scholarly journals Expected genetic responses from selection indexes for Canadian dairy cattle under present and future milk pricing systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sivanadian ◽  
M. M. Lohuis ◽  
J. C. M. Dekkers
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Large Herd ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
Sire Selection

Expected selection responses and profit under alternative milk pricing scenarios for various selection indexes were compared: Lifetime Profit Index (LPI) with 60:40:0:0 emphasis on production:type:herdlife:somatic cell score and 9:2:0 relative weights on Protein:fat:milk, and Total Economic Value (TEV) reflecting the present pricing system, Neutral Total Economic Value (NTEV) and Future Total Economic Value (FTEV) reflecting future milk prices, each with 64:0:26:10 emphasis on production:type:herdlife:somatic cell score and 9:2:0, 1:0:0 and 18:–2:–5 relative weights, respectively, on protein:fat:milk and Large Herd Operator Index (LHO) with 83:17:0:0 emphasis and 13.5:–1.5:0 relative weights. Among the correlations between indexes the lowest was.93 (correlation of LPI with NTEV and FTEV) and the highest was 0.99 (between TEV and NTEV). For present and probable future milk pricing the most profitable sire selection indexes were TEV and FTEV in both whole and grade-only populations. When selection intensity and number of daughters per sire were equal to 1.0 and 50, respectively, profit expressed in Canadian dollars in net present value of lifetime profit of a milking daughter were 231.75 (226.62 in grade population) and 234.89 (229.89 in grade population) from TEV and FTEV respectively. The choice of sire selection indexes depends on individual farmer goals. However, if the total economic merit resulting from typical dairy production is the goal, then TEV and FTEV are advised for short-term and long term selection, respectively. Key words: Index, selection, genetic response, profit, milk pricing

scholarly journals Diverse phenotypic and genetic responses to short-term selection in evolving Escherichia coli populations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus M Dillon ◽  
Nicholas P Rouillard ◽  
Brian Van Dam ◽  
Romain Gallet ◽  
Vaughn S Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Beneficial Mutations ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Genetic Responses

Beneficial mutations fuel adaptation by altering phenotypes that enhance the fit of organisms to their environment. However, the phenotypic effects of mutations often depend on ecological context, making the distribution of effects across multiple environments essential to understanding the true nature of beneficial mutations. Studies that address both the genetic basis and ecological consequences of adaptive mutations remain rare. Here, we characterize the direct and pleiotropic fitness effects of a collection of 21 first-step beneficial mutants derived from naive and adapted genotypes used in a long-term experimental evolution of Escherichia coli. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify most beneficial mutations. In contrast to previous studies, we find diverse fitness effects of mutations selected in a simple environment and few cases of genetic parallelism. The pleiotropic effects of these mutations were predominantly positive but some mutants were highly antagonistic in alternative environments. Further, the fitness effects of mutations derived from the adapted genotypes were dramatically reduced in nearly all environments. These findings suggest that many beneficial variants are accessible from a single point on the fitness landscape, and the fixation of alternative beneficial mutations may have dramatic consequences for niche breadth reduction via metabolic erosion.

Selection indexes for production traits of Canadian dairy sires

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gibson ◽  
N. Graham ◽  
E. B. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

It would be of benefit to the dairy industry to have sires evaluated for the net economic value of their genetic potential for milk-production traits. Economic weights and selection indexes were derived for a variety of production circumstances, taking into account all returns and costs of dairy production and allowing for the existence of quotas. A single index designed for the average farmer in Ontario under a multiple-component pricing system was highly efficient (>98% of maximum gains) for most situations. Changes in pricing of milk caused the largest changes in the index. An index based on the current volume payment with fat correction would cause a 24% loss in efficiency of selection if protein eventually becomes twice the price of fat. A single index was proposed as highly efficient for farmers across Canada irrespective of their production circumstances, provided payment for milk is based on a multiple-component pricing system giving roughly equal value to fat and protein and low value to milk volume. Key words: Selection indexes, economics, milk production, sire selection

scholarly journals Economic Valuation of Pasirpanjang Ecotourism in Lembeh Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustika Permata Sari ◽  
Unstain N. W. J. Rembet ◽  
Joudy R.R. Sangari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Island Conservation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Total Economic Value

Ecotourism is viewed as an economic incentive for the communities living near the protected areas, as well as a tool to enhance their participation to preserve an ecosystem. Pasirpanjang Ecotourism Area in Lembeh Island has been developed since some part of its’ waters were promoted as a Coastal and Small Island Conservation Area of Bitung City in 2014. The aims of this study are to estimate the economic value of Pasirpanjang Ecotourism Area using Zonal Travel Cost Method and resulting a policy recommendation to develop Pasirpanjang Ecotourism. This study was conducted in Pasirpanjang village, Sub-district of South Lembeh on May 2018. The result showed the total economic value of Pasirpanjang Ecotourism is Rp. 1,610,786,697 per annum. The result also indicated the importance of ecotourism concept to be considered by government in managing mangrove ecosystems. The potential value of the area of Pasirpanjang Ecotourism could be considered as a long term economic asset and for the sustainability of the conservation as well.Key Words: Economic Value, Pasirpanjang Ecotourism Area, Economic Incentive, Zonal Travel Cost MethodABSTRAKEkowisata dipandang sebagai insentif ekonomi bagi masyarakat yang berada di sekitar area perlindungan, serta menjadi alat untuk meningkatkan partisipasi mereka dalam upaya pelestarian suatu ekosistem. Ekowisata Pasirpanjang di Pulau Lembeh telah dikembangkan sejak wilayah perairan di sekitarnya dicadangkan sebagai Kawasan Konservasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Kota Bitung pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menaksir nilai ekonomi dari Ekowisata Pasirpanjang menggunakan Metode Biaya Perjalanan Zonasi (Zonal Travel Cost Method) dan menghasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk pengembangan kawasan Ekowisata Pasirpanjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Pasirpanjang di bagian selatan Pulau Lembeh pada bulan Mei 2018. Berdasarkan estimasi nilai ekonomi dari Ekowisata Pasirpanjang adalah sebesar Rp. 1.610.786.697 per tahun. Estimasi nilai tersebut menunjukan pentingnya konsep ekowisata sebagai pertimbangan oleh pemerintah dalam mengelola ekosistem mangrove. Potensi nilai Ekowisata tersebut juga dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai aset ekonomi jangka panjang dan keberlanjutan pelestarian. Kata kunci: Nilai ekonomi, Kawasan Ekowisata Pasirpanjang, Insentif ekonomi, Zonal Travel Cost Method

scholarly journals Economic Valuation of Benefits in Freshwater Ecosystems: Complex Wetlands System Belonging to the San Juan River in the Magdalena Medio Region, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5374
Author(s):  
Lya Sierra ◽  
Wilmer Marin ◽  
Luis Guillermo Castro ◽  
Olga Lucía Hernández-Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
San Juan River ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Benefit Estimation

This paper identifies and assesses the economic value of the main natural benefits relating to the complex system of wetlands (CSW) belonging to the San Juan River in the Colombian Magdalena Medio. This is a region rich in biodiversity and natural resources, which in the past was hit by violence and the actions of different armed groups. Benefit estimation takes into account diverse monetary valuation techniques, such as market prices for direct wetland uses and the transfer of benefits, for the assessment of indirect use and non-use values. The results reveal that the most important values relate to ecotourism (60.1%) as a possible future use of the CSW, the benefit of preventing flooding (28.4%), and the biodiversity that inhabits the area (6.7%). All three values represent the total economic value of the CSW. This research also finds that the benefits of the ecosystems currently provided by the CSW exceed the opportunity cost, represented by the total conversion of the area to livestock. Lastly, the net present value (NPV) of 25 and 75 years, relating to the benefits of the CSW, exceeds the income from the conversion of land to livestock, revealing profitable investments in conservation and ecotourism projects.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF USE LAND IN CONDITIONS OF INFRINGEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Oksana Sakal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Land User ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Welfare Theory

The article is devoted doctrinal issues of environmental and economic effectiveness of use land in conditions of infringement of institutional transformations. The modern approaches to the definition of content of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use are analyzed. It is established that the overwhelming majority of domestic researchers interpret this notion regarding the use of agricultural land or farm land. It is proved that such an approach is justified, taking into account the structure of the land fund of Ukraine. However, this reduces other goals of the land user and functions of the land. It is proposed to investigate the category of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use in accordance with the provisions of the ecological economics, social welfare theory, and concept of total economic value. Based on the classification of land functions, the criteria of selection material content and social form of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use are determined.

scholarly journals Estimating the Total Economic Value of Cultivated Flower Land in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 4764-4782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Huang Huang ◽  
Chiung-Hsia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Total Economic Value

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document