Correlation between FNAC and Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions

Objective: To observe the correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Histopathology in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Methods:It was a Retrospective record review study .One hundred four (104) Patients with enlarged thyroid gland of both sexes were selected from admitted patients of National institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Duration was from January 2017 to December 2018. Every patients had preoperative FNAC & postoperative histopathology report of thyroid lesions. Results: FNACdiagnosis of thyroid lesions were correlated with histopathology diagnosis. Out of 104 patients 26 were male 78 were female. Male-Female ratio were 1:3.out of 104 patients most Patients were 31 to 40 years of ageGroup.out of 104 cases of FNAC 9 cases were false Cyto-diagnosis. Overall accuracy rate was 91.35%. Conclusion: FNAC is a reliable, safe and relatively accurate method as apreoperative evaluationin thyroid gland swelling before surgery. FNAC has more accuracy in detecting thyroid gland malignancy and therefore it is a reliable diagnostic test for evaluation of thyroid swelling. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2021; 27(1): 81-85

Efficacy of amiodarone in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease in Bangladesh

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are among the most feared complications of coronary artery disease (CAD) and one of the major contributors of death in CAD patients. Antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy is required for recurrent significant VA in the absence of need for further revascularization. But all AADs do not have the same efficacy against life threatening VA and supraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs). Methodology: All (50) patients admitted in the department of Cardiology, BSMMU with ventricular arrhythmias with CAD fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Informed written consent was taken from each patient before enrollment. Detailed history was taken and relevant physical examinations were done. Loading dose followed by maintenance dose of amiodarone was given and recorded. Relevant lab investigations were performed and recorded in predesigned semi-structured data collection sheet. Symptomatic improvement was assessed, relevant physical examination was done and lab investigations were performed at 1, 3 and 6 month follow up. After editing data analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 windows software. Results: The mean age was found 57.7±8.0 years with a range of 45 to 78 years. Almost two third (62.0%) patients were male and 19(38.0%) patients were female. Male female ratio was 1.6:1. Almost three fourth (74.0%) patients had chest pain, 15(30.0%) had palpitation and 11(22.0%) had shortness of breath. Two third (66.0%) patients had hypertension, 23(46.0%) had dyslipidemia, 17(34.0%) had smoking and 9(18.0%) had diabetes mellitus. Twenty nine (58.0%) patients had family history of IHD. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to baseline. Regarding arrhythmia, 45(90.0%) patients was found to have PVC in baseline and 3(6.4%) at 6th month. The reduction of PVC and VT at six month were statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to baseline. Regarding outcome 2(4.1%) patients died, one patient dropped out due to thyroid dysfunction and 47 were alive. Conclusion: In conclusion it was found that different forms of ventricular arrhythmias like PVCs, VT were significantly reduced gradually with amiodarone therapy at 6th month follow up. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.2, October, 2020, Page 158-164

Sex differences in vocalizations to familiar or unfamiliar females in mice

Mice, both wild and laboratory strains, emit ultrasound to communicate. The sex differences between male to female (male–female) and female to female (female–female) ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been discussed for decades. In the present study, we compared the number of USVs emitted to familiar and unfamiliar females by both males (male–female USVs) and females (female–female USVs). We found that females vocalized more to unfamiliar than to familiar females. By contrast, males exhibited more USVs to familiar partners. This sexually dimorphic behaviour suggests that mice change their vocal behaviour in response to the social context, and their perception of the context is based on social cognition and memory. In addition, because males vocalized more to familiar females, USVs appear to be not only a response to novel objects or individuals, but also a social response.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON SEIZURES AMONG PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Seizures represent signal of neurological disease in the newborn period and these convulsive phenomena are the most frequent of the overt manifestation of neonatal neurological disorders.. The objective of this study was to study the incidence of pediatrics (0-12 years) seizures. To study the etiology and pattern of seizures. Methods: 200 Subjects who had seizures were included in the study. Relevant history was ascertained from a patient’s parents or a reliable relative or attendant, medical records and the referring physicians note, specifically from mother in case of neonatal seizures i.e. age at onset of seizures, seizure activity with special emphasis on occurrence of 1st seizures, duration of seizures, number and type of seizures, associated autonomic changes, medications required to control seizures, response time to medications, and possible causes for determination of etiology. A detailed antenatal, natal and postnatal history was taken. Results: Out of 200 study subjects 35.89% were in neonatal age group, of which 64.10% and 35.90% were male and female respectively and 64.11%. out of neonatal seizures, 64.10% neonates were male and 35.90% were female. Male: Female ratio was 1.79:1. The seizures were common in male neonates. Subtle seizures were the commonest type of seizures observed both in term and preterm neonates. Conclusions: The various types of seizure were compared with the preterm and term neonates and it was found statistically significant

Sex differences in vocalizations to familiar or unfamiliar females in mice

Mice, both wild and laboratory strains, emit ultrasound to communicate. The sex differences between male to female (male–female) and female to female (female– female) ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been discussed for decades. In the present study, we compared the number of USVs emitted to familiar and unfamiliar females by both males (male–female USVs) and females (female–female USVs). We found that females vocalized more to unfamiliar than to familiar females. In contrast, males exhibited more USVs to familiar partners. This sexually dimorphic behavior suggests that mice change their vocal behavior in response to the social context, and their perception of the context is based on social cognition and memory. In addition, because males vocalized more to familiar females, USVs appear to be not just a response to novel things or individuals, but also to be a social response.

Hypocalcaemia after Total Thyroidectomy

Objective: To determine whether postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy is more frequent in malignant disease than benign disease. Methods: This is a Cross sectional study. The sample size is 126. All the patients were selected according to the eligibility criteria by purposive sampling. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, thyroid pathology, preoperative serum calcium, postoperative serum calcium. Results: Postoperative hypocalcemia was found in 37 (29.37%) patients. Most patients were female (Male: Female= 1: 4.2). Patients having low preoperative serum calcium had developed more postoperative hypocalcemia (p<0.03). Postoperative hypocalcemia was associated with thyroid pathology (p<0.009) and age (p<0.006), not associated with sex (p<0.907). In multivariate analysis very little association between malignant disease and postoperative hypocalcemia was found (p<0.07). Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy is 29.4% that is higher than the anticipated but is comparable to other published series. For total thyroidectomy surgeons should be aware of postoperative hypocalcemia but prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplement is not mandatory in all cases. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2019; 25(1): 19-27

Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients of Tonsillitis attended in OPD of a district level Hospital

Aim: To find out the tonsillitis patients and also find out its sociodemographic characteristics in district level of Bangladesh. Method: This was a prospective cross sectional study, which was carried in out patients of tonsillitis attended in OPD of 250 Bedded General Hospital, Gopalganj. All the patients of acute tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy were selected from OPD irrespective of sex during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Age ranges from 0-90 years and person residents of Gopalganj and adjacent districts. Result: In this study 45.54% were male and 54.46% were female. Male female ratio 1:1.2.Majority of patients were age group 0-15 years (55.97%) Mean age of patient 45 years. Maximum family had monthly income TK 10,000 to 20,000 and maximum patients were dependent (30%) 5-6 family members were highest group, 60% patients lived in katcha house, 75% lived in rural area 35% patients used to bath in pond and majority of patients primary and JSC qualification. The majority of signs and symptoms were sore throat (100%), red, swollen tonsil (26%); white pus filled spots on the tonsil (38%); swollen lymph node in neck (60%) and bad breath (halitosis) (38%). Conclusion: Tonsillitis is still high in rural area of our country and commonly found in younger age group. Thus improvement of related socioeconomic factors, health awareness campaign, improved health education and early accessibility can reduce the incidence of disease. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2017; 23(2): 180-186

Association between rankl [RS9594759] and IL10 [RS1800896] Genes polymorphism and deciduous tooth eruption terms in Ukrainians born macrosomic

The aim: The article deals with analyzing the influence of polymorphic variants of CYP19A1 [rs2414096, rs936306], ESR1 [rs2234693, rs9340799], IL1 [rs1143627], IL6 [rs1800796], IL10 [rs1800896] and RANKL [rs959389] genes on deciduous tooth eruption terms in individuals born macrosomic. Materials and methods: 171 individuals participated in the multi-stage study (144 macosomic-at-birth individuals and 27 normosomic-at-birth persons). This study included only persons who have preserved information about the timing of deciduous tooth eruption – 159 persons (aged from 4 to 55 years), male and female (male / female ratio was 1.5 / 1). Results and conclusions: The presence of the G allele in CYP19A1 [rs2414096] gene and the -351 A allele in ESR1 [rs9340799] gene were found to be risk factors for fetal macrosomia formation. The research revealed an association of RANKL [rs9594759] gene variants which is a multiplicative model of inheritance and IL-10 [rs1800896], an over-dominant model of inheritance, with an increased risk of tooth delay. Besides the variants of RANKL [rs9594759] and IL-10 [rs1800896] genes a multidirectional modifying effect on the timing of tooth eruption in macrosomic-at-birth individuals made the variant of CYP19A1 [rs2414096] gene – a significant dominant and over-dominant model of inheritance. Further analysis of intergenic interactions will facilitate the application of the obtained results in clinical practice by creating a molecular profile of individuals with deviations in the tooth eruption timing.

Role of Multidetector Computerised Tomography in Evaluation of Proptosis

Introduction: Proptosis is defined as bulging of eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Our main objective was to analyze the pattern of computerised tomographic findings in evaluation of proptosis. Computerised tomography (CT) is noninvasive, easily accessible, affordable and reliable imaging which helps in early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study of total 58 patients presenting with proptosis referred to our department of radiology for computerised tomography evaluation during one year period were undertaken into study. The clinical information provided by ophthalmologist also helped our study to derive into conclusion. SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical data analysis. Results: Out of 58 patients, the most common cause of proptosis was neoplasm constituting of 25 cases (43.1%). Retinoblastoma was the commonest orbital tumor. Out of remaining cases, 15 (25.8%) were infective, 14 (24.1%) were inflammatory, two (3.44%) were traumatic and remaining two cases (3.44%) had no definitive cause for proptosis. Bilateral proptosis was commonly associated with thyroid ophthalmopathy. Among the subjects 32 were male, 26 were female. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.23. Age group was ranging from 1 month to 73 years.Mean age was 26.4 ± 22 years. Conclusions: Computerised tomography has an important role in distinguishing the different types of lesions based on their characteristics, location and extension prior to undertaking definitive surgical and medical treatment. Overall accuracy of CT in our study was 81%, sensitivity of 82.6%, specificity of 80.6%, positive predictive value of 76% and negative predictive value of 86.2%.

Manual anal dilatation for the treatment of chronic anal fissures: our experience

Background: In this study we aim to present our experience in managing chronic anal fissures by manual anal dilatation in order to clarify whether this method is still viable in a modern surgical setup.Methods: A total of 55 patients who underwent manual anal dilatation for chronic anal fissures from March 2016 till March 2017 were studied prospectively.Results: 43 of the 55 patients were male and 12 were female (male: female=3.58: 1), aged between 20 to 60 years. The fissure was posterior at 6 o'clock position in 44 patients (80%) and anterior at 12 o'clock position in 8 patients (14.5%). Mean duration of hospital stay was 1.5 days. At the end of 6 weeks post op, only 37 patients (67.3%) were symptom free with the remaining 18 patients (32.7%) having complications. Among the complications, the commonest was ulcer persistence in 12 patients (21.8%). 3 patients had incontinence for flatus (5.5%), 2 had recurrence of ulcer (3.6%) and 1 had incontinence for faeces (1.8%). Mortality was 0%.Conclusions: Anal fissure is a common benign ano-rectal condition. Once chronicity is established, it is difficult to treat and almost always warrants surgical management. Although manual anal dilatation is a simple and easy procedure, it is associated with significant rates of complication. For long term definitive treatment, manual anal dilatation should be abandoned completely in favour of other surgical techniques like lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy.