Decreased fertility with increasing parity in lactating dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balendran ◽  
M. Gordon ◽  
T. Pretheeban ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
R. Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Key Words Pregnancy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The relationships of parity and progesterone (P4) concentrations during the bred cycle with pregnancy rate (PR) were examined in this study. Breeding records of 163 Holstein heifers and cows (in 1st parity, 2nd parity, and 3rd or 4th parity) from the Uuniversity of British Columbia Dairy Education and Research Centre were used to compare PR among heifers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd/4th parity cows. Blood or milk samples collected from 10 animals of each treatment group were assayed to compare P4 concentrations among treatment groups. Statistical analysis showed that the heifers' first insemination PR (67.9%) was higher (P < 0.05) from 1st parity (42.9%), 2nd parity, (20.0%) and 3rd/4th parity cows (11.9%). P4 concentrations were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Key words: Pregnancy rate, progesterone, parity, cows, heifers

scholarly journals Pregnancy rates and peripheral progesterone levels following Ovsynch or CIDR ovulation synchronization/timed artificial insemination protocols in postpartum dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-461
Author(s):  
M. Aali ◽  
T. Pretheeban ◽  
G. Giritharan ◽  
R. Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Key Words Pregnancy ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Rectal Palpation

Peripheral progesterone (P4) concentrations as well as pregnancy rates (PR) between cows treated with Ovsynch or CIDR ovulation synchronization/TAI protocols were compared. Two hundred and twenty-seven postpartum lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to Ovsynch (n = 111) or CIDR (n = 116) ovulation synchronization/TAI protocols. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at day 35 after TAI and later confirmed by rectal palpation at day 60 post TAI. Milk samples were taken from the beginning of treatment (day -10) until day 35 after TAI (day 0) for P4 determination. Pregnancy rates for Ovsynch and CIDR groups of cows were 31 and 41%, respectively. The PR of ovulation synchronized cows for Ovsynch and CIDR groups were 49 and 69%, respectively. Progesterone levels during the sampling period were similar (P > 0.05) between Ovsynch and CIDR treated cows. Key words: Pregnancy rate, progesterone, Ovsynch, CIDR, cows

19 PREGNANCY RATES IN DAIRY COWS TREATED WITH INTRAVAGINAL PROGESTERONE DEVICES AND DIFFERENT FIXED-TIME AI PROTOCOLS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Veneranda ◽  
L. Filippi ◽  
D. Racca ◽  
G. Romero ◽  
E. Balla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
To Receive

Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of different treatments for the synchronization of ovulation on pregnancy rates following fixed-time AI (FTAI) of lactating dairy cows. In Experiment 1, 394 Holstein cows that were 61.7 � 13.6 days postpartum (range 35 to 94 days), with a milk yield of 30.7 � 6.8 liters per day (range 12.0 to 52.4 liters) and a body condition score (BCS) between 2.5 to 3.5 out of 5, were used. Cows were blocked by days postpartum and milk yield and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Cows in P4+EB treatment groups received an intravaginal DIB device (1 g P4; Syntex, Argentina) and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB; Syntex) i.m. on Day 0. On Day 8, DIB devices were removed, and cows received PGF (150 �g D+cloprostenol: Ciclase; Syntex), and were subdivided to receive 400 IU eCG (Novormon 5000, Syntex) i.m. or no further treatment at that time. On Day 9, all cows received 1 mg of EB and were FTAI 60 h after DIB removal. Cows in P4-Synch groups received a DIB device and 50 �g of GnRH (Lecirelina, Gonasyn; Syntex) i.m. on Day 0. On Day 7, DIB devices were removed; cows received PGF and were divided to receive 400 IU eCG i.m. or no further treatment. On Day 9, all cows received a second GnRH treatment and were FTAI 60 h after DIB removal. Blood samples were taken on Days -10 and 0 to determine plasma P4 concentrations; 93% of the cows had >1 ng/mL P4 in at least one sample. In Experiment 2, 200 lactating cows from the same farm were treated with the P4+EB+eCG and P4-Synch without eCG treatments with either a DIB or a CIDR-B (1.9 g P4; Pfizer Animal Health, Groton, CT, USA) in a 2 � 2 factorial design. Cows were examined by rectal palpation 50 days after FTAI to determine pregnancy status, and data were analyzed by chi-square Mantel-Haenszel test. There was an EB/GnRH by eCG interaction (P < 0.05) which was attributed to a higher pregnancy rate in the P4+EB+eCG group (44/98; 44.9%) than in the P4+EB without eCG group (30/100; 30.0%) and P4-Synch+eCG group (30/98; 30.6%); the P4-Synch without eCG group had an intermediate pregnancy rate that did not differ from the other treatment groups (37/98; 38.8%). In Experiment 2, no significant differences (P = 0.40) in pregnancy rates were detected between cows treated with DIB (51/100; 51.0%) or CIDR-B (42/100; 42.0%), and there was no difference (P = 0.18) between P4+EB+eCG (52/100; 52.0%) and P4-Synch without eCG (41/100; 41.0%) treated groups. Results suggest that the addition of eCG will improve pregnancy rates following FTAI in lactating dairy cows treated with EB but not in those treated with GnRH at the time of insertion and after removal of a P4 releasing device. Although treatment with P4+EB+eCG resulted in numerically higher pregnancy rates, results were not different from those obtained in the GnRH-based treatment, without the addition of eCG.

22 PREGNANCY RATES IN DAIRY COWS TREATED WITH PROGESTERONE-RELEASING DEVICES AND DIFFERENT GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE OR ESTRADIOL PLUS EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROTOCOLS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Veneranda ◽  
L. Filippi ◽  
D. Racca ◽  
L. Cutaia ◽  
G. A. Bo
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

We have previously shown that the addition of eCG improved pregnancy rates following fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in lactating dairy cows treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone releasing devices (Veneranda et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 118). An experiment was designed to compare pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows treated with progesterone-releasing devices and EB plus eCG with different gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based protocols. Five-hundred lactating dairy cows between 30 and 51 days postpartum (when prostaglandin F (PGF) treatments were given in the Pre-Synch groups), with a milk yield of 29.5 � 7.0 kg per day (range 13.0 to 46.0 kg) and a body condition score (BCS) between 2.5 to 3.5 out of 5 were used. Cows were blocked by days postpartum and randomly assigned to five treatment groups. Cows in the Pre-Synch group received PGF 28 and 14 days prior to the insertion of a DIB device (1 g progesterone, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and the administration of 50 µg of Lecirelin (GnRH, Ovusin, Syntex SA) IM (Day 0). On Day 7, DIB were removed and cows received PGF (0.5 mg cloprostenol, Ciclase, Syntex SA). On Day 9, cows received a second GnRH treatment and were FTAI 16 h later (60 h after device removal). Cows in the Modified Pre-Synch group were treated similarly except that they received a DIB for 7 days prior to the second PGF injection and no DIB at the time of the first GnRH. Cows in the P4-Synch group were treated as those in the Pre-synch group but did not receive the two doses of PGF 28 and 14 days earlier. Cows in the P4 + EB + eCG groups received a DIB for 8 days, 2 mg of EB at DIB insertion (Day 0), and PGF and 400 IU eCG (Novormon, Syntex SA) IM at DIB removal (Day 8); they were subdivided to receive 1 mg of EB on Day 9 (P4 + EB + eCG + EB group) or GnRH on Day 10 (P4 + EB + eCG + GnRH group). Cows in these latter two groups were also FTAI 60 h after device removal. Pregnancy was determined by rectal palpation 50 days after FTAI and data were analyzed by logistic regression. Pregnancy rates were not affected by BCS, days postpartum, or milk yield (P > 0.5). However, there was a significant group effect due to a higher (P < 0.05) pregnancy rate in the P4 + EB + eCG + EB (49%) and P4 + EB + eCG + GnRH (44%) treatment groups than in those in the Modified Pre-Synch group (30%). Pregnancy rate in the P4-Synch group (39%) was lower (P < 0.05) than those in the P4 + EB + eCG + EB group but not different from the others. Finally, pregnancy rate in Pre-Synch group (41%) was intermediate and not different from the other treatment groups. Results of these experiments suggest that treatments with progesterone-releasing devices, EB, and eCG result in pregnancy rates that are comparable to or better than those obtained in GnRH-based protocols in lactating dairy cows. Further studies are needed to investigate whether eCG could increase pregnancy rates in cows treated with GnRH and progesterone-releasing devices. The authors thank Syntex SA for providing the hormones used in the study.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Hika Waktole ◽  
Yohannes Equar Messele
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Genomic Study

Abstract Purpose Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most important pathogen involved in bovine mastitis in dairy production. S. aureus produces a spectrum of extracellular protein toxins and virulence factors which are thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of the organism. The aim of this work was to isolate and molecular characterize S. aureus associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in the central part of Ethiopia. Methods A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by the California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty CMT-positive milk samples were collected and transported to the laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, PCR was performed for molecular detection of virulence genes. Results From a total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n = 130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, and one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. The confirmed S. aureus isolates were tested for six virulence genes (tsst-1, hlb, eta, sea, clfA, and icaD) using PCR. Of the six virulence genes screened from all the isolates, only two (clfA and eta) were detected in the isolates. Out of 68 isolates, 25% and 22% were possessed the eta and clfA genes, respectively. Conclusion The presence of Staphylococcus aureus having virulence genes (eta and clfA) revealed that mastitis is a major concern nowadays affecting animal health, milk quality, and yield. Further genomic study of these isolates will provide broad new insights on virulence.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLIC PROFILES AND MILK YIELD ASSOCIATED WITH PARITY AND STAGE OF LACTATION IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Naher ◽  
M. A. Samad ◽  
S. H. M. F. Siddiki ◽  
M. T. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Background: Cattle cross-breeding program has been launched throughout Bangladesh but this program has still focused mainly on biological rather than economic evaluation. Currently, 30000 dairy farms with mainly cross-bred cows are in operation throughout the country and this intensive dairy farming system with high milk yielding dairy cows is supposed to be associated with high incidence of sub-clinical nutritional and metabolic diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study was to detect the relationship between major blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with parity and stage of lactation in cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 220 apparently healthy lactating cross-bred dairy cows (HF x L, n = 190; SH x L, n = 20 and JS x L, n = 10) of 10 dairy herds were collected for metabolic profile test (MPT) in Bangladesh during the period from July to November 2016. The major metabolic profiles which are associated with milk fever (calcium, phosphorus & magnesium) and ketosis (glucose) were considered in this study. These biochemical parameters were estimated to detect the influence of risk factors including herds, breeds, parities and lactation age of cross-bred lactating dairy cows by using the commercial kits in spectrophotometer method. Results: The evaluation of the biochemical constituents of 220 cross-bred lactating dairy cows revealed that 30% (n = 66) had hypocalcaemia and 20.45% (n = 45) had hypoglycemia. Significantly lower levels of average calcium (7.93 ± 0.36 mg/dl; p < 0.024) and glucose (43.44 ± 3.63 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) values were recorded in HF x L cross-bred dairy herd of BAUDF, Mymensingh in comparison to other investigated nine dairy herds. The highest milk yield was recorded at 7th parity (16 +- 0.91 liter / day) and 1st week of lactation (17.33 +- 1.09 liter / day) were associated with low mean calcium (8.09 +- 0.85 mg / dl; 6.68 +- 0.13 mg/dl) and glucose (36.45 +- 7.67 mg/dl; 32.31 +- 3.90 mg / dl) levels in comparison to the respective values of different parity and lactation weeks. Conclusions: A relationship between blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with herd, breed, parity and lactation stages was recorded in lactating crossbred dairy cows. The evaluation of blood metabolites at different stages of lactation cycle especially at transition period is required to detect the nutritional and metabolic health for optimum milk production and to achieve maximum reproductive potential of high yielding dairy cattle. The readily available milk samples could be used as a biological fluid to monitor the health and nutritional status of dairy cows by using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy method to prevent sub-clinical metabolic disorders. Therefore, well developed laboratories with necessary equipment, test kits and reagent should be provided to perform MPT in both the blood and milk samples for practical uses. Keywords: Compton metabolic profile test, Metabolic profile, Lactating cross-bred cows, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Glucose, Parity, Lactation stages

160 CONCEPTION RATES FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN RECIPIENTS WITH A GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH) ANALOGUE AT THE TIME OF TRANSFER OF OVUM PICK-UP/IVF-DERIVED EMBRYOS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
T. L. C. Pinto ◽  
J. N. S. Sales ◽  
R. R. Carvalho ◽  
T. M. França ◽  
J. C. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Gnrh Analogues ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

The use of lactating dairy cows as ovum pick-up (OPU)/IVF-derived embryo recipients in large-scale embryo transfer programs may be limited by the effects of low progesterone concentrations on the uterine environment and subsequent embryo development. It was hypothesized that the injection of a GnRH analogue on the day of embryo transfer would induce ovulation and formation of an accessory corpus luteum, increasing progesterone concentrations and, as a result, conception rates. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of two different GnRH analogues injected IM on the day of embryo transfer on conception rates of lactating Holstein recipients. Oestrus was not synchronized and was detected continuously by multiple observers during the day and in the evening until midnight. Recipient days in milk varied from 45 to 150, daily milk production ranged from 20 to 45 kg, body condition scores and age ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 and 2.5 to 5.5 years, respectively. Herd pregnancy rates after the first artificial insemination ranged from 15% to 70%, considering the period the experiment was conducted. Embryos were produced by standard in vitro techniques following OPU on Holstein donors. Lactating Holstein recipients (n = 224) were allocated randomly to one of three treatment groups 7 days after detected oestrus: Control (n = 77) = vehicle; Buserelin (Sincroforte®, Ouro Fino, Sao Paulo, Brazil; n = 75) = 10 µg; and Deslorelin (Sincrorrelin®, Ouro Fino; n = 72) = 750 µg. Embryos were transferred nonsurgically 6 to 8 days after observed oestrus. Pregnancy was detected by ultrasonography between 62 and 72 days after embryo transfer. Percent pregnant data were analyzed as a binomial distribution under the GENMOD procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Conception rates were similar (P = 0.13) between Control (28%, 22/77), Buserelin (24%, 18/75), and Deslorelin (38%, 28/72) treatment groups. These data demonstrate that conception rates from in vitro produced embryos transferred to lactating dairy cows are not improved by treatment with a GnRH analogue on the day of transfer. Although not critically tested, results indicate that adequate conception rates may be obtained in commercial dairy operations from OPU/IVF-derived embryos, adding an important management tool for reproduction and animal breeding enhancement.

Presynchronization with GnRH 7 days prior to resynchronization with CO-Synch did not improve pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alkar ◽  
A. Tibary ◽  
J.R. Wenz ◽  
R.L. Nebel ◽  
R. Kasimanickam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Effects of calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids on plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
T. Sugino ◽  
A. Tateno ◽  
G. Ueno ◽  
K. Kawashima ◽  
T. Okimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolite ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

To elucidate the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on milk production and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows, 10 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups after parturition. One group was fed a diet supplemented with calcium salts of MCFA (MCFA-Ca) for 8 weeks after parturition, while the other group was fed the same diet without the supplement (control). MCFA-Ca, containing 60% caprylic acid and 40% capric acid, was added to a total mixed ration (TMR) at 1.5% of the dietary dry matter (DM). Cows were offered the TMR ad libitum. DM intake, daily gain in bodyweight, milk yield, milk fat content and milk protein content did not differ between the two treatment groups. The MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.05), while plasma concentrations of total and free cholesterols tended to increase (P < 0.10). Plasma ghrelin was maintained at a higher concentration (P < 0.05) in cows fed the MCFA-Ca diet than in the control group. Relative to the control diet, the MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05) and numerically increased plasma glucagon concentration, resulting in a lower insulin : glucagon ratio (P < 0.05). In conclusion, plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations were affected by the MCFA-Ca diet, suggesting that MCFA-Ca supplementation may change endocrine functions and nutrient metabolism in early lactating cows, ultimately resulting in an enhanced catabolic state.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance and resistant genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Hika Waktole ◽  
Gebrerufael Girmay
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant causative agents of mastitis disease in dairy herds. Mastitis disease has a negative impact in the economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and detect antimicrobial resistance genes in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of subclinical bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty CMT positive milk samples were collected and transported to laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic methods were performed for detection of some antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes (mecA, ermA, ermC, and msrA), respectively. Results: From total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n=130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. Of the sixty-eight isolates tested 12 samples were contained the methicillin resistance gene A (mecA). No amplification was observed for the erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermC, and msrA). Conclusion: The high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antimicrobials contribute in dairy farms may cause health problems in the community consuming raw milk purchased from these farms.

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