Chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seguin and A. F. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
True Protein

Kura clover is a perennial rhizomatous forage legume mainly used for grazing in permanent pastures. A study was conducted to determine the ensiling potential of Kura clover by comparing the chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forage of two cultivars (Cossack and Endura). Ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling forages in mini-silos for 50 d. Ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forages were determined by the nylon bag technique using two lactating cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. Results showed that silages of both cultivars were well preserved as indicated by low pH and high lactic acid concentration. Cultivar had little effect on the chemical composition of Kura clover silage. However, ensiling increased (P < 0.05) soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and reduced (P < 0.05) neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein fractions. Ensiling increased NPN and reduced true protein by 87 and 29%, respectively. Results of the in situ study indicated that cultivar had no effect on effective ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), an d neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Relative to fresh forage, ensiled Kura clover had similar effective ruminal degradability of DM (712 g kg-1 of DM) and NDF (417 g kg-1 of NDF) but a higher (P < 0.05) effective ruminal degradability of CP (806 vs. 725 g kg-1 of CP). It was concluded that Kura clover may be preserved as silage with minimal alterations in forage quality. These findings will increase the acceptability of Kura clover by widening possible utilizations. Key words: Forage quality, Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.), protein fractions, ruminal degradability, silage

Characteristics and in situ degradability of whole crop faba bean, pea, and soybean silages

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
True Protein

The objective of this study was to determine the ensiling characteristics and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of faba bean (FS, Vicia faba L.), soybean (SS, Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and pea (PS, Pisum sativum L.) silages. Forages were harvested between the beginning- and full-seed stages and ensiled in mini-silos for 0, 2, 4, 16, and 45 d. Two lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulae were used to determine ruminal nutrient degradabilities. Results showed that all silages went through a rapid fermentation as indicated by rapid decline in pH and sharp increase in lactic acid concentration within the first 2 d of ensiling. Extensive proteolysis took place between day 0 and day 4 post-ensiling as indicated by a significant reduction in true protein (TP) and a significant increase in non-protein nitrogen (NPN). During the 45 d of ensiling, TP decreased (P < 0.05) by 26, 31, and 45% while NPN increased (P < 0.05) by 82, 54, and 47% for FS, SS, and PS, respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the three 45-d silages contained a similar level of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, average 421 g kg-1). Crude protein (CP) was highest (P < 0.05) for FS, intermediate for SS, and lowest for PS. Distribution of protein fractions showed that soluble protein and NPN were highest (P < 0.05) for PS, intermediate for SS, and lowest for FS. Neutral (NDICP) and acid (ADICP) detergent insoluble protein levels followed an opposite order to that observed for soluble crude protein (SCP) and NPN. Results of the in situ study showed that SS and PS had a similar ruminal degradability of dry matter (average 68.8%) and CP (82.9%), which were higher (P < 0.05) than those of FS (66.2 and 79.4%, respectively). However, no differences in ruminal degradability of NDF (average 34.7%) were observed between the three legume silages. Key words: Silage, ensiling, forage quality, nutrient degradability

scholarly journals Ensiling characteristics, ruminal nutrient degradabilities and whole tract nutrient utilization of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) silage

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Berseem Clover ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
True Protein

A study was conducted to determine ensiling characteristics and nutrient utilization by ruminants of berseem clover silage (BCS). Ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling forage in mini-silos for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 70 d. Two lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were utilized to determine ruminal nutrient degradabilities while six ram lambs were used to determine total tract nutrient digestibilities. Ruminal and whole tract nutrient utilization of BCS were compared with those of alfalfa silage (AS). Results showed that BCS went through a rapid fermentation as shown by a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in pH during the first 2 d post-ensiling. Most of the proteolytic activity took place between day 0 and day 2 as indicated by a reduction (P < 0.05) in true protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein and an increase (P < 0.05) in non-protein nitrogen. Relative to AS, BCS had a similar ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), a lower degradability of crude protein (CP), and a higher (P < 0.05) degradability of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Relative to AS, BCS had a higher (P < 0.05) whole-tract digestibility of DM (70.7 vs. 66.0%), organic matter (71.5 vs. 65.9%), NDF (65.6 vs. 54.5), acid detergent fiber (64.6 vs. 54.6) and gross energy (69.6 vs. 64.0), but a lower (P < 0.05) wholetract digestibility of CP (69.2 vs. 75.9%). These results suggest that BSC could replace AS as a forage source for ruminants. Key words: Berseem clover silage, ruminal degradability, total tract nutrient utilization

scholarly journals Chemical composition and rumen degradability of byproducts available in the Amazon region

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Ernestina dos Ribeiro Santos Neta ◽  
Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo ◽  
Daiany Íris Gomes ◽  
Janaina Barros Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Babassu Cake

This study evaluated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and crude protein (CP) in byproducts of African oil palm (palm cake, kernel or fiber), macaúba (pulp cake and kernel cake), acai (acai fruit), babassu (kernel cake) and pineapple (peel, crown and bagasse silage). Nineteen rumen-fistulated sheep were kept in individual stalls, receiving a daily diet composed of elephant grass silage and corn and soybean concentrate. After preparation in nylon bags, the byproduct samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 16, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, with three replicates of each ingredient per incubation time. The divergence between the protein nutritional value and energy nutritional value, based on discriminatory variables between groups, was estimated by cluster analysis. The effective degradability of DM, NDFap and CP for the different byproducts was, respectively, 35.9, 26.9 and 59.0% for palm cake; 48.3, 34.3 and 76.4% for palm kernel; 21.1, 6.6 and 50.3% for palm fiber; 34.3, 15.0 and 52.8% for macaúba pulp cake; 58.1; 63.0 and 51.6% for macaúba kernel cake; 49.7, 49.6 and 41.8% for babassu cake; 53.4, 40.5 and 79.8% for pineapple bagasse silage; and 21.3, 17.0 and 38.9% for acai fruit. Based on their NDFap and CP characteristics, the feeds were clustered in up to four different groups.

Chemical characterization and nutrient availability of high and low fiber canola meal

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
True Protein

Tail-end dehulling separates regular canola meal (CM) into low (LFCM) and high (HFCM) fiber fractions. The study was designed to study the effects of tail-end dehulling of CM on the chemical composition, ruminal nutrient degradability, and intestinal protein availability of the resulting HFCM and LFCM fractions. Relative to LFCM and CM, HFCM had higher (P < 0.05) neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin (ADL) levels. Canola meal had higher (P < 0.05) ADF and ADL but not NDF relative to LFCM. Crude protein (CP) was lower (P < 0.05) in HFCM than in CM and was lower (P < 0.05) in CM than in LFCM. Neutral and acid detergent insoluble CP followed the pattern of NDF and ADF, respectively. Protein fractionation showed no difference in non-protein nitrogen between the three meals. True protein was lower (P < 0.05) in HFCM than CM and LFCM. Sub-fractionation of true protein resulted in a B1 fraction of 148, 145, and 129 g kg−1 for CM, LFCM and HFCM, respectively. Respective values for B2 and B3 fractions were 768, 769, and 751 g kg−1 and 84, 86, and 120 g kg−1. Results indicated that ruminal effective degradability of dry matter and ADF was lower (P < 0.05) in HFCM relative to CM and was lower in CP relative to LFCM. Ruminal effective degradability of CP and NDF was lower in HFCM than in CM and LFCM. No differences were observed between CM and LFCM. Intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein was higher (P < 0.05) in LFCM than in CM and was higher (P < 0.05) in CM than in LFCM. It was concluded that tail-end dehulling of canola meal resulted in a LFCM with higher protein and lower NDF and ADF content and improved nutrient availability and a HFCM with a lower protein and a higher fiber (particularly ADF) content and reduced nutrient availability. Further studies are required to determine the effect of feeding HFCM on ruminant performance. Key words: High fiber, low fiber, canola meal, chemical composition, ruminal degradability

Chemical composition and in situ ruminal nutrient degradability of normal and brown midrib forage pearl millet grown in southwestern Québec

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
F. Hassanat ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Normal Genotype

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of normal and brown midrib (bmr) forage pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grown in southwestern Québec conditions. Forage was harvested twice during the season. Relative to normal genotype, bmr millet contained less (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin and more (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP). Fiber fractions were similar for the two harvests. However, CP content was higher (P < 0.05) in the first than the second harvest. In situ ruminal degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF were all higher (P < 0.05) for bmr than normal forage millet and were not affected by harvest. Key words: Forage quality, pearl millet, ruminal degradability, protein fractions, brown midrib

scholarly journals The influence of compression level and inoculation on biochemical changes in lucerne silages

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Djordjevic ◽  
Goran Grubic ◽  
Bojan Stojanovic ◽  
Aleksa Bozickovic
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
True Protein

The effect of different levels of compression (A1 = 420 gdm-1, A2 = 560 gdm-1) and inoculation (B1 = no inoculant, B2 = with inoculant) on changes in chemical composition, proteolysis and quality of lucerne silage was investigated in this paper. Based on the results of chemical analysis we found that in silages with more compressed material there was a reduction in the amount of ammonia nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and acetic acid, and increased content of protein nitrogen (?true?protein) and production of lactic acid (p<0.05). With the inoculation of the ensiling material the production of ammonia nitrogen and acetic acid was reduced but the content of lactic acid and acidity was increased (p<0.05). The interaction of both investigated factors (A?B) induced a decrease in the proteolysis degree, increase of lactic acid production and decrease in acetic acid production, and decrease in pH values (p<0.001) in investigated silages. The investigated factors had less influence on the chemical composition of lucerne material, and the significant variations were observed in fat and NFE contents. On the basis of this investigation the degree of compression is the most important parameter in ensiling technology. With the adequate compression and reduction of air in the starting material, the aerobic phase is reduced and the activity of proeolytic enzymes is decreased. In practice the special attention should be given to factors on which directly or indirectly the level of compression of ensiled material depends: wilting, cutting, object selection and/or selection of machines used for compression.

Kura clover forage yield, forage quality, and stand dynamics

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Sheaffer ◽  
G. C. Marten
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Perennial Legume

Persistent legumes are needed for livestock production in the northern U.S.A. and Canada. We compared forage yield, forage quality and stands of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), a rhizomatous perennial legume, with commonly grown forage legumes. Kura clover had lower initial stands and yields than most other legumes, but was ultimately among the highest yielding legumes and had greater stand persistence and higher forage digestibility than other legumes when subjected to a diversity of cutting schedules. Key words: Kura clover, forage yield, cutting schedules, persistence

Chemical composition and ruminal degradability of grain pearl millet grown in southwestern Quebec

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif F Mustafa ◽  
Philippe Seguin ◽  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of grain of five hybrids of pearl millet grown in southwestern Quebec. Hybrids were selected because they were poor hosts of the widely prevalent root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin were similar for all hybrids. However, acid detergent fiber (ADF) was higher for CGPMH-1 than CGPMH-7 and CGPMH-38 and was higher for CGPMH-11 and CGPMH-20 than CGPMH-7. Starch content was higher for CGPMH-7 (668 g kg-1 DM) than the other hybrids (average 635 g kg-1 DM). Crude protein (CP) was lower for CGPMH-7 (141 g kg-1 DM) than the other hybrids (average 181 g kg-1 DM). Fatty acid content was higher for CGPMH -11 and CGPMH-20 than CGPMH-38. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in all hybrids and was lower for CGPMH-38 than the other hybrids. Ruminal dry matter degradability was similar for all hybrids (average 69.5%). However, ruminal CP and starch degradabilities were higher for CGPMH-1 and CGPMH-20 than CGPMH-11 and CGPMH-38. It was concluded that grain concentrations of CP, ADF, and starch, and ruminal CP and starch degradabilities of pearl millet varied among hybrid. Key words: Chemical composition, Pearl millet, Ruminal degradability

scholarly journals Ruminal Degradability and Summative Models Evaluation for Total Digestible Nutrients Prediction of Some Forages and Byproducts in Goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Rosendo ◽  
Luis Freitez ◽  
Rafael López
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Lineal Regression

In in vitro true dry matter degradability (IVTDMD), in situ dry matter degradability, and neutral detergent fiber degradability, both in vitro (IVNDFD) and in situ (ISNDFD) techniques were used with crossbred goats to determine dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradability in eight forages and four industrial byproducts. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content obtained with five different summative models (summative equations) were studied to compare the precision of estimates. All these models included digestible fractions of crude protein, ether extract, and nonfiber carbohydrates that were calculated from chemical composition, but digestible NDF (dNDF) was obtained from IVNDFD (IVdNDF), ISNDFD (ISdNDF), or by using the Surface Law approach. On the basis of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the simple lineal regression of predicted TDN (y-axes) and observed IVTDMD (x-axes), the precision of models was tested. The predicted TDN by the National Research Council model exclusively based on chemical composition only explains up to 41% of observed IVTDMD values, whereas the model based on IVdNDF had a high precision (96%) to predict TDN from forage and byproducts fiber when used in goats.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradability of forage soybean cultivars

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
J. C. F. García ◽  
P. Seguin ◽  
O. Marois-Mainguy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of forage soybean cultivar on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and ruminal degradability of silage. Two cultivars of forage soybean (Kodiak and Mammouth) were field-grown, harvested at the R6 stage, and ensiled in mini-silos (n = 3) for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 45 d. Two ruminally fistulated cows were used to determine in situ ruminal nutrient degradabilities of the 45-d silages. Both cultivars went through slow fermentation as indicated by a gradual decline in pH up to day 45 post-ensiling. Lactic acid concentration increased throughout ensiling and was higher for Mammouth than Kodiak except at day 45 post-ensiling. Analysis of the 45-d silages showed that Mammouth contained higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 490 vs. 444 g kg-1), acid detergent fiber (371 vs. 353 g kg-1) and acid detergent lignin (81 vs. 64 g kg-1) than Kodiak. However, crude protein (CP) concentration was higher for Kodiak than Mammouth. Mammouth silage had lower buffer soluble protein and higher neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein concentrations than Kodiak silage. Results of the in situ study indicated that Kodiak silage had greater ruminal dry matter (606 vs. 549 g kg-1), CP (828 vs. 752 g kg -1) and NDF (272 vs. 227 g kg-1) degradabilities than Mammouth. It was concluded that chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of forage soybean silage were significantly influenced by cultivar. Key words: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.], silage, ensiling; forage quality, nutrient degradability

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