scholarly journals Article Commentary: Becoming FASD Informed: Strengthening Practice and Programs Working with Women with FASD

2016 ◽  
Vol 10s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S34543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Rutman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

There is growing appreciation among health and social care providers, especially those working in community-based programs with women or young people with substance use problems and/or who have experienced violence, maltreatment, or trauma, that a high number of their program participants may have been prenatally exposed to alcohol or have fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This article provides a conceptualization of the key components of an FASD-informed approach. Drawing on the emerging literature and the author's research identifying the support needs and promising approaches in working with women, young adults, and adults with FASD, as well as evaluations of FASD-related programs, the article discusses what an FASD-informed approach is, why it is centrally important in working with women, adults, and young people who may have FASD, underlying principles of an FASD-informed approach, and examples of FASD-informed adaptations to practice, programming, and the physical environment. In this discussion, the benefits of using an FASD-informed approach for service providers and women living with FASD and their families, as well as conceptualization of FASD-informed policy and systems are highlighted.

Elements for developing community-based interventions for adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A scoping review

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Ryan Quan ◽  
E Sharon Brintnell ◽  
Ada WS Leung
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Introduction Current literature about interventions for adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is limited, which is a concern, due to the high prevalence of FASD. FASD creates lifelong physical, mental, cognitive and behavioral deficits, which impacts many aspects of daily living. Community-based interventions are necessary to better support adults with FASD and provide them with the opportunity to achieve success in their daily lives and social participation. This scoping review aimed to identify elements for developing successful community-based interventions for these individuals. Method A search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases and supplementary gray literature was resourced. Articles were selected based on inclusion–exclusion criteria, and a thematic analysis was completed to identify and present relevant findings. Results Seven articles met selection criteria and were included in this review. Six emerging themes were identified: inclusion of a functional context, individualized support, education for service providers, structure and routine, utilizing a strengths-based approach, and environmental adaptations. These themes were used to present the findings related to the elements necessary for developing interventions for adults with FASD. Conclusion The results indicate that the identified elements may be necessary to develop successful interventions, especially community-based interventions, for adults with FASD.

scholarly journals Engaging young people in the design of a sexual reproductive health intervention: Lessons learnt from the Yathu Yathu (“For us, by us”) formative study in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Simuyaba ◽  
Bernadette Hensen ◽  
Mwelwa Phiri ◽  
Chisanga Mwansa ◽  
Lawrence Mwenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Lessons Learnt

Abstract Background Meeting the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents and young people (AYP) requires their meaningful engagement in intervention design. We describe an iterative process of engaging AYP to finalise the design of a community-based, peer-led and incentivised SRH intervention for AYP aged 15–24 in Lusaka and the lessons learnt. Methods Between November 2018 and March 2019, 18 focus group discussions, eight in-depth interviews and six observations were conducted to assess AYP’s knowledge of HIV/SRH services, factors influencing AYP’s sexual behaviour and elicit views on core elements of a proposed intervention, including: community-based spaces (hubs) for service delivery, type of service providers and incentivising service use through prevention points cards (PPC; “loyalty” cards to gain points for accessing services and redeem these for rewards). A total of 230 AYP (15 participated twice in different research activities) and 21 adults (only participated in the community mapping discussions) participated in the research. Participants were purposively selected based on age, sex, where they lived and their roles in the study communities. Data were analysed thematically. Results Alcohol and drug abuse, peer pressure, poverty, unemployment and limited recreation facilities influenced AYP’s sexual behaviours. Adolescent boys and young men lacked knowledge of contraceptive services and all AYP of pre and post exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. AYP stated a preference for accessing services at “hubs” located in the community rather than the health facility. AYP considered the age, sex and training of the providers when choosing whom they were comfortable accessing services from. PPCs were acceptable among AYP despite the loyalty card concept being new to them. AYP suggested financial and school support, electronic devices, clothing and food supplies as rewards. Conclusions Engaging AYP in the design of an SRH intervention was feasible, informative and considered responsive to their needs. Although AYP’s suggestions were diverse, the iterative process of AYP engagement facilitated the design of an intervention that is informed by AYP and implementable. Trial registration This formative study informed the design of this trial: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04060420. Registered 19 August, 2019.

The Patient Satisfaction Interview for Partial Hospitalization Programs

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Corrigan ◽  
Marjory R. Jakus
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Partial Hospitalization ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Partial Hospitalization Program ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The Patient Satisfaction Interview was developed to assess consumers' satisfaction with four dimensions of partial hospitalization programs: the physical environment, the therapists, the treatment strategies, and the preparation for community autonomy. Content validity of the measure was examined and cross-validated by independent samples of expert raters and patients. The measure was then administered to 30 patients participating in a six-month partial hospitalization program. Analyses showed test dimensions had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Six-month stability was good for three of the four scales as well as the over-all test score. Research using the test must examine its utility for description of satisfaction with community-based programs.

Disability “In-Justice”: The Benefits and Challenges of “Yarning” With Young People Undergoing Diagnostic Assessment for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in a Youth Detention Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharynne Hamilton ◽  
Tracy Reibel ◽  
Sarah Maslen ◽  
Rochelle Watkins ◽  
Freeman Jacinta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Detention Center ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Youth Interviews ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Undertaking research with young people presents an array of methodological challenges. We report the findings from a qualitative study that took place alongside a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) prevalence study among detainees in Australia. Of 38 participants, 27 were Aboriginal youth. Interviews were conducted using “social yarning” and “research topic yarning,” an Indigenous research method which allows for data collection in an exploratory, culturally safe way. A complex interplay emerged between social yarning and research topic yarning which provided a space to explore responsively with participants their experiences of FASD assessments. Flexibility, including language adaptation and visual descriptions about assessments, was utilized to assist participants recall and retell their experiences. There were, however, challenges in gathering data on the assessment experiences of some participants. We describe how employing a “yarning” method for collecting data could benefit children and young people undergoing neurodevelopmental assessments in the future.

Community-based 4-level approach: Background, implementation and evidence for efficacy

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S31-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Hegerl ◽  
E. Arensman ◽  
C. van Audenhove ◽  
T. Baader ◽  
R. Gusmão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Intermediate Outcomes ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Competing Interest

The community-based 4-level-intervention concept developed within the “European Alliance against Depression” (http://www.eaad.net/) combines two important aims: to improve the care and treatment of patients with depression and to prevent suicidal behavior. It has been shown to be effective concerning the prevention of suicidal behavior [1–4] and is worldwide the most broadly implemented community-based intervention targeting depression and suicidal behavior. The 4-level intervention concept comprises training and support of primary care providers (level 1), a professional public relation campaign (level 2), training of community facilitators (teacher, priests, geriatric caregivers, pharmacists, journalists) (level 3), and support for self-help of patients with depression and for their relatives (level 4). In order to deepen the understanding of factors influencing the effectiveness of the intervention, a systematic implementation research and process analysis was performed within the EU-funded study “Optimizing Suicide Prevention Programs and Their Implementation in Europe” (http://www.ospi-europe.com/; 7th Framework Programme) [5]. These analyses were based on data from four intervention and four control regions from four European countries. In addition to intervention effects on suicidal behaviour, a variety of intermediate outcomes (e.g. changes in attitude or knowledge in different populations) were considered. Strong synergistic as well as catalytic effects were identified as a result of being active simultaneously at four different levels. Predictable and unpredictable obstacles to a successful implementation of such community-based programs will be discussed. Via the EAAD, the intervention concept and materials (available in eight different languages) are offered to interested region in and outside of Europe.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals ASSESSING MOTOR SKILLS TO INFORM A FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER DIAGNOSIS FOCUSING ON PERSONS OLDER THAN 12 YEARS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. e25-e38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Safe ◽  
Annette Joosten ◽  
Roslyn Giglia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Background Motor impairments are one of the difficulties present in people prenatally exposed to alcohol, and are included in the diagnostic criteria for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Objectives The aim of this review was to examine the extent and common types of motor impairment present in persons aged over 12 years prenatally exposed to alcohol as evidence for determining the skills that should be assessed and addressed in intervention. Methods A systematic review of current evidence using various electronic databases was conducted. Studies were appraised using a recognised clinical appraisal tool. Results Seven studies published between 1998 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria. There is some evidence that difficulties with fine motor skills, visual motor integration, and balance skills persist in people who have been prenatally exposed to alcohol. Most studies did not focus on adolescent or adult participants in isolation, making it difficult to generalise results. Varied methodological designs made it difficult to compare studies as few used common standardised assessments Conclusion A review of functional difficulties in each individual would be required to determine if a motor assessment is warranted. Further research is required using assessments recommended in diagnostic guidelines to determine the common motor difficulties seen in adolescents and adults.

scholarly journals Mexico: Strengthen education on adolescent reproductive health

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
School Based

Unprotected sex among Mexico’s young people often leads to unplanned pregnancy and unwanted births as well as risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. From 1999 to 2002, FRONTIERS worked with the nongovernmental organization MEXFAM to test the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of community-, clinic-, and school-based interventions to improve the reproductive health (RH) of youth aged 10–19. Eight cities were selected as intervention sites, and four as control sites. In the intervention sites, researchers worked with coordinators and “multipliers”—local community members such as teachers, community leaders, health-care providers, and peer educators—who taught courses on adolescent RH. In the community intervention, multipliers conducted outreach through events such as plays, sports events, parades, and concerts. In the clinic-based component, providers offered youth-friendly services at their health facilities. Four of the intervention cities also received a school-based intervention. As concluded in this brief, young people in Mexico have a general knowledge of RH, but their weak understanding of reproductive physiology and STIs makes them vulnerable to the consequences of risky behavior. Program managers should strengthen education on adolescent RH for both young people and service providers.

scholarly journals Health and social care providers’ perspectives of older people’s drinking: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Kate Bareham ◽  
Eileen Kaner ◽  
Liam Spencer ◽  
Barbara Hanratty
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background alcohol may increase risks to late-life health, due to its impact on conditions or medication. Older adults must weigh up the potential risks of drinking against perceived benefits associated with positive roles of alcohol in their social lives. Health and social care workers are in a key position to support older people’s decisions about their alcohol use. Objective to systematically review and synthesise qualitative studies exploring health and social care providers’ views and experiences of older people’s drinking and its management in care services. Method a pre-specified search strategy was applied to five electronic databases from inception to June 2018. Grey literature, relevant journals, references and citations of included articles were searched. Two independent reviewers sifted and quality-appraised articles. Included study findings were analysed through thematic synthesis. Results 18 unique studies were included. Four themes explained findings: uncertainty about drinking as a legitimate concern in care provision for older people; the impact of preconceptions on work with older adults; sensitivity surrounding alcohol use in later life; and negotiating responsibility for older adults’ alcohol use. Discipline- and country-specific patterns are highlighted. Conclusions reservations about addressing alcohol could mean that service providers do not intervene with older adults. Judgements of whether older care recipients’ drinking warrants intervention are complex. Providers will need support and training to recognise and provide appropriate intervention for drinking amongst older care recipients.

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