scholarly journals Fungal Exopolysaccharide: Production, Composition and Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. MBI.S10957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadip Mahapatra ◽  
Debdulal Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Exopolysaccharide Production ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Production Composition

Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the last two decades. These products, including pullulan, scleroglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although fungal EPSs are highly relevant, to date information concerning fungal biosynthesis is scarce and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of fungal EPSs are dependent to culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. An inclusive and illustrative review on fungal EPS is presented here. The general outline of the present work includes fungal EPS production, their compositions and applications. An emphasis is also given to listing out different fungal strains that can produce EPSs.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FACTORS ON THE FORMATION OF BIOFILM BY TOXIGENIC AND NON-TOXIGENIC VIBRIO CHOLERAE EL TOR STRAINS

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
O. A. Tatarenko ◽  
L. P. Alekseeva ◽  
N. R. Telesmanich ◽  
I. S. Shestialtynova ◽  
O. C. Chemisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Exopolysaccharide Production ◽  
Medium Interface ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
El Tor

The early stages of biofilm formation on polystyrene surface were studied in 14 Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains, all of which carried genes of vps cluster, mshA, and hapR genes. 13 Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains were shown to be capable of adsorption on the walls of microtiter plate wells and of ring formation at the "polystyrene-medium" interface. One of the Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains tested was defective in this ability. The use of different media - modified M1 medium and 1 per cent peptone - failed to reveal sufficient influence of culture medium composition on the ability of Vibrio cholerae to form multilayer biofilm at the phase boundary "polystyrene-medium". Temperature reduction from 37°C to 25°C also didn t result in statistically significant enhancement of monolayer formation in both media. Quantitative evaluation of biofilm formation showed that this ability was clearly marked only in two toxigenic and two non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae El Tor. Monolayer comparison in ELISA demonstrated that only two toxigenic and two non-toxigenic strains possessed the ability for exopolysaccharide production.

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Air Kelapa

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tuhuteru ◽  
Meity L Hehanussa ◽  
Simon H.T Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Dendrobium anosmum is one of natural orchids in Indonesia. Optimization of medium composition for orchid propagation through in vitro culture is necessary to enhance propagule multiplication capabilities and quality. This study was aimed to study the influence of concentration of coconut water in culture medium on in vitro growth and development of D. anosmum orchid species and to determine the optimal coconut water concentration in culture media.  The experiment were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of coconut water with concentrations: 0 ml•l -1 (control), 50 ml•l-1, 100 ml•l-1 and 150 ml•l-1. The results showed that addition of coconut water in culture medium gave different effect on shoot growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids.  Coconut water concentration of 100 ml•l-1 was the best concentration for growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids, based on both shoots and roots growth, plantlet height and wet weight.

Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from humans and animals into insulin-producing cells: An overview in vitro induction forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna O. S. Câmara ◽  
Bruno M. Bertassoli ◽  
Natália M. Ocarino ◽  
Rogéria Serakides
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Msc Differentiation

The use of stem cells in cell therapies has shown promising results in the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes mellitus, in both humans and animals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various locations, including bone marrow, adipose tissues, synovia, muscles, dental pulp, umbilical cords, and the placenta. In vitro, by manipulating the composition of the culture medium or transfection, MSCs can differentiate into several cell lineages, including insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Unlike osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation, for which the culture medium and time are similar between studies, studies involving the induction of MSC differentiation in IPCs differ greatly. This divergence is usually evident in relation to the differentiation technique used, the composition of the culture medium, the cultivation time, which can vary from a few hours to several months, and the number of steps to complete differentiation. However, although there is no “gold standard” differentiation medium composition, most prominent studies mention the use of nicotinamide, exedin-4, ß-mercaptoethanol, fibroblast growth factor b (FGFb), and glucose in the culture medium to promote the differentiation of MSCs into IPCs. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to investigate the stages of MSC differentiation into IPCs both in vivo and in vitro, as well as address differentiation techniques and molecular actions and mechanisms by which some substances, such as nicotinamide, exedin-4, ßmercaptoethanol, FGFb, and glucose, participate in the differentiation process.

Amplified Migration Inhibition Effect

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Philp ◽  
A. L. Huffman ◽  
L. R. DeChatelet ◽  
J. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Peritoneal Exudate ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Peritoneal Exudate Cells ◽  
Inhibition Factor ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Heat Labile

When tuberculin-sensitive peritoneal exudate cells are incubated in a culture flask with tuberculin purified protein derivative, macrophage inhibition factor and other lymphokines are released into the culture medium. We have described how, if incubation is carried out in a stationary conical culture tube, intercellular contact between the peritoneal exudate cells is facilitated as the cells sediment into a pellicle at the bottom of the tube. This results in augmented release of inhibitory lymphokines into the supernatant culture medium with titers up to 10 9 times greater than those obtained by conventional culture methods using a flatbottomed culture dish or flask. When such high-titered inhibitory supernatants were subjected to fractionation by sequential Amicon ultrafiltration, two clearly distinct macrophage-inhibitory lymphokines were found. The first was present, after fractionation, in a titer of 10 12 , had a molecular weight in the range of 50,000 to 100,000, and was heat stable at 56°C for 1 h. This moiety is probably identical to guinea pig macrophage inhibition factor. Unexpectedly, a second heat-labile inhibitory substance with a molecular weight between 500 and 1,000 was found in a titer of 10 4 after fractionation. This low-molecular-weight, heat-labile material may represent a new lymphokine with a direct inhibitory action on macrophage migration. Theoretically, the data are also consistent with the possibility that it could act as a chemical immunotransmitter which stimulates amplified production of macrophage inhibition factor by lymphocytes within the cell pellicle and leads indirectly to inhibition of macrophage migration.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using different types induction culture medium for hexaploid triticale anther cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
E. V. Lagunovskaya ◽  
O. I. Zaitseva ◽  
V. A. Lemesh
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Androgenesis In Vitro ◽  
The Republic

Aim. Triticale is one of the main grain crops of the Republic of Belarus. Further progress in the selection of this culture involves the accelerated creation of highly productive early ripening varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic factors. The method of induced androgenesis in vitro makes it possible to obtain stable homozygous lines in a short period of time and to eliminate the lengthy process of inbreeding used in classical breeding to fix the desired traits. Methods. The tissue and cell culture methods for plants was used in the study. Results. The influence of the induction medium composition on the efficiency of in vitro induced androgenesis in varieties and lines of hexaploid triticale is assessed. The influence of three types of induction culture medium, the type of phytohormones and the presence or absence of cefotaxime in the medium are analyzed. Results. It has been shown that using the C-17 culture medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin without adding cefotaxime is most effective for the anther triticale cultivation. Keywords: triticale, anther culture, induction nutrient medium, embryoids, calli, regenerant plants, cefotaxime.

scholarly journals Handling culture medium composition for optimizing plant cell suspension culture in shake flasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Fidemann ◽  
Gabriela Aparecida de Araujo Pereira ◽  
Tárik Reis Heluy ◽  
Rodrigo Boccoli Gallego ◽  
Mônica Rosa Bertão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Suspension Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension Culture ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension ◽  
Shake Flasks

In vitro culture and non-invasive metabolic profiling of single bovine embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Monika Nõmm ◽  
Rando Porosk ◽  
Pille Pärn ◽  
Kalle Kilk ◽  
Ursel Soomets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Non Invasive

Selecting high-quality embryos for transfer has been a difficult task when producing bovine embryos invitro. The most used non-invasive method is based on visual observation. Molecular characterisation of embryo growth media has been proposed as a complementary method. In this study we demonstrate a culture medium sampling method for identifying potential embryonic viability markers to predict normal or abnormal embryonic development. During single embryo culture, 20µL culture media was removed at Days 2, 5 and 8 after fertilisation from the same droplet (60µL). In all, 58 samples were analysed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that it is possible to remove samples from the same culture medium droplets and not significantly affect blastocyst rate (25.2%). Changes in any single low molecular weight compound were not predictive enough. Combining multiple low molecular weight signals made it possible to predict Day 2 and 5 embryo development to the blastocyst stage with an accuracy of 64%. Elevated concentrations of lysophosphatidylethanolamines (m/z=453, 566, 588) in the culture media of Day 8 well-developing embryos were observed. Choline (104m/z) and citrate (215m/z) concentrations were increased in embryos in which development was retarded. Metabolic profiling provides possibilities to identify well-developing embryos before transfer, thus improving pregnancy rates and the number of calves born.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document