Metabolic and endocrine profiles of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland. 1. Relationships between body condition score at calving and metabolic profiles during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Soca ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
M. Claramun ◽  
V. Gestido ◽  
A. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Condition Score

The body condition score (BCS) at calving has been postulated as the main factor in the interaction of nutrition and reproduction in beef-cow ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of BCS at calving on endocrine and metabolic profiles during the transition period in primiparous Hereford cows (n = 56) grazing native grassland. Cow BCS was registered and plasma insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and metabolites (concentrations of urea, albumin, cholesterol, total protein, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)) were determined in plasma from –30 to +45 days postpartum (DPP). The effect of BCS at calving (low ≤3.5 and moderate ≥4; 1–8 visual scale) on BCS evolution and hormone and metabolite concentrations were analysed using a time repeated-measures analysis. Cow BCS, NEFA, urea and IGF-I profiles were affected (P < 0.05) by the BCS at calving and DPP interaction, while insulin tended (P = 0.06) to be affected only by BCS at calving. The low-BCS cows presented a smaller loss of BCS during the prepartum than did moderate-BCS cows, and a delayed BCS recovery during the postpartum. The increase in plasma NEFA was greater (P < 0.05) and started earlier during the prepartum period in the low-BCS cows. Protein concentrations increased during prepartum to +30 DPP, while albumin and urea concentrations were maintained until calving and decreased during the postpartum. Urea concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) during prepartum in low-BCS cows. Concentrations of IGF-I and insulin were greater (P < 0.05) in moderate- than low-BCS cows during prepartum, but did not differ between the groups after calving. No effects were observed in calf weight or milk production at +45 DPP. The association between BCS during prepartum and at calving with the endocrine and metabolic profiles (positive: insulin, IGF-I; negative: NEFA and urea) reflected a better nutritional status and plasticity to negative energy balance on moderate cows. This different endocrine milieu did not affect calf weight and/or milk production. In conclusion, the BCS at calving affected the metabolic and endocrine profile during the transition period of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland.

Metabolic and endocrine profiles of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland. 2. Effects of body condition score at calving, type of suckling restriction and flushing on plasmatic and productive parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Soca ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
M. Claramunt ◽  
G. Ruprechter ◽  
A. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Endocrine Profiles ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Condition Score

The objective of the present experiment was to analyse the effect of body condition score (BCS) at calving, type of suckling restriction and flushing on metabolic and endocrine profiles, and productive and reproductive responses of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland. Primiparous beef (n = 56) cows in anestrus classified by BCS at calving (low ≤3.5 and moderate ≥4; 1–8 visual scale) were assigned randomly to four treatments in a two by two factorial arrangement of type of suckling restriction and flushing. Type of suckling restriction started at 55 ± 10 days postpartum (DPP ± s.e.m.; Day 0 = initiation of the treatment) and consisted of applying nose plates to calves for 12 days (i.e. TS treatment) or 5 days of isolation of the cow–calf pair, followed by applying nose plates to calves for 7 days as calves were reunited with their mothers (i.e. IS treatment). Immediately after the suckling restriction treatments were finished, the breeding season started, and each cow received (flushing group) or not (control group) 2 kg/day (fresh basis) of whole-rice middling for 22 days. The BCS was superior in moderate-BCS cows through the experiment. The type of suckling restriction did not affect any plasma parameter, but insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations increased in all cows during suckling restriction. Cholesterol concentration was affected by flushing × day interaction (P < 0.05), while insulin and IGF-I concentrations were affected by the interaction among BCS at calving, flushing and days (P < 0.03). Flushing increased cholesterol concentration in both BCS groups at calving, while insulin and IGF-I concentrations increased during flushing only in moderate-BCS cows. Suckling restriction, flushing, and BCS at calving did not affect calf weight or milk production. Moderate BCS cows had a shorter postpartum anestrous interval (PPI) (98 vs 123 DPP; P < 0.01). Isolated type of suckling reduced postpartum anestrous interval when compared with TS treatment (97 vs 115 DPP, P < 0.05). Early pregnancy rate was greater in flushed than in control cows (0.8 vs 0.55, P < 0.01) and in moderate-BCS cows than in low-BCS cows (0.84 vs 0.46, P < 0.01). Total pregnancy rate was also greater in flushed and moderate cows and tended to be affected by the interaction between flushing and BCS at calving (P = 0.06; flushed cows: moderate = 1 vs low = 0.5, P < 0.08; and control cows: moderate = 0.8 vs low = 0.4, P < 0.09). These results confirmed the great value of suckling restriction and flushing during post-calving and relevance of BCS at calving as a link between energetic nutrition and metabolic and reproductive processes in primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland.

scholarly journals PSX-2 Growth and lactating performance of ewes fed with different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Santos ◽  
Luciano Brochine ◽  
Vanderlei Benetel Junior ◽  
Maria Laura R Coelho ◽  
Augusto H Gameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production, body weight, and body condition score (BCS) of ewes fed with different energy levels. Seventy-one ewes were used and distributed in three treatments according to the metabolizable energy (ME, Mcal/kg) levels in the diet: CTL = according to the NRC (2007) recommendation for each stage (gestation and lactation); PLUS = CTL plus 10% of ME per kilogram of dry matter; LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter. Body weight and body condition score were evaluated a week before the expected date of parturition, a week after giving birth, and at weaning (60 days). Dairy production was evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after giving birth by the indirect method of the two weighing. The experimental design was analyzed as randomized complete blocks. There were no differences on milk production during almost all the lactation curve. Only on day 50 (P = 0.051), CTL was still at peak, while LESS and PLUS had already decreased their production. However, at 60 days, all treatments were already with low production, justifying weaning in this period. Results of weight and BCS showed a significant difference in all periods evaluates. Ewes in the PLUS diet had greater BW and BCS. The BCS before giving birth is expected to be over 3.5 and treatment LESS was the only one that did not achieve this score (2.66, 3.37, 3.83 for LESS, CTL, and PLUS, respectively). At weaning, ewes fed PLUS and CTL had BCS of 3.51 and 2.92, respectively, but treatment LESS had only 1.82. That is prejudicial for the next mating seasonal and this animal. We concluded that LESS diet interfered with the body reserves of sheep.

Effect of herbage allowance on productive and reproductive responses of primiparous beef cows grazing on Campos grassland

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Claramunt ◽  
Andrea Fernández-Foren ◽  
Pablo Soca
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Condition Score

The effects of two levels of herbage allowance (HA, kg DM/kg liveweight (LW)) on forage mass and chemical composition, cow body condition score, cow LW, stocking rate, productive and reproductive responses were evaluated during two consecutive years. Eighty primiparous spring-calving beef cows were allocated to a completely randomised block design of two HA that had an annual average of 2.5 (low) and 4.0 kg DM/kg LW (high) from –150 to 195 days postpartum. The grazing system was continuous, and the put-and-take method was employed to adjust HA. At 86 ± 12 days postpartum, all cows were submitted to calf suckling restrictions with nose plates (12 days) and dietary flushing (2 kg/cow.day of whole-rice bran for 22 days), 6 days before bull introduction. Forage mass was affected by HA (P = 0.004) and year (P = 0.014); the high HA had a greater forage mass than the low HA (1474 vs 1212 ± 86 kg DM/ha; P < 0.05), and Year 2 had a greater forage mass than Year 1 (1545 vs 1134 ± 78 kg DM/ha; P < 0.05). Stocking rate was affected by HA and season (P = 0.0004) interaction. The stocking rate during autumn and spring was greater in low than high HA, and no differences were identified in winter and summer. The body condition score was improved in high HA during autumn and resulted in a greater winter (mid-gestation) body condition score than the low HA without differences during spring-summer (postpartum). Cow LW was lower during autumn, winter and early postpartum (16 days postpartum) in low HA in Year 1 than high HA of Year 1 and high and low HA cows in Year 2. Furthermore, the probability of total pregnancies (0.88 vs 0.59 ± 0.07; P = 0.01) and the calf weight adjusted to 205 days (194 vs 175 ± 16 kg; P < 0.05) were greater in high HA. Calf weight adjusted to 205 days (Year 1: 192 vs Year 2: 177 ± 16 kg; P < 0.05) and survival curves of postpartum anoestrus (P = 0.01) were affected by year but did not affect the probability of conception, early or total pregnancies. In conclusion, the reproductive and productive responses of primiparous beef cows grazing Campos grasslands were improved in high HA and could contribute to alleviating adverse climatic conditions effects.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA BODY CONDITION SCORE (BCS) DENGAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (FH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Melsa Netika ◽  
Roesno Darsono ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Imam Mustofa ◽  
Ismudiono Ismudiono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Condition Score

The aim of this research was to observe the Body Condition Score (BCS) and milk production of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattles. 144 of dairy cattles divided into 3 groups based on BCS 1-9 scale. The results showed that Y = 6.62 + 5.54X - 5.78X2. Coefficient of determination (R2) of 20.6 this mean any increase in milk production by 20.6% is affected by BCS. It can be concluded that there is a correlation between Body Condition Score (BCS) and milk production. The higher BCS (BCS 7-8) the lower milk production, while in ideal BCS production (5-6) the production of milk is optimize.

scholarly journals Validation of body condition score system in Holstein x Zebu cows via ultrasound method during the transition period and early lactation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3797
Author(s):  
Narjara Rodrigues Gentil ◽  
Anselmo Domingos Ferreira Santos ◽  
Mikaele Alexandre Pereira ◽  
Mariana Santos Lima ◽  
José Cláudio Torres Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Zebu Cows

This study aims to validate, by means of subcutaneous rump fat thickness (RFT), the suitability of the visual evaluation of body condition score (BCS) to indicate the body condition of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Zebu) during the transition period and early lactation. Animals were selected according to lactation period and distributed into three groups: PP (0 to 4 weeks antepartum; n = 30), L4 (0 to 4 weeks postpartum; n = 15), and L + 5 (5 to 14 weeks postpartum; n = 63). The relationship among RFT, BCS, and body weight (BW) was investigated using correlation and regression analyses. The variables BCS, RFT, and BW were different among the three groups (P < 0.05). The correlations between BCS and RFT were higher in groups PP and L + 5 (r = 0.78 and r = 0.71 respectively). However, the L4 group showed a weak correlation (r = -0.04). The regression models were able to explain how much RFT varies because of changes in BCS, with coefficients of determination equal to 0.61 for PP and 0.51 for L + 5 group. In conclusion, BCS can be considered a good predictor of RFT for crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows in antepartum and postpartum for over 5 weeks of lactation.

scholarly journals The analysis of the milk production and the body condition on two Saanen goat-farms

2009 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Myrtill Kocsisné Gráff ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
Sándor Kukovics
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Production Change ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The authors carried out an examination on two Saanen goat farms during four months from May to August 2008. The body condition score and milk production of the goats were measured. In data processing analysis of variance was used to compare the data of the studied farms. They tried to find the answer for the question how the body condition scores and milk production change in each month. The changes observed in each farm were examined separately then they compared the values of the two farms.. On one of the farms the nutrition was proper therefore with an ideal, intermediate body condition (average 2.73) the goats produced a good amount of milk (2.5 milk-kg/mother/day). On the other farm the nutrition was not proper, therefore the body condition of the goats was weak (average 1.88). Their milk production decreased significantly from month to month (average 2.35 milk-kg/mother/day). The authors could conclude considering both farms that the more milk the goats produced, the lower their body condition score became. The two parameters showed negative correlation.

scholarly journals Effect of administering energy supplement in feed on body condition and performance of high-yield dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Milan Adamovic ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Radisa Prodanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of the investigations presented in this work was to establish the effects of a glycerol-based energy supplement in the diet of high-yield dairy cows on their body condition and production results during the early stage of lactation. Forty-seven cows were selected before calving, and they were divided into two groups: controls (n=26) and experimental (n=21). Cows of the experimental group were administered the preparation 'Energy Top' (Biochem GMBH, Germany), in a quantity of 250 ml daily during the final two weeks of the dry period and until the 60th day of lactation. The body condition score (BCS) of all cows was determined 10 days before calving, and on days 15 and 60 after calving. Blood samples were taken 10 days before and 15 days after calving, and concentrations of glucose and beta hydroxi-butyric acid (BHBA) were determined in all samples. Average daily milk production of all cows was measured on days 30 and 60 of lactation. The results showed that the differences in BCS between the dry period and puerperium, or the dry period and the 60th day of lactation, were within physiological values in the experimental group of cows, and higher than physiological values in the control group. Glucose concentration was statistically significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group of cows 10 days before calving (p<0.05) and 15 days after calving (p<0.01). Fifteen days after calving, the BHBA concentration in the control group of cows was significantly higher (p<0.01) than in the experimental group. On days 30 and 60 of lactation, the milk yield of experimental cows was higher than of those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The obtained results indicate that energy supplements should be used as an integral part of the feed ration during the peripartal period in order to prevent changes in the body condition score of cows by more than 0.7 points, and also that, in cows with a daily milk production of up to 30 l, an energy supplement has a stimulatory effect on milk production until the establishing of an energy balance, in this case, until around the 30th day following calving. .

Nutritional needs of cattle in the hills and uplands

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
P. J. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Summer Grazing

AbstractSystems of management of beef cows in the hills and uplands seek to make use of the cow's ability to utilise body tissue to maintain production during periods of undernutrition in winter and to replenish body reserves from relatively inexpensive summer grazing.In spring-calving cows, the periods of winter undernutrition occur during late pregnancy and the early months of lactation. On upland farms, cows with adequate body reserves (condition score 3.5) at the beginning of winter, fed less than 50 MJ ME per day during the final 3 months of gestation and 70 MJ ME per day during the first 2 months of lactation, will lose about 1.5 units of body condition but such a regime will not necessarily result in biologically significant production penalties. Fertilised ryegrass swards maintained at 8 cm sward surface height during the grazing season will support levels of milk production of around 11 kg per day, calf growth rates of the order of 1.2 kg per day and allow full recovery of cow body weight and condition. In hill herds, the magnitude of losses in weight and condition over winter must be restricted to the extent of the recovery which the quality of summer grazing will support.Similar considerations apply in autumn-calving herds, where the greater part or all of lactation coincides with the period of winter feeding. Cows calving at a body condition score of 3.0 can be fed 75 MJ ME per day from before to one month after mating without prejudicing reproductive performance, and 60-65 MJ ME per day from then until turnout. Where good quality pasture is available, milk production will increase from around 5 to more than 9 kg per day following turnout, calf performance will be enhanced by delaying weaning and cows will recover in full the weight and condition lost during winter. In the hill situation, calves may require to be weaned at turnout if full cow recovery is to be achieved.Studies on the nutrition of the weaned suckled calf indicate that a policy of feeding weaned calves inexpensively during winter to gain between 0.3 and 0.5 kg per day may constitute a viable alternative to the traditional practice of selling calves in the autumn. Such animals will achieve significantly higher growth rates at pasture in the following summer than calves fed more generously and gaining weight more rapidly during winter.On some hill farms where opportunities for the conservation of winter fodder are limited but where there is plentiful summer grazing, a system of June calving followed by a short lactation, and in which calves are only very moderately fed over winter, merits consideration.The areas in which further research is most urgently required to effect significant improvements in efficiency are those concerned with the relationship between nutrition and reproductive efficiency and the induction of twinning in cows.

scholarly journals Effects of Calving Body Condition Score on Blood Acid–Base Balance of Primiparous Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows in a Commercial Dairy Farm: A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Muiño ◽  
Joaquín Hernández ◽  
José L. Benedito ◽  
Cristina Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Condition Score

The study was carried out on 27 healthy primiparous Holstein heifers (620 ± 50 kg) kept in a commercial dairy herd. The animals were divided into two groups taking into account the body condition score (BCS) index: BCS < 3.5, n = 12; BCS > 3.5 n = 15. The study period started one month before calving (BC), and ran until one month after calving (AC). Venous blood samples were collected 1 month and 1 week BC, and 1 week and 1 month AC. This study had two objectives: (i) to assess whether a higher or lower BCS affected total milk production and its quality; (ii) to assess changes in the internal fluid (venous pH; partial pressure of CO2, ppCO2; bicarbonate; total CO2, TCO2; base excess, BE; electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl−; and anion gap, AG) that occur during this phase depending on the BCS. We can conclude that the BCS at calving does not affect the productive status during lactation, both in terms of the quantity and quality of milk produced. The excess of crude protein (CP) added through the ration in the lactation phase can trigger a tendency to an alkalotic state, in this case compensated by respiratory buffering mechanisms, as reflected by the TCO2. The changes in electrolytes are a reflection of the movement of free water for milk production, where a balance between measurable anions and cations is observed.

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