scholarly journals Influence of post-calving supplemental protein on calf performance and reproductive efficiency for beef cows fed silage

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
J. A. Small ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Protein Milk

Protein supplementation for winter-calving beef cows between calving and turnout to pasture was studied in two trials. Changes in cow body weight (BW) and condition and calf BW gains were recorded from calving to weaning in the fall. Reproductive performance was monitored, and in trial 2, milk production was determined. In trial 1, multiparous silage-fed cows were allocated to one of five levels of corn gluten meal (CGM): 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 g d−1. In the second trial, cows were allocated to either restricted or ad libitum silage feeding in combination with three protein supplements: no protein, 400 g d−1 CGM or 475 g d−1 soybean meal (SBM). In trial 1, cows gained weight during supplementation, but on pasture they lost weight (linear effect, P = 0.10). Calf gains and weights at turnout and weaning showed a quadratic response to protein supplementation (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward a linear decline in days to first service with increasing levels of CGM (P < 0.10). In trial 2, cows on restricted silage feeding lost weight (P < 0.05) and body condition (P < 0.10), whereas those fed ad libitum silage gained weight and condition. On pasture, this pattern of weight change was reversed (P < 0.05). Protein supplementation did not influence BW change but tended to cause a lower body condition score at turnout (P = 0.10). Restricting silage intake to the cow did not affect calf performance, but protein supplementation increased gains both during supplementation and on pasture, thus increasing weaning weights (P < 0.05). When silage was fed ad libitum, SBM was more effective than CGM for increasing calf gain. However, when silage was restricted, CGM was more effective. Restricting silage intake did not impair milk production, but feeding CGM increased milk production (P < 0.05). For ad libitum-fed cows, protein supplementation increased pregnancy rate; restricting feed had the opposite effect. Our data suggest that protein supplementation to silage-fed beef cows in good body condition can increase calf performance; however, the level of supplementation is critical, and possible adverse effects on breeding have to be taken into account, particularly with cows in negative energy balance after calving. Key words: Beef cow, protein, milk production, calf gains, silage

Metabolic and endocrine profiles of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland. 1. Relationships between body condition score at calving and metabolic profiles during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Soca ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
M. Claramun ◽  
V. Gestido ◽  
A. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Condition Score

The body condition score (BCS) at calving has been postulated as the main factor in the interaction of nutrition and reproduction in beef-cow ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of BCS at calving on endocrine and metabolic profiles during the transition period in primiparous Hereford cows (n = 56) grazing native grassland. Cow BCS was registered and plasma insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and metabolites (concentrations of urea, albumin, cholesterol, total protein, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)) were determined in plasma from –30 to +45 days postpartum (DPP). The effect of BCS at calving (low ≤3.5 and moderate ≥4; 1–8 visual scale) on BCS evolution and hormone and metabolite concentrations were analysed using a time repeated-measures analysis. Cow BCS, NEFA, urea and IGF-I profiles were affected (P < 0.05) by the BCS at calving and DPP interaction, while insulin tended (P = 0.06) to be affected only by BCS at calving. The low-BCS cows presented a smaller loss of BCS during the prepartum than did moderate-BCS cows, and a delayed BCS recovery during the postpartum. The increase in plasma NEFA was greater (P < 0.05) and started earlier during the prepartum period in the low-BCS cows. Protein concentrations increased during prepartum to +30 DPP, while albumin and urea concentrations were maintained until calving and decreased during the postpartum. Urea concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) during prepartum in low-BCS cows. Concentrations of IGF-I and insulin were greater (P < 0.05) in moderate- than low-BCS cows during prepartum, but did not differ between the groups after calving. No effects were observed in calf weight or milk production at +45 DPP. The association between BCS during prepartum and at calving with the endocrine and metabolic profiles (positive: insulin, IGF-I; negative: NEFA and urea) reflected a better nutritional status and plasticity to negative energy balance on moderate cows. This different endocrine milieu did not affect calf weight and/or milk production. In conclusion, the BCS at calving affected the metabolic and endocrine profile during the transition period of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland.

Effects of supplementation and stocking rate on body condition and production parameters of multiparous beef cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Renquist ◽  
J. W. Oltjen ◽  
R. D. Sainz ◽  
J. M. Connor ◽  
C. C. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Condition Score

AbstractFall-calving multiparous Angus × Hereford cows 3 to 10 years of age were stratified by age in a three by two factorial treatment arrangement to evaluate the efficacy of modifying stocking rate and supplementation strategy to manage cow body condition and production parameters over a 5-year study. Efficacy was evaluated quarterly in association with calving, breeding, weaning, and mid way between weaning and calving (i.e. in August). Three protein supplementation strategies (none, standard, strategic) were imposed across both a moderate (0·3 cows per ha) and a high (0·4 cows per ha) stocking rate. In the strategically supplemented group, protein supplement was provided to cows with a body condition score <5·5 at the quarterly evaluations. There was an effect of supplementation on pregnancy rate, which in combination with previously established culling practices resulted in different age profiles amongst supplementation strategies in years 2 to 5 (P < 0·01). Two statistical analyses were therefore conducted to dissociate the confounding effects of supplementation strategy and age. One model included the effect of stocking rate, supplementation strategy, production year, and all interactions; the second included the addition of age and its interactive effects. Stocking rate and supplementation strategy affected pregnancy rate in each of the models (P = 0·003 and P = 0·10, respectively). Standard, non-supplemented and strategically supplemented animals had estimated pregnancy rates of 0·83, 0·76, and 0·79, respectively (P = 0·10). The effects of nutrition on both calving interval and birth weight were independent of the model employed. Animals that were not supplemented had extended calving intervals (P = 0·06), but there was no effect of stocking rate (P > 0·10). Birth weight was not affected by supplementation strategy or stocking rate (P > 0·10). The lower 205-day weights of calves on a heavy compared with moderate stocking rate was independent of age (P = 0·02). However, the increased 205-day weight of calves born to strategically supplemented cows compared with those born to unsupplemented cows was only evident when data were not corrected for differences in age among groups (P = 0·03). Likewise, analyses of cow condition parameters using models without and with age resulted in different interpretations. These results suggest that strategic and standard supplementation result in similar animal performance and that the improvement in herd productivity associated with altering stocking rate and supplementation may partially be due to altered herd age dynamics.

Effect of body condition and suckling restriction with and without presence of the calf on cow and calf performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Quintans ◽  
G. Banchero ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
C. López-Mazz ◽  
F. Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Calf Performance

Nutrition and suckling are largely recognised as the most important factors affecting the postpartum period and consequently the reproductive efficiency of beef cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body condition score (BCS) and suckling restriction with and without the presence of the calf on milk production, reproductive efficiency and calf performance. Sixty-three crossbred (Angus × Hereford) multiparous cows were managed to maintain different BCS at calving and thereafter (low vs moderate; L, n = 31 and M, n = 32). Within each group of BCS (L and M) at week 9 postpartum (66 ± 0.88 days postpartum) cows were assigned to three suckling treatments (ST): (i) suckling ad libitum (S, n = 20); (ii) calves fitted with nose plates during 14 days remaining with their dams (NP, n = 22); and (iii) calves were completely removed from their dams for 14 days, and thereafter returned (CR, n = 21). Milk production was assessed by milking procedure at Day 65 (the day before onset of ST) and every 20–22 days until the end of the experiment. Cows were bled via jugular venipuncture every 28 days from Day –98 (Day 0 = calving) until Day 66. From Day 66 cows were bled every 7 days until the end of the mating period (Day 128). Concentrations of progesterone, non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate acid and insulin were measured. Presence of corpus luteum (CL) was recorded and maximum follicle diameter was measured in all cows from the onset of the ST (Day 66) and during the following 4 weeks (until Day 94) in a weekly frequency. At Day 94, more cows (P < 0.001) in NP and in CR had CL compared with S cows (68, 57 and 21% for NP, CR and S, respectively). At that time, more cows in M-BCS presented CL than cows in L-BCS (77 vs 25; P < 0.0001). Within M-BCS, there were no differences in milk production between ST groups, while L-BCS cows with NP or CR produced less milk than S cows. Calf liveweight at weaning was 159.3 ± 3.1, 150.1 ± 2.9 and 147.0 ± 3.1 kg for S, NP and CR, respectively (P < 0.001). Suckling restriction with and without the presence of the calf had similar effects on reproductive performance, milk production and calf growth, while BCS interacted with ST to influence milk production. These results indicate that temporary suckling restriction could be an excellent management tool to increase reproductive performance of cows in moderate condition.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM BERBAGAI KUALITAS PADA PRODUKSI AIR SUSU PERANAKAN SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriadi , ◽  
Erna Winarti ◽  
Agus Sancaya
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

<p>Effect of Feeding Ratio with Various Quality on Milk Production of Friesian Holstein Crossbred Cattle in Sleman District of Yogyakarta. The research was conducted from July to October 2013 at the District Integrated Services Unit – Development Unit for Seeds and Feed of Livestocks and Animals Diagnostic under the Sleman Agricultural Agency of Yogyakarta Province. Total of 16 cows on the 2nd or 3rd lactating periods were divided into 3 groups of dietary treatments including a group as the control treatment. Dietary treatments were various feed supplements in the protein contains of (A) 15%, (B) 13% and (C) 12% with energies of (A) 255 cal/100gr, (B) 261 cal /100gr and (C) 274 cal/100gr respectively. The control treatment was local feed product with 12% of crude protein. The mixture of young corn forage and king grass was provided ad libitum as well as water. The result showed that the milk production of treatments group had no differences (p&gt;0.05) from the control group’s. However the average production of milk of group C was higher than group A and B, while the lowest production was from the control group. The milk production of cows of treated groups increased up to 18%. The financial efficiency of feed were IDR3.000 (group A), IDR4.000 (group B) and IDR5.000 (group C). As a result, even the feed treatments have not increase the milk production yet, on the other hand the feed supplements could considerably maintain body condition score (BCS). </p><p>Keywords: Feed supplement, milk production, financial efficiency</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2013 di Unit Pelayanan Terpadu Daerah – Balai Pengembangan Bibit Pakan Ternak dan Diagnostik Kehewanan (UPTD BPBPTDK) Dinas Pertanian Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sebanyak 16 ekor sapi perah yang sedang laktasi ke 2 dan 3 dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan pakan dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 4 ekor ulangan. Kandungan protein kasar masing-masing perlakuan berkisar 15% (A); 13% (B); dan 12% (C) dengan kandungan energy 255 kal/100gr (A), 261 kal/100gr (B) dan 274 kal/100gr (C). Kontrol perlakuan berupa pakan konsentrat yang dibeli di pasar sekitar wilayah penelitian yang mengandung 12% protein kasar. Hijauan yang diberikan berupa tanaman jagung muda (tebon) dan rumput raja diberikan ad libitum begitu pula air minum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata–rata produksi air susu sapi penelitian berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam tidak ada perbedaan (P&gt;0,05) antara perlakuan dan kontrol. Perbandingan produksi air susu antara sebelum dan sesudah diperlakukan berdasarkan uji t menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Produksi setelah perlakuan menunjukan kenaikan 18% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produksi sebelum perlakuan. Perhitungan<br />efisiensi harga pakan dalam satu kali pemberian per ekor per hari antara harga pakan kontrol dengan harga pakan 48 Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Vol. 20, No.1, Maret 2017: 47-58 perlakuan, lebih murah harga pakan perlakuan dengan selisih harga untuk masing-masing perlakuan adalah: perlakuan A (Rp3.000), perlakuan B (Rp4.000) dan perlakuan C (Rp5.000). Perlakuan pakan A, B dan C secara umum dapat<br />mempertahankan BCS (body condition score). Dengan demikian, formula pakan perlakuan dapat mempertahankan BCS, tetapi belum bisa meningkatkan jumlah produksi air susu selama laktasi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Konsentrat, produksi air susu, efisiensi</p>

Nutritional needs of cattle in the hills and uplands

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
P. J. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Summer Grazing

AbstractSystems of management of beef cows in the hills and uplands seek to make use of the cow's ability to utilise body tissue to maintain production during periods of undernutrition in winter and to replenish body reserves from relatively inexpensive summer grazing.In spring-calving cows, the periods of winter undernutrition occur during late pregnancy and the early months of lactation. On upland farms, cows with adequate body reserves (condition score 3.5) at the beginning of winter, fed less than 50 MJ ME per day during the final 3 months of gestation and 70 MJ ME per day during the first 2 months of lactation, will lose about 1.5 units of body condition but such a regime will not necessarily result in biologically significant production penalties. Fertilised ryegrass swards maintained at 8 cm sward surface height during the grazing season will support levels of milk production of around 11 kg per day, calf growth rates of the order of 1.2 kg per day and allow full recovery of cow body weight and condition. In hill herds, the magnitude of losses in weight and condition over winter must be restricted to the extent of the recovery which the quality of summer grazing will support.Similar considerations apply in autumn-calving herds, where the greater part or all of lactation coincides with the period of winter feeding. Cows calving at a body condition score of 3.0 can be fed 75 MJ ME per day from before to one month after mating without prejudicing reproductive performance, and 60-65 MJ ME per day from then until turnout. Where good quality pasture is available, milk production will increase from around 5 to more than 9 kg per day following turnout, calf performance will be enhanced by delaying weaning and cows will recover in full the weight and condition lost during winter. In the hill situation, calves may require to be weaned at turnout if full cow recovery is to be achieved.Studies on the nutrition of the weaned suckled calf indicate that a policy of feeding weaned calves inexpensively during winter to gain between 0.3 and 0.5 kg per day may constitute a viable alternative to the traditional practice of selling calves in the autumn. Such animals will achieve significantly higher growth rates at pasture in the following summer than calves fed more generously and gaining weight more rapidly during winter.On some hill farms where opportunities for the conservation of winter fodder are limited but where there is plentiful summer grazing, a system of June calving followed by a short lactation, and in which calves are only very moderately fed over winter, merits consideration.The areas in which further research is most urgently required to effect significant improvements in efficiency are those concerned with the relationship between nutrition and reproductive efficiency and the induction of twinning in cows.

scholarly journals Body condition score at lambing and performance of Santa Inês ewes with an offspring during lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 809-826
Author(s):  
Edson Luis de Azambuja Ribeiro ◽  
◽  
Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Odimári Pricila Prado-Calixto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Santa Inês

The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the performance of Santa Inês ewes according to their body condition score (BCS) at lambing. Data from 135 adult ewes, with singletons, were used. Ewes were divided into three distinct groups: 1) Bellow average: BCS less than 2.5 points (n = 44); 2) Average: BCS between 2.5 and 3.0 (n = 53); and 3) Above average: BCS greater than 3.0 (n = 38). The scale for BCS varied from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very fat). The individual BW, BCS, metabolic profile, milk production and composition of ewes as well as their lambs’ performance until weaning were considered. Metabolic profile was monitored at -7, +7 and +60 days relative to lambing. It was observed that ewes with higher BCS were also heavier; however, there were no differences among the groups for weights of lambs at birth and weaning (70 days). As there was no difference in milk production and composition, the average daily weight gain of the lambs was also similar for the different BCS groups. The metabolic profile (glucose, ?-hydroxibutyrate, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, hemoglobin, albumin, total protein and aspartate aminotransferase - AST) was also similar among the groups. However, when the metabolic profile was compared among the different physiological stages relative to lambing, some differences were observed. For example, ?-hydroxibutyrate was greater during the peripartum period, and glucose was greater in the lactation phase. As conclusion we could say that even in a situation of poor BCS, Santa Inês ewes have the physiological capacity to adapt themselves to the negative energy balance like those of the periparturient period. It seems that irrespective of the BCS, ewes prioritized lactation and were able to produce enough milk to accordingly nurse their lambs

scholarly journals The Capacity of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental Cows to Correct a Negative Energy Balance in Relation to Their Performance Parameters, Course of Lactation, and Selected Milk Components

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Ilona Strączek ◽  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Agata Danielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Peak Lactation

A significant factor in improving the performance of dairy cows is their physiological ability to correct a negative energy balance (NEB). This study, using Simmental (SIM) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows, aimed to assess changes in NEB (non-esterified fatty acid; body condition score; and C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1) and its effect on the metabolic efficiency of the liver (β-hydroxybutyrate and urea). The effects of NEB on daily yield, production at peak lactation and its duration, and changes in selected milk components were assessed during complete lactation. Up to peak lactation, the loss of the body condition score was similar in both breeds. Subsequently, SIM cows more efficiently restored their BCS. HF cows reached peak lactation faster and with a higher milk yield, but they were less able to correct NEB. During lactation, their non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and urea levels were persistently higher, which may indicate less efficient liver function during NEB. The dynamics of NEB were linked to levels of leptin, which has anorectic effects. Its content was usually higher in HF cows and during intensive lactogenesis. An effective response to NEB may be exploited to improve the production and nutritional properties of milk. In the long term, it may extend dairy cows’ productive life and increase lifetime yield.

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