Social trait rating of halitosis sufferers: A Crosssectional study

First impressions make up an integral part of our interactions with other humans by providing an instantaneous judgment of the trustworthiness, dominance and attractiveness of an individual prior to engaging in any other form of interaction. Unfortunately, this can lead to unintentional bias in situations that have serious consequences, whether it be in judicial proceedings, career advancement, or politics. The ability to automatically recognize social traits presents a number of highly useful applications: from minimizing bias in social interactions to providing insight into how our own facial attributes are interpreted by others. However, while first impressions are well-studied in the field of psychology, automated methods for predicting social traits are largely non-existent. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of two automated approaches—multi-label classification (MLC) and multi-output regression (MOR)—for first impression recognition from faces. We demonstrate that both approaches are able to predict social traits with better than chance accuracy, but there is still significant room for improvement. We evaluate ethical concerns and detail application areas for future work in this direction.

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Environmental modification via a quorum sensing molecule influences the social landscape of siderophore production

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.0200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 284 (1852) ◽

pp. 20170200 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Roman Popat ◽

Freya Harrison ◽

Ana C. da Silva ◽

Scott A. S. Easton ◽

Luke McNally ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Public Goods ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Relative Fitness ◽

Iron Starvation ◽

Signal Molecule ◽

Signalling Molecules ◽

Signalling Molecule ◽

The Impact ◽

Social Trait

Bacteria produce a wide variety of exoproducts that favourably modify their environment and increase their fitness. These are often termed ‘public goods’ because they are costly for individuals to produce and can be exploited by non-producers (cheats). The outcome of conflict over public goods is dependent upon the prevailing environment and the phenotype of the individuals in competition. Many bacterial species use quorum sensing (QS) signalling molecules to regulate the production of public goods. QS, therefore, determines the cooperative phenotype of individuals, and influences conflict over public goods. In addition to their regulatory functions, many QS molecules have additional properties that directly modify the prevailing environment. This leads to the possibility that QS molecules could influence conflict over public goods indirectly through non-signalling effects, and the impact of this on social competition has not previously been explored. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS signal molecule PQS is a powerful chelator of iron which can cause an iron starvation response. Here, we show that PQS stimulates a concentration-dependent increase in the cooperative production of iron scavenging siderophores, resulting in an increase in the relative fitness of non-producing siderophore cheats. This is likely due to an increased cost of siderophore output by producing cells and a concurrent increase in the shared benefits, which accrue to both producers and cheats. Although PQS can be a beneficial signalling molecule for P. aeruginosa , our data suggest that it can also render a siderophore-producing population vulnerable to competition from cheating strains. More generally, our results indicate that the production of one social trait can indirectly affect the costs and benefits of another social trait.

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Effects of Teachers' Marital Status and Child's Family's Marital Status on Teachers' Ratings of a Child

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1986.58.3.959 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 959-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susan Goldstein-Hendley ◽

Virginia Green ◽

James R. Evans

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Family Background ◽

Family Status ◽

Trait Rating

The purposes of this study were to assess whether knowledge of a child's family's marital status (divorced home/intact home/family status unknown) and/or teachers' marital status (single/divorced) would affect teachers' ratings of that child's personality traits and predicted behaviors. The study also sought to determine whether raters' marital status and knowledge of family background interacted with these teachers' ratings. The subjects were 27 married and 27 divorced teachers of preschool through Grade five. To test the hypotheses, two instruments were employed. The Personality Trait Rating Scale and the Predicted Behavior in School Scale were used by the teachers to rate behaviors of a 5-yr.-old child observed on a videotape. Knowledge of the child's family's marital status had no significant effect on teachers' ratings on either test. Teachers' own marital status had no significant effect on ratings, and no interaction was noted. Contrary to some earlier research, teachers were not biased in their ratings by knowledge of a child's family's marital status. Similarly, married teachers who had not experienced the divorce process themselves were no more positively or negatively biased in their ratings than were the divorced teachers.

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Twin Resemblances in Creativity and in Esthetic and Emotional Expression

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae ◽

10.1017/s0001566000014148 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 213-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Frank Barron ◽

Paolo Parisi

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Young Adult ◽

Emotional Expression ◽

Halo Effect ◽

Objective Test ◽

Male And Female ◽

Trait Rating ◽

Standard List

Three sources of observation relevant to the measurement of individual differences in emotional and esthetic expressiveness were employed to study their heritability by application to a sample of some 60 pairs of young adult like-sexed twins, approximately evenly divided between male and female and MZ and DZ pairs. The sources of observation were objective test performances, trait ascription using a standard list of adjectives, and videotaped enactments of mood and esthetic performances. Perceptual and esthetic abilities do appear to have substantial heritability, although esthetic preferences do not. Heritability is also indicated for such adjectives as artistic, inventive, original, and independent. Ratings of the videotape performances yielded somewhat ambiguous results, due to the presence of a marked halo effect; the most likely interpretation congruent with earlier results is that greater MZ twin resemblances in social extroversion generated greater resemblances in the videotape situation on such other trait-rating variables as creativity, naturalness, and dominance.

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Positive linkage between bacterial social traits reveals that homogeneous rather than specialized behavioral repertoires prevail in natural Pseudomonas communities

10.1101/477471 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jos Kramer ◽

Miguel Ángel López Carrasco ◽

Rolf Kümmerli

Keyword(s):

Public Goods ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Social Strategies ◽

Toxic Compounds ◽

Social Traits ◽

Social Type ◽

Social Trait ◽

Limited Scope

ABSTRACTBacteria frequently cooperate by sharing secreted metabolites such as enzymes and siderophores. The expression of different ‘public good’ traits can be interdependent, and studies on laboratory systems have shown that such trait linkage affects eco-evolutionary dynamics within bacterial communities. Here, we examine whether linkage among social traits occurs in natural Pseudomonas communities by examining investment levels and correlations between five public goods: biosurfactants, biofilm components, proteases, pyoverdines, and toxic compounds. Our phenotypic assays involving 315 isolates from soil and freshwater communities revealed that their social trait expression profiles varied dramatically, and that correlations between traits were frequent, exclusively positive, and sometimes habitat-specific. Our results indicate that Pseudomonas communities are dominated by isolates lying on a continuum between a ‘social’ type producing multiple public goods, and an ‘asocial’ type showing low investment into social traits. This segregation into different social types could reflect local adaptation to different microhabitats, or emerge from competition between different (social) strategies. Moreover, our results show that isolates with specialized trait repertoires are rare, suggesting limited scope for the mutual exchange of different public goods between isolates. Overall, our work indicates that complex interdependencies among social traits influence the evolution of microbial lifestyles in nature.

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