scholarly journals Socio-demographic factors associated with HIV prevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in six Southern States of India: Evidences from the latest round of HIV sentinel surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Elangovan Arumugam ◽  
Santhakumar Aridoss ◽  
Nagaraj Jaganathasamy ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Manikandan Natesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection among Pregnant Women in Odisha State, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Aridoss Santhakumar ◽  
Malathi Mathiyazhakan ◽  
Nagaraj Jaganathasamy ◽  
Balsubramanian Ganesh ◽  
N Manikandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Agricultural Laborers ◽  
Antenatal Clinics

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in HIV prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Odisha State, India. Methods: Data were from the HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) among pregnant women, a descriptive cross-sectional study using consecutive sampling method and conducted in India. Data and samples were collected from pregnant women attending select antenatal clinics that act as designated sentinel sites in Odisha State, India, during the three months surveillance period and in three surveillance years: 2013, 2015, and 2017. All eligible pregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years, attending the sentinel sites for the first time during the surveillance period, were included. Information on their socio-demographic characteristics and blood samples were also collected. Results: In total, 38,384 eligible pregnant women were included in the survey. Of these, 107 women were HIV positive, with an overall prevalence of 0.28%. HIV prevalence indicated a stabilizing trend between 2013 and 2017. However, pregnant women whose spouses were non-agricultural laborers, truck drivers, or migrants were significantly at higher risk of being infected. Likewise, HIV prevalence significantly increased over the years among pregnant women whose spouses were in the service sector (government or private). District-wise fluctuations in HIV prevalence was observed, with the district of Cuttack recording the highest prevalence among the districts. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Women who are spouses of non-agricultural laborers, truck drivers or migrants need focused interventions, such as creating awareness on HIV and its prevention. Migration, due to poverty and its impact on sexually transmitted diseases among migrants from low and middle-income countries, have been documented globally. Single male migrant specific interventions are recommended to halt the disease progression among pregnant women and general population in Odisha, India. Key words: • HIV sentinel surveillance • Pregnant women • HIV prevalence • Socio-demographic factor • Odisha • India   Copyright © 2020 Santhakumar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unre-stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

Factors Associated with Distribution of Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia Among Rural and Urban Women in Child Bearing Age – A Case of Mbala General Hospital, Northern Province, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Daniel Sinkala
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Preeclampsia and eclampsia cases continue to rise in northern Zambia as people search for babies and continuity of clans’ survival. Due to the competitive nature of cultural demands/ myths on pregnancy and maternal socio-demographic factors (low-age, low socio-economic status, and poor health-seeking behaviour), women in rural prefer unprofessional primary health care services that are presumably affordable to them thereby, delaying in seeking for professional healthcare services. High levels of poverty in resource-limited areas have put many female adolescents at risk of falling pregnant. Thus, this study probed on the interaction between these maternal socio-demographic factors and disease distribution in both rural and urban areas with respect to various pregnancy outcomes. The study used retrospective quantitative methods in eliciting information from data sources (women, registers) in Mbala, Mpulungu, Senga, and Mungwi districts covering 3-year period (2017-2019). In all, 202 female respondents from Northern Zambia were interviewed through self-administered questionnaires. Thereafter, data were analysed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS v16). Findings indicate severe; socio-economic status and low maternal age affect pre-eclampsia disease distribution coupled with adverse pregnancy outcomes more in rural than urban areas. The better the socio-demographic conditions, the lower the disease distribution with good pregnancy outcomes. However, worsening maternal socio-demographic conditions may increase the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women of northern Zambia. The study recommended interventions tarred towards public health programmes such as social behaviour change and communication (SBCC) towards adolescent women and socio-economic empowerment of pregnant women in resource-limited areas. Keywords: Average ANC timing, Preeclampsia, Residency, Socio-economic, Teenage pregnancy.

scholarly journals Suboptimal HIV status ascertainment at antenatal clinics and the impact on HIV prevalence estimates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatihiyya Wangara ◽  
Janne Estill ◽  
Hillary Kipruto ◽  
Kara Wools-Kaloustian ◽  
Wendy Chege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
List Type ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Antenatal Clinics

AbstractIntroductionHIV prevalence estimates is a key indicator to inform the coverage and effectiveness of HIV prevention measures. Many countries including Kenya transitioned from sentinel surveillance to the use of routine antenatal care data to estimate the burden of HIV. Countries in Sub Saharan Africa reported several challenges of this transition, including low uptake of HIV testing and sub national / site-level differences in HIV prevalence estimates.MethodsWe examine routine data from Kwale County, Kenya, for the period January 2015 to December 2019 and predict HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal care (ANC) at 100% HIV status ascertainment. We estimate the bias in HIV prevalence estimates as a result of imperfect uptake of HIV testing and make recommendations to improve the utility of ANC routine data for HIV surveillance. We used a generalized estimating equation with binomial distribution to model the observed HIV prevalence as explained by HIV status ascertainment and region (Sub County). We then used marginal standardization to predict the HIV prevalence at 100% HIV status ascertainment.ResultsHIV testing at ANC was at 91.3%, slightly above the global target of 90%. If there was 100% HIV status ascertainment at ANC, the HIV prevalence would be 2.7% (95% CI 2.3-3.2). This was 0.3% lower than the observed prevalence. Similar trends were observed with yearly predictions except for 2018 where the HIV prevalence was underestimated with an absolute bias of -0.2%. This implies missed opportunities for identifying new HIV infections in the year 2018.ConclusionsImperfect HIV status ascertainment at ANC overestimates HIV prevalence among women attending ANC in Kwale County. However, the use of ANC routine data may underestimate the true population prevalence. There is need to address both community level and health facility level barriers to the uptake of ANC services.Key questionsWhat is already known?▪HIV surveillance estimates from antenatal clinics (ANC) can serve as a useful proxy for HIV prevalence trends in the general female population.▪Kenya has conducted multiple studies which have shown that national HIV prevalence estimates from sentinel surveillance and those from routine program data to be similar.▪However, these studies have also revealed ongoing challenges to the suitability of using routine data as compared to sentinel surveillance including sub optimal uptake of HIV testing and sub national/ site-level differences in HIV prevalence estimates.What are the new findings?▪HIV positive pregnant women are more likely to be tested at ANC as compared to HIV negative women, leading to higher HIV prevalence estimates among women attending ANC.▪Health facility level HIV prevalence estimates are lower than that of the general population.What do the new findings imply?▪HIV positive women are underrepresented in antenatal clinics.▪In Kwale County (and similar contexts), use of routine ANC data is still not a reliable method to estimate HIV prevalence, both at facility and community level.

scholarly journals Prevalence and maternal socio-demographic factors associated with stillbirth in health facilities in Anambra, South-East Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3055-3062
Author(s):  
Nonye E Anyichie ◽  
Evelyn N Nwagu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Stillbirth is a major adverse perinatal outcome especially in low and middle income countries across the globe. Certain factors relating to mothers from such countries may be associated with this adverse condition.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of stillbirth and also explore the maternal socio-demographic factors associated with stillbirth among mothers in rural communities in Anambra Central Senatorial District of Anambra State Nigeria who gave birth between January 2012 and December 2016.Methods: All case files of mothers who were delivered of their babies were accessed at the sampled health facilities in the district. Data were collected using a structured proforma. A total of 313 stillbirth cases were recorded across the health facilities from 2012-2016.Results: The highest prevalence of stillbirth was recorded in 2012 (38.07 per 1,000 total births). The prevalence of stillbirth was significantly associated with the maternal level of education, occupation, age and type of health facility the mother utilized (p<0.05).Conclusions: We recommend that women empowerment should be a priority at both family and community levels to enable women to seek and obtain necessary care during pregnancy and delivery.Keywords: Stillbirth; mothers; prevalence; health facilities.

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