Prevalence and pattern of dry eye symptoms among “okada” riders in Southwest Nigeria using the ocular surface disease index: A cross sectional study

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the frequency of eye makeup use among female doctors and its association with ocular surface disease Index (OSDI). Study Design: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted from Jan 2018 to May 2018 at a tertiary care hospital Rawalpindi. Materials and Methods: Sample size calculated using WHO sample size calculator was 272 with margin of error 5% and confidence level of 95%. A WHO Standardized OSDI Questionnaire was used to asses for the severity of ocular surface disease and frequency of application of eye makeup. Females were also inquired about adoption of safety guidelines while applying and removing eye makeup. Results were displayed as frequencies and percentages and Chi Square test was applied to assess statistical significance among frequency of makeup use and severity of ocular symptoms. Results: Frequency of Eye makeup use as stated by the participants was less than three times among 37% and it was more than three times a week among 63% participants. Once a week users were only 24.7%. Among users it was found that majority 49.3% had normal scores while 55(24.2%) had mild disease, 11.5% had moderate disease and only 15% had severe disease. Some questions were added in questionnaire to assess the safety practices regarding eye makeup use. It was quite satisfactory to know that 73.1% of the participants do check expiry date of products before use, don’t share their products with others 62.1% and take off makeup before going to sleep 78.4%. However, the situation was quite opposite in some other practices as only 42.3% do patch test before applying makeup and 34.8% check constituents before purchasing the make up as to some of the constituents they might be sensitive. Conclusion: This study shows the utilization of eye make-up is extensive and related to the perception of ocular discomfort. With such widespread use of these products, more research is needed to assess the effect on the ocular surface and tear film, which can be underestimated.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Severe Dry Eye in Bangladesh-Based Factory Garment Workers

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10090634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 634 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mamunur AKM Rashid ◽

Calesta Hui Yi Teo ◽

Sumaiya Mamun ◽

Hon Shing Ong ◽

Louis Tong

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Age Groups ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Garment Workers ◽

Severity Grading ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and the associated factors of severe dry eye symptoms (SDES) among garments worker of Gazipur, Bangladesh. We prospectively collected cross-sectional data for 1050 garments workers of a factory (70% response). All participants had an evaluation of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and a detailed ophthalmic examination including tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface fluorescein staining, and Schirmer’s I test. MGD grading was based on the viscosity/color and ease of manual expression of meibum. Mean age of participants was 35.5 ± 12.1 years; 53.8% were women. The prevalence of dry eye (OSDI > 12) was 64.2% (95% CI 61.2–67.1%). OSDI was not significantly different between sex or age-groups but associated with increasing MGD grade (p < 0.001), reduced TBUT (<5 s) [p < 0.001], and reduced Schirmer’s test (<5 mm) [p < 0.001]. Thirty-five percent had SDES (OSDI > 32). Using univariate logistic regressions, SDES was associated with older age (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.01, 95% Confidence Interval [1.005–1.03] per year increase) and male sex (OR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.36–2.27). When adjusted for age and sex, SDES were strongly associated with increase in MGD severity grading (OR 188, 95% CI: 91–390). However, in multivariate regression, TBUT, but not MGD severity, became the only significant determinant of SDES (OR 13.0, 95% CI: 6.3–27.0, for every 1 s decrease in TBUT). MGD is common in garments workers, contributing to dry eye symptoms in addition to other tear parameters. Reduced tear stability is associated with SDES.

Download Full-text

Investigation of Dry Eye Symptoms in Lecturers by Ocular Surface Disease Index

Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.4274/tjo.galenos.2018.67915 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 142-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sümbüle Köksoy Vayısoğlu ◽

Emine Öncü ◽

Özer Dursun ◽

Erdem Dinç

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Disease Index ◽

Ocular Surface Disease ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Download Full-text

Dry Eye Syndrome-Related Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067210901900409 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 572-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Gemma Caterina Maria Rossi ◽

Carmine Tinelli ◽

Gian Maria Pasinetti ◽

Giovanni Milano ◽

Paolo Emilio Bianchi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Symptom Scale ◽

Cross Sectional

Purpose To verify the presence of dry eye syndrome (DES) in treated patients with glaucoma and to analyze DES's impact on the patients' quality of life (QOL) versus the control group. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, 61 patients were enrolled at a clinical practice. Patients were divided into three groups by number of glaucoma drops instilled per day (G1=1 drop/day, G2=2 drops/day, G3=3 drops/day). A control group of 20 subjects was also selected (G0). All subjects were submitted to a complete ocular examination (including tear function and ocular surface status) and completed the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS) questionnaire, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). DES was defined as presence of punctate keratitis and decreased break-up time. Statistical analysis was performed applying the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U tests (to compare median values between groups) as well as the χ2 and Fisher test (to verify significant differences). Results A total of 40% of G3 and 39% of G2 patients presented DES versus 11% of G1 and 5% of G0 (p=0.01). QOL was significantly influenced and altered (NEI-VFQ 25 total mean and GSS total mean and symptoms average: p=0.0085, p=0.006, and p=0.03, respectively). OSDI pointed out differences by group: 26% of G2 and 15% of G3 presented moderate OSDI and 15% of G3 and 8.7% of G2 severe OSDI (p>0.05). Conclusions Patients with topically treated glaucoma present DES more often than a similar control group (p=0.01). The presence of DES negatively influences the patient's QOL. The patients with glaucoma's ocular surface status should be evaluated regularly to ensure the timely detection and treatment of pathologic signs on the ocular surface.

Download Full-text

Symptoms of ocular surface disease in construction workers: comparative study with office workers.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16859/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Hernandez-Llamas ◽

Ana Karen Paz-Ramos ◽

Patricio Marcos-González ◽

Francisco Amparo ◽

Manuel Garza

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Construction Workers ◽

Office Workers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Office Environment ◽

Degree Of Confidence ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Abstract Purpose To investigate and contrast the prevalence of dry eye symptoms in construction workers and office workers using the OSDI questionnaire. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using the OSDI questionnaire to evaluate dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors. Sampled size calculation with a power of 80% and a 95% degree of confidence suggested the inclusion of 298 participants. Results We studied 304 subjects (149 construction workers and 155 office workers). More than half (55%) of the participants presented dry eye symptoms (OSDI > 12). The average OSDI score was 21.30 ± 22.20 points, being lower in the group of construction workers (12.45±17.50) than in-office workers (28.51±22.99) (p <0.001). Considering participants who had moderate and severe symptoms (23 to 100 points in OSDI), office workers presented dry eye symptoms 4.15 times more frequent than construction workers (OR 4.15, 95% CI 2.52, 6.85). Women presented statistical evidence of higher OSDI scores than men (32.47 ± 23.72 vs. 14.87 ± 18.48, respectively). Conclusions Construction workers have four times less risk of presenting dry eye symptoms than people working in the average office space highlighting the pernicious effects of some of the conditions in the office environment to the ocular surface. .

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Strip Meniscometry and Association with Clinical and Demographic Variables in a Community Eye Study (in Bangladesh)

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9103366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 3366

Author(s):

Mamunur A.K.M. Rashid ◽

Zhang Zhe Thia ◽

Calesta Hui Yi Teo ◽

Sumaiya Mamun ◽

Hon Shing Ong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Garment Workers ◽

Eye Symptoms

Strip meniscometry (SM) is a relatively new technique for evaluating inferior tear meniscus. We described SM in an epidemiology study and its potential associations with clinical and tear parameters. This cross-sectional study involved 1050 factory garment workers in Gazipur, Bangladesh. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and a standard examination for dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), including the five-second SM, were performed by a single ophthalmologist. The participants’ ages were 35.56 ± 12.12 years (range 18–59), with 53.8% women. The overall SM was 7.7 ± 3.6 mm, with skewness of 0.126 and kurtosis of 1.84 in frequency distribution. SM values were significantly lower in men than women, and significantly correlated with schirmers (r = 0.71) and tear break up time (TBUT) (r = 0.89). A lower SM value was associated with higher OSDI, lower Schirmer test, increased MG severity and lower TBUT. In multivariable analysis, when adjusted by age, SM values remained associated with schirmers and TBUT, and inversely associated with OSDI. In a separate regression model, higher SM was associated with increasing age, reduced severity of MGD grading, and increased TBUT. To conclude, SM is a rapid clinical test associated with dry eye symptoms and signs, with findings affected by both tear secretion and tear stability.

Download Full-text

Total Tear IgE Levels Correlate with Allergenic and Irritating Environmental Exposures in Individuals with Dry Eye

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8101627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1627 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dermer ◽

Theotoka ◽

Lee ◽

Chhadva ◽

Hackam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Environmental Exposures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Us ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Dry eye (DE) and allergic conjunctivitis may present similarly, and it remains unclear whether some individuals have an underlying allergic component to their DE. To better understand this relationship, we performed a cross-sectional study in 75 individuals with DE symptoms and/or signs. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in tear samples were quantified and home environmental exposures assessed via standardized survey. Tears were collected by Schirmer strip, and total tear IgE levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear and logistic regressions. The main outcome measures were total tear IgE levels and their association with environmental exposures. The mean age of the subjects was 66.2 ± 7.8 years. Sixty-two individuals had dry eye symptoms (Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 ≥ 6), and 75 had one or more signs of DE. Detectable total tear IgE levels were observed in 76% of subjects, and 17.3% had high levels (>1 ng/mL). Individuals with exposure to pet(s) (odds ratio (OR) 11.5, p = 0.002) and smoke (OR 38.6, p = 0.008) at home were more likely to have high IgE levels compared to those not exposed. Individuals with tears collected during spring or summer were 3.9 times (p = 0.028) more likely to have high IgE compared to those sampled at other times of year. Subjects born in the US were 3.45 times (p = 0.010) more likely to have high IgE compared to individuals born outside the US. To conclude, a majority of individuals with DE symptoms and/or signs had detectable IgE levels in their tears. High tear IgE levels were correlated with allergy season and exposures in the home linked with allergy.

Download Full-text