Framing a Dissertation Study Through a Research Tradition

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-144
Keyword(s):  
Research Tradition

Formation of the research tradition of studying the institute Parliamentarism as a mechanism for the establishment of democracy

2017 ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Akil Ibrahim Al-Zuhari
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parliamentary Regimes

The article defines the features of the process of forming the research tradition of studying the institute of parliamentarism as a mechanism for the formation of democracy. It is established that parliamentarism acts as one of the varieties of the regime of functioning of the state, to which the independence of the representative body from the people is inherent, its actual primacy in the state mechanism, the division of functions between the legislative and executive branches of government, the responsibility and accountability of the government to the parliament. It is justified that, in addition to the regime that fully meets the stated requirements of classical parliamentarism, there are regimes that can be characterized as limited parliamentary regimes. The conclusions point out that parliamentarism does not necessarily lead to a democracy regime. At the first stage of development of statehood, it functions for a long time in the absence of many attributes of democracy, but at the present stage, without parliamentarism, democracy will be substantially limited. Modern researchers of parliamentarism recognize that this institution is undergoing changes with the development of the processes of democracy and democratization. This is what produces different approaches to its definition. However, most scientists under classical parliamentarianism understand such a system, which is based on the balance of power. This approach seeks to justify limiting the rights of parliament and strengthening executive power. Keywords: Parliamentarism, research strategy, theory of parliamentarism, types of parliamentarism

Introduction to Ethnography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Kwame Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Primary Qualities ◽  
Bronislaw Malinowski ◽  
Bronisław Malinowski ◽  
Oriented Research

This introductory chapter introduces ethnography as a distinct research and writing tradition. The author begins by historically contextualizing ethnography’s professionalization within the fields of anthropology and sociology. While highlighting the formidable influences of, for example, Bronislaw Malinowski and the Chicago school, the author complicates existing understandings by bringing significant, but less-recognized, influences and contributions to light. The chapter next outlines three principal research methods that most ethnographers utilize—namely, participant-observation, fieldnote writing, and ethnographic interviewing. The discussion then shifts from method to methodology to explain the primary qualities that separate ethnography from other forms of participant-observation-oriented research. This includes introducing a research disposition called ethnographic comportment, which serves as a standard for gauging ethnography throughout the remainder of the book. The author presents ethnographic comportment as reflecting both ethnographers’ awarenesses of and their accountabilities to the research tradition in which they participate.

Ethnography

2020 ◽  
pp. 328-358
Author(s):  
Anthony Kwame Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Field Note ◽  
Oriented Research

This chapter introduces ethnography as a distinct research and writing tradition. It opens with a discussion of ethnography’s current fashionability within transdisciplinary academic spaces and some of the associated challenges. The next section provides a historical overview of ethnography’s emergence as a professionalized research practice within the fields of anthropology and sociology. Focusing on ethnography as a research methodology, the chapter outlines several key attributes that distinguish it from other forms of participant observation–oriented research; provides a general overview of the central paradigms that ethnographers claim and/or move between; and spotlights three principal research methods that most ethnographers utilize—namely, participant observation, field-note writing, and ethnographic interviewing. The final section of the chapter introduces a research disposition called ethnographic comportment, defined as a politics of positionality that reflects both ethnographers’ awarenesses of and their accountabilities to the research tradition they participate in.

What Can Experimental Studies of Bias Tell Us About Real-World Group Disparities?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-82
Author(s):  
Joseph Cesario
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
White Men ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
The Social

Abstract This article questions the widespread use of experimental social psychology to understand real-world group disparities. Standard experimental practice is to design studies in which participants make judgments of targets who vary only on the social categories to which they belong. This is typically done under simplified decision landscapes and with untrained decision makers. For example, to understand racial disparities in police shootings, researchers show pictures of armed and unarmed Black and White men to undergraduates and have them press "shoot" and "don't shoot" buttons. Having demonstrated categorical bias under these conditions, researchers then use such findings to claim that real-world disparities are also due to decision-maker bias. I describe three flaws inherent in this approach, flaws which undermine any direct contribution of experimental studies to explaining group disparities. First, the decision landscapes used in experimental studies lack crucial components present in actual decisions (Missing Information Flaw). Second, categorical effects in experimental studies are not interpreted in light of other effects on outcomes, including behavioral differences across groups (Missing Forces Flaw). Third, there is no systematic testing of whether the contingencies required to produce experimental effects are present in real-world decisions (Missing Contingencies Flaw). I apply this analysis to three research topics to illustrate the scope of the problem. I discuss how this research tradition has skewed our understanding of the human mind within and beyond the discipline and how results from experimental studies of bias are generally misunderstood. I conclude by arguing that the current research tradition should be abandoned.

Why did Karlovich & Wallisch (2021) paste the "Gestalt" label on notions the Gestaltists rejected and disproved?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Maniatis
Keyword(s):  
Vision Research ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
The People

“Gestalt” is a fashionable buzzword in the vision research community. The people invoking it tend to have little to no understanding of the groundbreaking ideas the term represents, and which they badly misrepresent. This is the case in Karlovich & Wallisch (2021), who misuse Gestalt citations to cover the theoretical gap left by a dominant vision research tradition uninterested in and incapable of addressing problems of shape and organization in vision.

scholarly journals SOCIAL MANAGEMENT: the potential contribution of a Brazilian research tradition to the international nonprofit debate

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. a17en
Author(s):  
Helga Midori Iwamoto ◽  
Airton Cardoso Cançado
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Social Management

The paper presents the convergences and divergences of Nonprofit Organizations (NPO) theory and Social Management. Then, it present the possibilities of development of Social Management in the NPO. At the end of the paper, the main contributions of Brazilian Social Management theory to the international nonprofit debate are summarized and leave open some guidelines to future researchers that may want to follow this research stream..

The Progressive Power of Realism

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Walt
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Research Programs

John Vasquez's assessment of realism suffers from three serious flaws. First, his reliance on Imre Lakatos's (1970) model of scientific progress is problematic, because the Lakatosian model has been largely rejected by contemporary historians and philosophers of science. Second, Vasquez understates the range and diversity of the realist research program and mistakenly sees disagreements among realists as evidence of theoretical degeneration. Finally, he overlooks the progressive character of contemporary realist theory, largely because he does not consider all the relevant literature. Disagreements within and across competing research programs are essential to progress and should be welcomed, but Vasquez's effort suggests that criticism will be most helpful when it seeks to do more than merely delegitimate a particular research tradition.

Qualitative Comparative Analysis: meer behorend bij de kwalitatieve dan de kwantitatieve benadering

KWALON ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Pattyn ◽  
Lasse Gerrits ◽  
Stefan Verweij
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Case Study Data

Qualitative Comparative Analysis: more associated with the qualitative research tradition than with the quantitative approach Qualitative Comparative Analysis: more associated with the qualitative research tradition than with the quantitative approach Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is an approach that enables systematically comparing qualitative case study data. The fact that QCA borrows certain elements from quantitative methods (such as the use of Boolean algebra and the quantification of conditions and outcomes) may raise questions about the qualitative character of QCA. Based on a discussion of four criteria relating to causal analysis, we argue that QCA belongs to the qualitative research tradition. Where QCA borrows characteristics from the quantitative approach, this is only for the sake of a qualitative objective: to better understand the conditions underlying a particular outcome or phenomenon.

Diverse Populations are Conflated with Heterogeneous Collectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 525-548
Author(s):  
Ayelet Shavit ◽  
Aaron M. Ellison ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Better Than

The concept of difference has a long and important research tradition. We identify and explicate a heretofore overlooked distinction in the meaning and measurement of two different meanings of 'difference': 'diversity' and 'heterogeneity'. We argue that ‘diversity’ can describe a population well enough but does not describe a collective well. In contrast, ‘heterogeneity’ describes a collective better than a population and therefore ought to describe a collective. We argue that ignoring these distinctions can lead to a surprising and disturbing conflict between diversity and heterogeneity. In particular, focusing on the 'diversity' of human communities can be self-defeating for those who truly care about the importance of diversity, inclusion, and belonging.

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