major histologic types of brain tumors found in the study do not differ substantially from that found in other developed and developing countries. Medulloblastomas and astrocytomas, which form the major histologic types in pediatric patients need special attention.

scholarly journals A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Siva Saranappa ◽  
Jennifer Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.

scholarly journals Study of seizures among pediatric age group (0-12 years) in tertiary health care center of a district of Maharashtra, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Saleem Hussain Miyan Tambe ◽  
Ismail Ali Farukh Ali Inamdar ◽  
Nasir Abdul Bari ◽  
Arvind Nilkanthrao Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Female Male Female

Background: Seizures represent the most distinctive signal of neurological disease in the newborn period and these convulsive phenomena are the most frequent of the overt manifestation of neonatal neurological disorders. Recognition and classification of seizures remain problematic; particularly when pediatricians rely only on clinical criteria. The objective of this study was to study the incidence of pediatrics (0-12 years) seizures. To study the etiology and pattern of seizures.Methods: 326 Subjects who had seizures were included in the study. Relevant history was ascertained from a patient’s parents or a reliable relative or attendant, medical records and the referring physicians note, specifically from mother in case of neonatal seizures i.e. age at onset of seizures, seizure activity with special emphasis on occurrence of 1st seizures, duration of seizures, number and type of seizures, associated autonomic changes, medications required to control seizures, response time to medications, and possible causes for determination of etiology. A detailed antenatal, natal and postnatal history was taken.Results: Out of 326 study subjects 117 (35.89%) were in neonatal age group, of which 75 (64.10%) and 42 (35.90%) were male and female respectively and 209 (64.11%) were beyond neonatal age, out of which 125 (59.8%) were male and 84 (40.2%) female. out of 117 neonatal seizures, 75 (64.10%) neonates were male and 42 (35.90%) were female. Male: Female ratio was 1.79:1. The seizures were common in male neonates. Subtle seizures were the commonest type of seizures observed both in term and preterm neonates.Conclusions: The various types of seizure were compared with the preterm and term neonates and it was found statistically significant (X2 = 5.06 d.f. = 4, p<0.05). The various causes of seizure were compared with the preterm and term neonates and it was found statistically significant (X2= 17.42 d.f. = 6 p<0.05).

scholarly journals A pediatric brain tumor atlas of genes deregulated by somatic genomic rearrangement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Zhang ◽  
Fengju Chen ◽  
Lawrence A. Donehower ◽  
Michael E. Scheurer ◽  
Chad J. Creighton
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Critical Pathways ◽  
Cis Regulation ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Pediatric Brain

AbstractThe global impact of somatic structural variants (SSVs) on gene expression in pediatric brain tumors has not been thoroughly characterised. Here, using whole-genome and RNA sequencing from 854 tumors of more than 30 different types from the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, we report the altered expression of hundreds of genes in association with the presence of nearby SSV breakpoints. SSV-mediated expression changes involve gene fusions, altered cis-regulation, or gene disruption. SSVs considerably extend the numbers of patients with tumors somatically altered for critical pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinases (KRAS, MET, EGFR, NF1), Rb pathway (CDK4), TERT, MYC family (MYC, MYCN, MYB), and HIPPO (NF2). Compared to initial tumors, progressive or recurrent tumors involve a distinct set of SSV-gene associations. High overall SSV burden associates with TP53 mutations, histone H3.3 gene H3F3C mutations, and the transcription of DNA damage response genes. Compared to adult cancers, pediatric brain tumors would involve a different set of genes with SSV-altered cis-regulation. Our comprehensive and pan-histology genomic analyses reveal SSVs to play a major role in shaping the transcriptome of pediatric brain tumors.

scholarly journals RONC-19. TWO CASES OF RE-IRRADIATION FOR LATE RECURRENT OR RADIATION-INDUCED TUMOR AFTER RADIATION THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii459-iii459
Author(s):  
Takashi Mori ◽  
Shigeru Yamaguchi ◽  
Rikiya Onimaru ◽  
Takayuki Hashimoto ◽  
Hidefumi Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Late Recurrence ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Suprasellar Region ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND As the outcome of pediatric brain tumors improves, late recurrence and radiation-induced tumor cases are more likely to occur, and the number of cases requiring re-irradiation is expected to increase. Here we report two cases performed intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. CASE 1: 21-year-old male. He was diagnosed with craniopharyngioma at eight years old and underwent a tumor resection. At 10 years old, the local recurrence of suprasellar region was treated with 50.4 Gy/28 fr of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). After that, other recurrent lesions appeared in the left cerebellopontine angle, and he received surgery three times. The tumor was gross totally resected and re-irradiation with 40 Gy/20 fr of SRT was performed. We have found no recurrence or late effects during the one year follow-up. CASE 2: 15-year-old female. At three years old, she received 18 Gy/10 fr of craniospinal irradiation and 36 Gy/20 fr of boost to the posterior fossa as postoperative irradiation for anaplastic ependymoma and cured. However, a anaplastic meningioma appeared on the left side of the skull base at the age of 15, and 50 Gy/25 fr of postoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy was performed. Two years later, another meningioma developed in the right cerebellar tent, and 54 Gy/27 fr of SRT was performed. Thirty-three months after re-irradiation, MRI showed a slight increase of the lesion, but no late toxicities are observed. CONCLUSION The follow-up periods are short, however intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors were feasible and effective.

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