scholarly journals Use of organic fertilization with irrigation in coffee production in brazilian cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Eusímio Felisbino Fraga Júnior ◽  
Márcio José de Santana ◽  
Reginaldo De Oliveira Silva ◽  
Marcelo Moreira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Productive Development

Coffee irrigation has increased in the main Brazilian coffee regions. However, in recent years, with climate change, years with water deficits greater than 150 mm have been observed, affecting the vegetative and productive development of the crop and also the replenishment of surface and underground springs. One practice that increases soil water retention capacity is organic fertilization. This work evaluated different combinations of irrigation and organic fertilization on the yield and quality of coffee produced in the Minas Gerais cerrado region. The treatments were: T1: total irrigation; T2: no irrigation; T3: total irrigation + organic fertilization (chicken manure, 10 ton ha-1); T4: no irrigation + organic fertilization (chicken manure, 10 ton ha-1); T5: 50% irrigation + organic fertilization (chicken manure, 10 ton ha-1). After 7 harvests, it was concluded that the treatment that combined organic fertilization with application of half of the necessary irrigation presented the best yield, superior to the treatment with total irrigation and exclusively mineral nutrition.

Effect of Storage Time on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Man-tou (Chinese Steamed Bread)

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Sha ◽  
Ping Qian ◽  
Li-Jun Wang ◽  
Zhan-hui Lu ◽  
Li-Te Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Steamed Bread

In this study, quality of Man-tou, the Chinese traditional steamed bread during storage was studied. Values for water retention capacity, total water solubles, soluble starch, and soluble amylose and amylopectin of Man-tou decreased with storage time. Results showed that hardness, chewiness and gumminess of Man-tou increased, while, springiness cohesiveness and resilience decreased along with prolonged storage time (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation results showed that all sensory rating of Man-tou, including softness, stickiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, taste and total score, dropped drastically within 24 h of storage time (p<0.05). Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine crystalline structure of amylopectin in Man-tou, and the value for enthalpy of crystallization was found increased with storage time. Amylopectin crystallization was significantly associated to Man-tou firming (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Production of kale seedlings on substrates containing proportions of organic compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e58010817707
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
Isabel Cristina Lourenço da Silva ◽  
Lourival Dantas Fagundes ◽  
Rafael Tronco Homrich ◽  
Nicolas dos Santos Trentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Organic Compost

One of the difficulties in the kale seedlings production in containers is to ensure the production of aboveground biomass with a limited portion of roots, restricted to a small volume of substrate. Thus, we investigated whether substrates with organic compost added to it associated with kale cultivars interfere in the quality of seedlings produced in a greenhouse. Here, we studied two kale cultivars and five substrates. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a bifactorial scheme (2 x 5), with three replications. We carried out the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates and evaluated attributes of the aerial part and root system of the kale seedlings. The results showed that the substrate with the highest water retention was the one without the addition of organic compost. The greater the proportion of organic compound added to the substrate, the higher the nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon values. Seedlings produced in the substrate with greater water retention capacity had better performance in relation to the morphology of the aerial part and the morphology of the root system. We conclude that seedlings of kale cultivars associated with substrates with higher water retention have better quality. Seedlings of the ‘Gaudina’ cultivar stand out for their better phytometric morphology, while seedlings of the ‘Manteiga’ cultivar have higher quality of root biomass.

scholarly journals How and why does willow biochar increase a clay soil water retention capacity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Rasa ◽  
Jaakko Heikkinen ◽  
Markus Hannula ◽  
Kai Arstila ◽  
Sampo Kulju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity

scholarly journals Effects of soil temperature and moisture on biological nitrogen fixation in soybean crop

2019 ◽  
pp. 1327-1334
Author(s):  
Evandro Ademir Deak ◽  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Glauber Monçon Fipke ◽  
Jessica Deolinda Leivas Stecca ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root System ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Soil temperature and humidity are the chief determinants for good nodule formation at the time of sowing and emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil temperature and humidity range, at which the Bradyrhizobium spp., and Azospirillum brasilense may have the highest effect on root enhancement and development of nodulation in soybean. Two experiments were conducted, the first of which was done in the seed laboratory performing the treatments listed as non-inoculated; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium; root enhancers; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers, and assessed at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized with distribution in a factorial. The second experiment was executed in a greenhouse, employing the same treatments affected in the seed laboratory experiment, but with the addition of non-inoculated control with mineral nitrogen. Tests were done at the soil moisture levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% water retention capacity, forming a factorial 7 x 4 (only second experiment). All co-inoculated treatments induced the soybean root system to improve, in terms of length, volume, surface area and root diameter, exhibiting superiority to the uninoculated control in the 20 to 30ºC temperature range. The co-inoculation raised nodulation in the soybean crop, when soil water retention capacity was at the range of 56 - 96%, achieving higher means compared to the standard inoculation. The root planter added no improvement to either the root system or nodulation in soybean.

scholarly journals Biochar Grafted on CMC-Terpolymer by Green Microwave Route for Sustainable Agriculture

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Shimaa M. Elsaeed ◽  
E. G. Zaki ◽  
Tarek M. Ibrahim ◽  
Nasser Ibrahim Talha ◽  
Hosam A. Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Swelling

The deficiency of water sources and the environmental disposal of large amounts of biomass waste (orange peels) produces economic and environmental problems, though its conversion into biochar by a pyrolysis procedure might be used to improve soil productivity. In the current study, we investigated the performance of superabsorbent biochar composite grafted on CMC as a low-cost, alternative, and biodegradable terpolymer composite (IPNCB) for soil water retention capacity. The IPNCB composite was synthesized by both microwave and conventional routes. The optimal reaction parameters proved that the microwave route has a high grafting percentage (%G) and short reaction time compared to the conventional route. The superabsorbent composite was characterized using different methods: FTIR, TGA, and SEM. The results show that the equilibrium water swelling (EW) of the IPNCB composite was improved at a 2% biochar concentration. The incorporation of biochar (BC) into the polymer network improved the water holding capacity (WHC) to 57.6% and water retention (WR) to 9.1% after 30 days. The degradation test indicates the IPNCB composite has a good degradability rate. Mixing soil with the prepared IPNCB composite can improve plant growth and reduce water consumption through the irrigation of arid lands. The IPNCB composite is a candidate in sustainable agriculture applications.

scholarly journals USE OF SEED+® AND CROP+® BIOESTIMULANTS ON THE QUALITY OF TOMATO FRUITS UNDER WATER STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
MARIANE PERIPOLLI ◽  
ANTONIO CARLOS FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
SYLVIO HENRIQUE BIDEL DORNELLES ◽  
DANIE MARTINI SANCHOTENE ◽  
VINICIUS SEVERO TRIVISIOL
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

ABSTRACT Accelerated biotic and abiotic stresses have diminished the quality and yield of agricultural products. Thus, the use of biostimulants comes with the proposal of reducing the stresses experienced by plants and, consequently, reducing agricultural losses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants on tomato fruits, cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 2 x 2 x 6 three-factor scheme, with the following factors: application time (flowering and fruiting), soil water conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity) and biostimulants (without treatment; Seed+®; Seed+® + Crop+® 1x the commercial dose; Seed+® + Crop+® 2x the commercial dose; Crop+® 1x the commercial dose; Crop+® 2x the commercial dose). Under water deficit conditions, the fruits of plants treated with Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants had higher values of pH, total soluble solids and titratable acidity compared to plants that did not receive biostimulants. Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants maintain the quality of tomato fruits until 18 days after harvest.

scholarly journals Quality of tomato seedlings produced in substrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-331
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
Gabriela Oliveira Cavalli ◽  
Thomas Dos Santos Trentin ◽  
Alana Grando Dornelles
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

A difficulty in the production of tomato seedlings in containers is to assure the production of shoot biomass with limited portion of roots, restricted to a small volume of substrate. Therefore, we investigated if substrates associated with tomato cultivars interfere in the seedling quality. In this study, the treatments used were two tomato cultivars and three substrates. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a two-factorial scheme (2 x 3), with four replications. We carried out the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates and evaluated the attributes of the shoot and the root system of tomato seedlings. The results showed that the substrate with the highest water retention was Horta 2® and the lightest material was TN Gold®. Still, seedlings produced on the substrate with greater water retention capacity had higher performance in relation to the shoot morphology and the root system morphology. We conclude that the seedling quality of tomato cultivars is not associated with the studied substrates and that seedlings produced in substrate with greater water retention have better quality.

scholarly journals Validation of Cryogenic Vacuum Extraction of Pore Water from Volcanic Soils for Isotopic Analysis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2214
Author(s):  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Karen Gutierrez ◽  
Walter Valdivia-Cea ◽  
Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini ◽  
Alex Godoy-Faúndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Cryogenic Vacuum ◽  
The Impact

Andean headwater catchments are key components of the hydrological cycle, given that they capture moisture, store water and release it for Chilean cities, industry, agriculture, and cities in Chile. However, knowledge about within-Andean catchment processes is far from clear. Most soils in the Andes derive from volcanic ash Andosols and Arenosols presenting high organic matter, high-water retention capacity and fine pores; and are very dry during summer. Despite their importance, there is little research on the hillslope hydrology of Andosols. Environmental isotopes such as Deuterium and 18-O are direct tracers for water and useful on analyzing water-soil interactions. This work explores, for the first time, the efficiency of cryogenic vacuum extraction to remove water from two contrasting soil types (Arenosols, Andosols) at five soil water retention energies (from −1500 to −33 kPa). Two experiments were carried out to analyse the impact of extraction time, and initial water content on the amount of extracted water, while a third experiment tested whether the cryogenic vacuum extraction changed the isotopic ratios after extraction. Minimum extraction times to recover over 90% of water initially in the soil samples were 40–50 min and varied with soil texture. Minimum volume for very dry soils were 0.2 mL (loamy sand) and 1 mL (loam). After extraction, the difference between the isotope standard and the isotopic values after extraction was acceptable. Thus, we recommend this procedure for soils derived from volcanic ashes.

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