scholarly journals A Cohort Study on Long-Term Adverse Effects of Parental Drinking: Background and Study Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. SART.S23329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingunn Olea Lund ◽  
Anne Bukten ◽  
Elisabet E. Storvoll ◽  
Inger Synnøve Moan ◽  
Svetlana Skurtveit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
General Population Cohort ◽  
Parental Drinking ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Although many studies have addressed adverse outcomes in children of parents with alcohol abuse/dependence, less is known about the possible long-term effects of more normative patterns of parental alcohol consumption, including drinking at lower risk levels and heavy episodic or binge drinking. The extent of harm from parental drinking may therefore be underestimated. With this research proposal, we describe a project that aims to assess possible long-term adverse effects of parental drinking by combining survey and nationwide registry data. Advantages of a longitudinal general population cohort design include that it allows for detailed information on parental drinking through survey data and identification of possible negative long-term health and social outcomes from exposure to parental drinking 1–19 years after exposure through continuously updated nationwide registers. The rich information available from combining survey and registry data allows us to take into account important confounders, mediators, and moderators.

scholarly journals Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Exposure to THC-Rich/CBD-Poor and CBD-Rich/THC-Poor Combinations: A Comparison with Pure THC Treatment in Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8899
Author(s):  
Marina Gabaglio ◽  
Erica Zamberletti ◽  
Cristina Manenti ◽  
Daniela Parolaro ◽  
Tiziana Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Adolescent Exposure ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Cannabis is the most-used recreational drug worldwide, with a high prevalence of use among adolescents. In animal models, long-term adverse effects were reported following chronic adolescent exposure to the main psychotomimetic component of the plant, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, these studies investigated the effects of pure THC, without taking into account other cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. Interestingly, cannabidiol (CBD) content seems to mitigate some of the side effects of THC, at least in adult animals. Thus, in female rats, we evaluated the long-term consequences of a co-administration of THC and CBD at a 3:1 ratio, chosen based on the analysis of recently confiscated illegal cannabis samples in Europe. CBD content is able to mitigate some of the long-term behavioral alterations induced by adolescent THC exposure as well as long-term changes in CB1 receptor and microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We also investigated, for the first time, possible long-term effects of chronic administration of a THC/CBD combination reminiscent of “light cannabis” (CBD:THC in a 33:1 ratio; total THC 0.3%). Repeated administration of this CBD:THC combination has long-term adverse effects on cognition and leads to anhedonia. Concomitantly, it boosts Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) levels in the PFC, suggesting a possible lasting effect on GABAergic neurotransmission.

scholarly journals Peripubertal aromatase inhibition in male rats has adverse long-term effects on bone strength and growth and induces prostatic hyperplasia

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Bajpai ◽  
Peter J Simm ◽  
Stephen J McPherson ◽  
Vincenzo C Russo ◽  
Walid J Azar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aromatase Inhibition ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Aromatase inhibitors have been increasingly used in boys with growth retardation to prolong the duration of growth and increase final height. Multiple important roles of oestrogen in males point to potential adverse effects of this strategy. Although the deleterious effects of aromatase deficiency in early childhood and adulthood are well documented, there is limited information about the potential long-term adverse effects of peripubertal aromatase inhibition. To address this issue, we evaluated short-term and long-term effects of peripubertal aromatase inhibition in an animal model. Peripubertal male Wistar rats were treated with aromatase inhibitor letrozole or placebo and followed until adulthood. Letrozole treatment caused sustained reduction in bone strength and alteration in skeletal geometry, lowering of IGF1 levels, inhibition of growth resulting in significantly lower weight and length of treated animals and development of focal prostatic hyperplasia. Our observation of adverse long-term effects after peripubertal male rats were exposed to aromatase inhibitors highlights the need for further characterisation of long-term adverse effects of aromatase inhibitors in peripubertal boys before further widespread use is accepted. Furthermore, this suggests the need to develop more selective oestrogen inhibition strategies in order to inhibit oestrogen action on the growth plate, while beneficial effects in other tissues are preserved.

Oil pollution and fisheries

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The term ‘pollution’ is taken in its broadest sense and effects are recognized to be due to interference, tainting and toxicity. Each of these types of impact is discussed and assessed. It is concluded that no long-term adverse effects on fish stocks can be attributed to oil but that local impacts can be extremely damaging in the short term and that produce from specific localities can be tainted and unmarketable for long periods. In some coastal areas oil can be one among several contributors to reduced water quality, and the implications of this are discussed.

Incest: What do we Really Know about It?

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kosky
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clinical Series ◽  
General Populations

The literature on incest is reviewed. Current knowledge rests on a very insecure scientific basis and has been mainly derived from small, highly selected clinical series. Recently, some important epidemiological studies of general populations have been reported, but the results of prevalence are inconsistent. Overall, however, it appears that incest, when defined in terms of sexual intercourse, occurs in less than 1% of the population, but other forms of intrafamilial sexual activity may affect 10% of females before they are 16 years of age. Some children are more at risk than others. Because information has generally been derived from court or treatment samples, we are unclear about the long-term effects of incest experiences but, overall, the impression is that incest has markedly adverse effects, especially if it is accompanied by violence and threats and is directed, as it usually is, at the young pre-pubescent child.

Minimising the Long-Term Adverse Effects of Childhood Leukaemia Therapy

Drug Safety ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1057-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Langebrake ◽  
Dirk Reinhardt ◽  
J??rg Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Childhood Leukaemia ◽  
Leukaemia Therapy ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Nanofibrous-spherical cage mimicking a ball of pearl-necklaces for super capture of heavy metal ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngkyun Jung ◽  
Ung Su Choi ◽  
Young Gun Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The late and poor response in the initial stages of big heavy metal leakage accidents cause long-term adverse effects on nature and humans. Fast and high-performance separation technology with low...

scholarly journals 1329. Experiences and Emotional Challenges of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART)—Findings from the Positive Perspectives Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S481-S481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia De Los Rios ◽  
Benjamin Young ◽  
Simone Marcotullio ◽  
Yogesh Punekar ◽  
Justin Koteff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
Treatment Experience ◽  
Dosing Frequency ◽  
Hiv Medication ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Abstract Background While advances in treatment have dramatically improved the lives of people living with HIV (PLHIV), a number of important unmet needs remain. We conducted an international survey of PLHIV to explore their treatment experience and emotional challenges of ART. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews were performed with PLHIV to identify key hypotheses. A steering group (led by community members) developed the survey tool which was fielded online from November 2016 to July 2017 in 8 high-income countries in North America (NA), Europe, and Australia. A mixed sampling/recruitment approach was used to ensure a broad cross-section of PLHIV. Respondents were screened for eligibility prior to receiving access to the online survey. Results 1111 PLHIV were surveyed (74% male, 41% 35–49 years; 39% from NA). The majority (98%) were currently taking ARTs with 53% taking a single tablet regimen. Of those on treatment, 87% were satisfied with their current ART. Overall, results for NA respondents were similar to the global results. Many participants reported emotional challenges associated with their daily HIV treatment experience: 66% agreed taking ART every day was a reminder of their HIV status; 25% agreed being tied to a daily medication limited their day-to-day life; and 29% agreed they felt stressed and under pressure to take their HIV medication at the right time every day. Those not “open” about their HIV status were more likely to feel stressed by their medication and felt that it limited them. 37% of participants frequently or quite often hid their HIV medication to avoid revealing their HIV status, particularly amongst those who reported experiencing stigma or high emotional impact of HIV. 89% felt that advances in treatment will improve their quality of life. Reducing long-term adverse effects of ART and lowering dosing frequency were considered the most important areas for improvement; this was similar across demographics such as country, age, and gender. Conclusion In this international survey of PLHIV, despite overall satisfaction with current ART, significant emotional burden and daily impact of treatment persists. PLHIV consider the reduction of long-term adverse effects and dosing frequency important areas for improving ART. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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