Fetus papyraceus—A surprise finding in a “normal” placenta

Two different cell lines (Be-Wo and Jar) of human gestational choriocarcinoma have been maintained in continuous tissue culture for a period of four and two years respectively without losing the ability to elaborate human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Tissue cultures, as revealed by electron microscopy, consisted of small cells with single nuclei. In some instances cell surfaces were provided with microvilli but more often the intercellular spaces were narrow and bridged by desmosomes. However, syncytium was not formed. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was poorly developed in both cell lines, except in some Be-Wo cells it was prominent. Golgi complex, lysosomes and numerous free ribosomes, as well as excessive cytoplasmic glycogen, were present in all cells (Fig. 1). Glycogen depletion and concomitant increase of ER were observed in many cells following a single dose of 10 ugm/ml of adrenalin added to medium (Fig. 2).

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Selective Augmentation of Cellular hCG^|^alpha;mRNA Levels and Immunoreactive hCG^|^alpha; Secretion by 17^|^beta;-Estradiol in Normal Placenta

Folia Endocrinologica Japonica ◽

10.1507/endocrine1927.62.12_1352 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 1352-1361

Author(s):

Hiroya MATSUO ◽

Takeshi MARUO ◽

Makoto HOSHINA ◽

Matsuto MOCHIZUKI

Keyword(s):

Mrna Levels ◽

Normal Placenta

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Normal placenta: gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging.

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiology.205.2.9356634 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 205 (2) ◽

pp. 493-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

H B Marcos ◽

R C Semelka ◽

S Worawattanakul

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Dynamic Mr Imaging ◽

Dynamic Mr ◽

Normal Placenta

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A study of histological changes of human placenta in rural population of eastern India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183331 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 3280

Author(s):

Mrinal Kanti Karmakar ◽

Sambit Kar ◽

S. M. Kumar ◽

Subir Kumar Chattopadhyay ◽

L. K. Vaid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Umbilical Cord ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Histological Study ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Eastern India ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Endothelial Proliferation ◽

Umbilical Cord Insertion ◽

Normal Placenta

Background: Placenta is essential for maintenance of pregnancy and for promoting normal growth and development of fetus. It forms the morphological record of anatomical condition, intrauterine events and intrapartum events of gestation. Present study has been undertaken to record the data on the morphology and histology of placenta from mothers with hypertension and diabetes.Methods: This study showed several significant morphological and histological differences in the placenta of the mother with GDM and hypertensive placenta. The histological study of the placenta was done under microscope and number of syncytial knots, cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, fibrinoid necrosis, endothelial proliferation, calcified and hyalinised villous spots were noted per low power field in the diabetics and hypertensive group in comparison to control group.Results: All other parameters including area, thickness, diameter, and circumference of GDM placenta show a significant increase when compared with normal placenta. The gross anatomic features of placentae e.g infarcted areas, calcified areas and marginal insertion of the umbilical cord in the study group show significant increase in value (p>0.01) in diabetic and hypertensive groups when compared to that of the control or normal group.Conclusions: In present study we found that hypertensive placentae tend to be slightly smaller in size, weight, volume, area, thickness, diameter, circumference and feto-placental ratio than normal placentae but the parameters were found to be significantly greater than that of normal placentae in case of diabetic placentae. No significant differences were found in umbilical cord insertion. In normal pregnancy cases we found several histological findings which were increased in hypertensive and diabetic cases.

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Morphological Changes of Placenta in Preeclampsia

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.3329/bja.v7i1.3026 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Segupta Kishwara ◽

Shamim Ara ◽

Khandaker Abu Rayhan ◽

Mahamuda Begum

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Medical College ◽

Group A ◽

Different Shapes ◽

The Difference ◽

To Come ◽

Group B ◽

Larger Sample ◽

Normal Placenta ◽

Human Placentae

Context: Preeclampsia is regarded as a risk factor in pregnancy and it leads to placental insufficiency. This, in turn causes both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The present study intends to compare the morphological changes of placenta in preeclampsia with that of normal placenta. Study design: A descriptive type of study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from August 2005 to June 2006. Materials: 60 human placentae, 30 were from normal pregnant women as control and 30 from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia were taken for this study. Method: Samples were grouped as Group A and Group B on the basis of presence or absence of preeclampsia. All samples were studied morphologically. Result: Different shapes of placenta were found with some having accessory lobes in both groups. There was significant reduction (p< 0.001) in diameter and volume of placenta in Group B. The thickness of placenta was reduced in Group B but the difference did not reach a significant level. The number of cotyledon was significantly reduced in Group B (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the preeclamptic placentae underwent definite morphological changes. These changes seemed to be the result of insufficiency of placenta in preeclampsia. However, further histological and morphometric placental study in a larger sample has to be conducted to come up with a conclusive decision. Key Words: Placenta, Preeclampsia, Morphology. doi: 10.3329/bja.v7i1.3026 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2009, Vol. 7 No. 1 pp. 49-54

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Modulation of Wolframin Expression in Human Placenta during Pregnancy: Comparison among Physiological and Pathological States

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/985478 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela Lucariello ◽

Angelica Perna ◽

Carmine Sellitto ◽

Alfonso Baldi ◽

Alessandro Iannaccone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Placenta ◽

Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Wolfram Syndrome ◽

First Trimester ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Cytotrophoblast Cell ◽

The Third ◽

Normal Placenta

TheWFS1gene, encoding a transmembrane glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum called wolframin, is mutated in Wolfram syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder defined by the association of diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and further organ abnormalities. Disruption of theWFS1gene in mice causes progressiveβ-cell loss in the pancreas and impaired stimulus-secretion coupling in insulin secretion. However, little is known about the physiological functions of this protein. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of wolframin in human placenta throughout pregnancy in normal women and diabetic pregnant women. In normal placenta, there was a modulation of wolframin throughout pregnancy with a strong level of expression during the first trimester and a moderate level in the third trimester of gestation. In diabetic women, wolframin expression was strongly reduced in the third trimester of gestation. The pattern of expression of wolframin in normal placenta suggests that this protein may be required to sustain normal rates of cytotrophoblast cell proliferation during the first trimester of gestation. The decrease in wolframin expression in diabetic placenta suggests that this protein may participate in maintaining the physiologic glucose homeostasis in this organ.

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Altered expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in placentas from pregnant women with preeclampsia and/or intrauterine fetal growth retardation

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v84.1.143.bloodjournal841143 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 143-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Estelles ◽

J Gilabert ◽

M Keeton ◽

Y Eguchi ◽

J Aznar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Northern Blotting ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Normal Placenta ◽

Activator Inhibitor ◽

Pai 1

Elevated plasma levels of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI- 1) have been implicated in mediating the fibrin deposition and occlusive lesions that occur within the placental vasculature in preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In this report we identify the cells within the normal-appearing villous tissue that are responsible for the local production of PAI-1 in women with PE and IUGR. Levels for another fibrinolytic inhibitor (ie, type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI-2]) were determined for comparative purposes. Elevated levels of PAI-1 were detected in placenta extracts from PE/IUGR patients (121 +/- 38 ng/mg, n = 8) when compared with the levels in placenta extracts from normal women (43 +/- 17 ng/mg, n = 10) or women with IUGR but not PE (51 +/- 22 ng/mg, n = 11). Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin sections showed an increased immunoreactivity for PAI-1 in the placental villous syncytiotrophoblasts from PE/IUGR women compared with the immunostaining of placental samples from the normal or IUGR group. In contrast, antigen levels and immunostaining for PAI-2 were reduced in the placentas harvested from not only the PE/IUGR women (209 +/- 144 ng/mg) but also the IUGR group (169 +/- 106 ng/mg) in comparison with the PAI-2 levels in normal placentas (535 +/- 98 ng/mg). To document that the increased immunoreactivity for PAI-1 in PE/IUGR syncytiotrophoblasts was mediated by an increased production of PAI-1 within these cells, in situ hybridization analysis was performed. A strong positive signal for PAI-1 mRNA in villous syncytiotrophoblasts from PE patients (n = 5) was obtained after 2 weeks of exposure to the NTB2 emulsion in comparison with the weak signal for PAI-1 mRNA that required a 10-week exposure of the normal placenta sections (n = 10). Northern blotting for PAI-1 mRNA showed that both transcripts (ie, 3.2 and 2.3 kb) were elevated in samples of two PE patients in comparison with the PAI-1 mRNA transcripts present in a normal placenta and an IUGR placental sample. These results show increased PAI-1 and mRNA levels in placentas from PE patients and raise the possibility that localized elevated levels of PAI-1 may play a role in the initiation of placental damage, as well as in the thrombotic complications associated with this disease.

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