A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.

Download Full-text

A study on clinical characteristics of herpes zoster in a tertiary care center

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20170081 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Rachana R. ◽

Shivaswamy K. N. ◽

Anuradha H. V.

Keyword(s):

Herpes Zoster ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Medical College ◽

Male To Female

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, derived from the Latin word Cingulum, for “girdle”. This is because a common presentation of HZ involves a unilateral rash that can wrap around the waist or torso like a girdle. HZ results due to reactivation of an earlier latent infection with the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in dorsal root ganglia. It occurs at all age groups, common over 60 years of age. It is estimated that in non-immune populations, approximately 15 cases per 1000 people occur per year. The objective of the study was to study the clinical characteristics in patients with uncomplicated herpes zoster.Methods: A total of 72 patients attending dermatology OPD at Ramaiah medical college between June 2013 to September 2014 were recruited after obtaining informed consent. A detailed history regarding onset of rash, pain, progression, duration and distribution of the lesions were recorded. Demographic information including age, sex, and any other co morbidities noted. Tzanck smear and serology for HIV was done where-ever necessary.Results: Of the 72 patients, females outnumbered males [M=35(48.61%), F=37 (51.39%)] with male to female ratio of 0.9 to 1. The mean age of presentation was 58±18 years. Majority of the patients (54%) were in the age group of 51 to 70 years followed by 31-50 years (25%). Least number of cases (9%) was in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Of the 72 subjects, thoracic involvement was noted in 30.6%, followed by lumbar (22%), and trigeminal (16%). Cervical (4%) and sacral (2%) involvement was the least. Conclusions: Herpes zoster commonly occurs in old age and the presenting symptom being pain and burning sensation. Thoracic dermatome is the commonest site. Immunocompromised states like diabetes, malignancy and HIV can increase the risk of developing herpes zoster.

Download Full-text

Pancreatic Surgery in the Older Population: A Single Institution’s Experience over Two Decades

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2016/8052175 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bhaumik Brahmbhatt ◽

Abhishek Bhurwal ◽

Frank J. Lukens ◽

Mauricia A. Buchanan ◽

John A. Stauffer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Resection ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Age Group ◽

Pancreatic Resections ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Younger Patient ◽

Two Age Groups

Objectives. Surgery is the most effective treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, present literature varies on outcomes of curative pancreatic resection in the elderly. The objective of the study was to evaluate age as an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality and complications after pancreatic resection. Methods. Nine hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent 934 pancreatic resections between March 1995 and July 2014 in a tertiary care center. Primary analyses focused on outcomes in terms of 90-day mortality and postoperative complications after pancreatic resection in these two age groups. Results. Even though patients aged 75 years or older had significantly more postoperative morbidities compared with the younger patient group, the age group was not associated with increased risk of 90-day mortality after pancreatic resection. Discussion. The study suggests that age alone should not preclude patients from undergoing curative pancreatic resection.

Download Full-text

The Burden of Laboratory-confirmed Influenza Infection in Lebanon Between 2008 and 2016: A single tertiary care center experience

10.21203/rs.2.22568/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aia Assaf-Casals ◽

Zeina Saleh ◽

Sarah Khafaja ◽

Danielle Fayad ◽

Hady Ezzeddine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Care Center ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

High Rate ◽

World Health ◽

Influenza B ◽

Age Group ◽

Tertiary Care Center

Abstract BACKGROUND: Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Following the 2009 pandemic, there was widened interest in studying influenza burden in all regions. However, since data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remain limited, we aimed to contribute to the understanding of influenza burden in Lebanon. METHODS: A retrospective chart review extending over a period of 8 seasons from Jan 1st, 2008 till June 30 th , 2016 at a tertiary care center in Beirut was performed. All cases confirmed to have influenza based on rapid antigen detection or/and polymerase chain reaction on a respiratory sample were included for analysis. Data on epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, antiviral use and mortality were collected for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1829 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were identified. Average annual positivity rate was 14% (positive tests over total requested). Both influenza A and B co-circulated in each season with predominance of influenza A. Influenza virus started circulating in December and peaked in January and February. The age group of 19-50 years accounted for the largest proportion of cases (22.5%) followed by the age group of 5-19 years (18%). Pneumonia was the most common complication reported in 33% of cases. Mortality reached 3.8%. The two extremes of age (<2 years and ≥ 65years) were associated with a more severe course of disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, complications, and mortality rate. Of all the identified cases, 26% were hospitalized. Moderate-to-severe disease was more likely in influenza B cases but no difference in mortality was reported between the two types. Antivirals were prescribed in 68.8% and antibiotics in 41% of cases. There seemed to be an increasing trend in the number of diagnosed and hospitalized cases over the years of the study. CONCLUSION: Patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza at our center had a high rate of hospitalization and mortality. A population based prospective surveillance study is needed to better estimate the burden of Influenza in Lebanon that would help formulate a policy on influenza control.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of melancholy in swat valley, Pakistan

MOJ Biology and Medicine ◽

10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 148-156

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorder ◽

Simple Formula ◽

Age Groups ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Complex Mechanism ◽

Depressed Individual ◽

Swat Valley ◽

Health Organization

Melancholy is major mental challenges that is characterize by sadness, sleep disorder, decrease energy, etc. It also have a great social and mental consequences, it is well know that depression will be the second largest cause of disability globally till 2020. The risk are even higher in developed countries. According to world health organization globally it effect more than 121 million people. Depression is a complex and multi-dimensional anarchy according to it has many faces and cannot be describing by one simple formula because it originate from numerous complex mechanism. Multi-faced nature of depression makes it difficult to find out its etiology. The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of melancholy in different age groups and genders in district Swat. Overall 300 samples were collected randomly across different age groups and genders in which we found the prevalence of melancholy were 48.3% in which male depressed individual were 27.6% while female depressed were 20.6%. The number of depressed individual were maximum in age group vary from 10-20 which is 15%. To conclude depression is easily manageable but it need understanding that how to control your feeling and thought and think new and positively.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology of fractures in indoor patients at a tertiary care centre in India: a study of 3000 cases

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20214958 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Mohan M. Desai ◽

Deven R. Kuruwa ◽

Easwar Elango ◽

Roshan Wade

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Control Measures ◽

Age Group ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Femur Fractures

Background: Implementing appropriate fracture control measures and treatment protocols is crucial to maximizing health and development gains. This requires an in depth understanding of age-specific, sex-specific and cause-specific injury patterns at the national and subnational levels. No such study on fracture epidemiology has been undertaken in the Indian population.Methods: Study was conducted in a tertiary care centre (KEM hospital, Mumbai) which is one of the highest volume trauma centres in the country. Data of 3000 patients was obtained from the medical records department for the year 2016-2019. Patients were segregated with respect to their genders and into three age groups. Etiology of fracture was noted, and fractures classified according to the anatomical area. Whether the patient received conservative or operative management was also recorded.Results: 43.83% of the fractures occurred in 18-50 years age group. 41.33% in the above 50 group and only 14.73% in the below 18 age group. Overall male to female ratio was 1.4: 1. Vehicular accident was the most common mode of injury (47.07%) followed by fall from height (21.03%). Proximal femur fractures were the most common accounting for 19.57% of all fractures followed by forearm (10.53%), tibia diaphysis (8.10%). Talus was the least common. 81.07% cases were managed operatively and 18.93% conserved.Conclusions: Our study highlights that Indian epidemiology is unique from our Western counterparts. Population affected is much younger, old age males are affected more than females. Lower limb fractures are more prevalent and road traffic accidents are responsible for almost half the fractures.

Download Full-text

Histopathology of Polyps and Cancer of Colorectum: A ten years study from a tertiary care center

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v14i2.38385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 100-106

Author(s):

Binita Goyal

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Care Center ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Older Age ◽

Histologic Grade ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Pathologic Stage ◽

Male Female Ratio

Introduction and objectives: Polyps and colorectal cancer have overlapping clinical presentation and may be difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and close clinicopathological correlation is required for correct diagnosis and management. This study was aimed to see the spectrum of polyps and cancer in colorectum, see the percentage of colorectal cancer in younger individuals, see association between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation and compare site of tumor and pathologic stage at presentation in younger and older age group. Methods: This study was carried out on 138 consecutive cases of polyps and malignant lesions of colorectum during a time period of 10 years from January 2011 to December 2020. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 2 – 90 years with mean 45.1 years and a male female ratio 2:1. There were 58 (42.0%) cases of polyps and 80 (58.0%) cases of malignancies. 37 (46.3%) malignancy cases were seen in individuals ≤ 50 years of age. Most common site of involvement was rectum in 80 (58.0%) cases. Most common non-neoplastic polyp was retention polyp comprising 25 (67.6%) and most common neoplastic polyp was adenoma comprising of 18 (85.7%) cases. Most common malignancy was adenocarcinoma comprising 75 (93.8%) cases. Conclusion: Significant number of malignancies is seen in younger individuals stressing the need for suspicion and surveillance in this age group. Histologic grade is an important prognostic parameter and there is no difference in site of tumor and stage at presentation between younger and older age group.

Download Full-text

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Early Travel-Associated COVID-19 Cases

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.573925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Reham M. Marei ◽

Mohamed M. Emara ◽

Omar M. Elsaied ◽

Gheyath K. Nasrallah ◽

Tawanda Chivese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Data ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

World Health ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization ◽

Male To Female

Background: SARS-CoV-2 continues to claim hundreds of thousands of people's lives. It mostly affects the elderly and those with chronic illness but can also be fatal in younger age groups. This article is the first comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and clinical outcomes of the travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases until April 19, 2020.Methods: Demographic and clinical data of travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected for the period between January 16, 2020 and April 19, 2020. More than one hundred and eighty databases were searched, including the World Health Organization (WHO) database, countries' ministries websites, and official media sites. Demographic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed.Results: A total of 1,186 cases from 144 countries meeting the inclusion criteria were reported and included in the analysis. The mean age of the cases was 44 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Travel-associated cases originated from more than 40 countries, with China, Italy, and Iran reporting the highest numbers at 208, 225, and 155, respectively. Clinical symptoms varied between patients, with some reporting symptoms during the flights (117 cases; 9.87%). A total of 312 (26.31%) cases were hospitalized, of which 50 cases (4.22%) were fatal.Conclusion: Major gaps exist in the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of the COVID-19 travel-associated cases due to a lack of reporting and sharing data of many counties. The identification and implementation of methodologies for measuring traveler's risk to coronavirus would help in minimizing the spread of the virus, especially in the next waves.

Download Full-text

Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Elderly PLHIV Attending a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) ◽

10.1177/2325957417742672 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 620-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deepak Madi ◽

Neha Ramakrishnan ◽

Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽

John Ramapuram ◽

Basavaprabhu Achappa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Age Group ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Route Of Transmission

Background: Physicians are coming across a considerable number of HIV-positive patients belonging to older age-group, in practice. They pose a challenge as they might present with advanced forms and comorbid conditions. We aimed to describe the clinicoepidemiological profile of elderly people living with HIV. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. We analyzed the record of 120 patients from 2009 to 2014. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients. Results: Of 786 HIV-positive patients, 120 were elderly. Mean age was 55.9 ± 6.1 years. Majority 68% were male. In all, 63.33% were male. Commonest route of transmission was heterosexual intercourse, most presented at World Health Organization (WHO) stage 1 (64.17%). In all, 77.5% had hypertension and 26.6% had tuberculosis. The median CD4 count at presentation was 245 cells/mm3 (145-426 cells/mm3). Forty-two percent were late presenters (CD4 <200 cells/mm3). Conclusion: Treating physician should have a high index of suspicion in diagnosing HIV among elderly age-group.

Download Full-text

Dental caries prevalence among 12–15-year-olds in Lithuania between 1983 and 2005

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina45010010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 68 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Simona Milčiuvienė ◽

Eglė Bendoraitienė ◽

Vilija Andruškevičienė ◽

Julija Narbutaitė ◽

Jurgina Sakalauskienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

World Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Number Of Children ◽

T Score ◽

Health Organization

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of prevalence and severity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in six regions of Lithuania. Material and methods. A total of 5910 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 years were examined. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria of World Health Organization. The prevalence of dental caries was calculated by dividing the number of children with caries by the number of all children examined and expressed as percentage. Severity of dental caries was described by DMF-T index. DMF-T indices of individual persons as well as each age group were determined. Oral hygiene was evaluated by a simplified oral hygiene index. Fluoride concentration in Kretinga was 1.6–2.2 ppm; in the other regions, it varied between 0.2 to 0.4 ppm. Results. The prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-olds was 88.4% in 1983 and 85.5% in 2005; among 15-year-olds, it was 95.5% and 92.9%, respectively. Mean DMF-T score decreased from 4.5 (in 1983) to 3.7 (in 2005) among 12-year-olds and from 6.4 (in 1983) to 5.6 (in 2005) among 15-year-olds. Oral hygiene index decreased from 1.69 in 1983 to 1.34 in 2005 among 12-year-olds and from 1.46 to 1.22 among 15-year-olds, respectively. Conclusions. A tendency towards decrease in the prevalence and severity of dental caries was observed, when caries prevention program was running. Correlation between oral hygiene and DMF-T was observed in both age groups. Decreased prevalence and intensity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-olds were associated with improved oral hygiene, usage of fluoride toothpaste, and fluoride content in drinking water.

Download Full-text