Developmental patterns in hormone and lipid metabolism of growing Jinhua and Landrace gilts

The aim of the present study was to investigate the developmental patterns of lipid metabolism, hormones and growth factor in Jinhua and Landrace gilts. Six purebred gilts of each breed were selected and slaughtered for analyses at 35, 80, and 125 d of age, respectively. Jinhua gilts contained less lean meat (P < 0.01), and more carcass fat (P < 0.05) compared with Landrace gilts. Serum leptin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin levels increased with age, whereas, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels decreased with age in both breeds (P < 0.05). Jinhua gilts had lower (P < 0.05) serum IGF-I, FT3 and FT4 levels, and higher (P < 0.05) serum leptin and insulin levels compared with Landrace gilts. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity of Jinhua gilts was higher than that of Landrace gilts (P < 0.001), whereas Jinhua gilts had lower hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity (P < 0.001). Jinhua gilts had lower (P < 0.05) levels of free fatty acid (FFA) and triacylglycerol (TG). These results suggest that hormone and growth factors could induce changes in lipid metabolism that inhibit fat synthesis through reducing lipogenic enzymes activities and promote fat degradation by increasing HSL activity, and therefore induce differences in carcass characteristics in the two breeds. Key words: Gilts, lipid metabolism, carcass characteristics, hormone, growth factor

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Localization of sequences for the basal and insulin-like growth factor-I inducible activity of the fatty acid synthase promoter in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2980575 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 298 (3) ◽

pp. 575-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S Misra ◽

K Sakamoto ◽

N Moustaïd ◽

H S Sul

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Promoter Activity ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Luciferase Activity ◽

Maximal Effect ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Factor I ◽

Basal Promoter Activity ◽

Igf I

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) plays a central role in fatty acid synthesis and its expression is under nutritional and hormonal control. We have investigated insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulation of FAS by transfecting into 3T3-L1 fibroblasts chimeric genes comprising the 5′-flanking region of the FAS gene linked to a luciferase (LUC) reporter gene. First, the basal promoter activity of the 5′ serial deletions from nucleotides −318 to −19 of the FAS gene were compared. Deletions of the promoter sequences from −136 to −19 resulted in a step-wise decrease in the promoter activity, with the −67 LUC and −19 LUC plasmids retaining 40% and 16% of the luciferase activity of −136 LUC. Regulatory sequences important for the FAS basal promoter activity in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts are, therefore, located within the −136 to −19 region. Treatment with 10 mM IGF-I also increased luciferase activity 1.8 +/- 0.2-, 1.8 +/- 0.3- and 2.5 +/- 0.1-fold in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts transiently transfected with −136 LUC, −110 LUC and −67 LUC plasmids, respectively. Deletion of sequences from −67 to −19 resulted in the loss of responsiveness to IGF-I. Physiological doses of insulin (10 nM), however, did not increase luciferase activity in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts transfected with any of the above plasmids. Only upon treatment with pharmacological doses of insulin (1 microM), probably through IGF-I receptor, did luciferase activity increase 4.3 +/- 0.4-, 3.2 +/- 0.4- and 3.5 +/- 0.5-fold when transfected with −136 LUC, −110 LUC and −67 LUC plasmids, respectively; there was no increase with −19 LUC. The half-maximal effect of IGF-I on FAS promoter activity was observed at 3 nM and a maximal effect was reached at 10 nM. These results indicate that the increased promoter activities observed are probably mediated through the IGF-I receptor. Furthermore, sequences responsible for IGF-I regulation of the FAS gene are located within the proximal promoter between nucleotides −67 and −19 of the FAS gene.

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Impacts of Dietary Protein from Fermented Cottonseed Meal on Lipid Metabolism and Metabolomic Profiling in the Serum of Broilers

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721666200203152643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 812-820

Author(s):

Cunxi Nie ◽

Yongqiang Wang ◽

Yanfeng Liu ◽

Jiancheng Liu ◽

Wenxia Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽

Control Group ◽

Essential Information ◽

Fermented Cottonseed Meal

Dietary protein from fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM), widely used in poultry diets in China, had regulating effects on lipid metabolism. To understand the effects of FCSM on lipid metabolism in broilers, we analyzed the biochemical indexes, enzyme activity, hormone level and metabolites in serum responses to FCSM intake. One hundred and eighty 21-d-old Chinese yellow feathered broilers (536.07±4.43 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates and 3 diets with 6 % supplementation of unfermented CSM (control group), FCSM by C. Tropicalis (Ct CSM) or C. tropicalis plus S. Cerevisae (Ct-Sc CSM). Result showed that: (1) FCSM intake decreased significantly the content of triglyceride (TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0.05) in serum; (2) FCSM intake could significantly increase enzyme activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) (P<0.05); (3) Ct-Sc CSM intake increased significantly the levels of adiponectin (ADP) (P<0.05); (4) FCSM intake caused significant metabolic changes involving glycolysis, TCA cycle, synthesis of fatty acid and glycogen, and metabolism of glycerolipid, vitamins B group and amino acids. Our results strongly suggested that FCSM intake could significantly affect lipid metabolism via multiple pathways. These findings provided new essential information about the effect of FCSM on broilers and demonstrated the great potential of nutrimetabolomics, through which the research complex nutrients are included in animal diet.

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Triiodothyronine stimulates transcription of the fatty acid synthase gene in chick embryo hepatocytes in culture. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor amplify that effect.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44772-7 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 265 (30) ◽

pp. 18442-18446 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S R Stapleton ◽

D A Mitchell ◽

L M Salati ◽

A G Goodridge

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Chick Embryo ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase Gene

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Placental Accumulation of Triacylglycerols in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Altered Fetal Growth are Related to the Differential Expressions of Proteins of Lipid Metabolism

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-1017-3182 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manoharan Balachandiran ◽

Zachariah Bobby ◽

Gowri Dorairajan ◽

Sajini Elizabeth Jacob ◽

Victorraj Gladwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Placental Proteins

Abstract Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exhibit altered placental lipid metabolism. The molecular basis of this altered metabolism is not clear. Altered placental expression of proteins of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation may be involved in the placental accumulation of triacylglycerols (TG). The present study was aimed at investigating the differential expressions of placental proteins related to lipid metabolism among GDM women in comparison with control pregnant women (CPW) and to correlate them with maternal and fetal lipid parameters as well as altered fetal growth. Materials and Methods Maternal blood, cord blood, and placental samples were collected from GDM and CPW. The biochemical parameters, glucose, lipid profile and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The placental TG content was measured. Differential placental expressions of proteins; phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) p85α, PI3K p110α,liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), sterol regulatory element binding protein1(SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearyl CoA desaturase1 (SCD1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL),Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ were analysed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Placental protein expressions of PI3K p110α, LXRα, FAS, SCD1, and LPL were found to be significantly higher, whereas PPARα and PPARγ were lower in GDM women compared with CPW. The placental TG content and cord plasma FFA were increased in GDM women compared with CPW. The placental TG content positively correlated with Ponderal index of GDM new-borns. Conclusion Differential expressions of placental proteins related to lipid metabolism in GDM might have led to placental TG accumulation. This might have contributed to the fetal overgrowth in GDM.

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Diospyros kaki and Citrus unshiu Mixture Improves Disorders of Lipid Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2020/8812634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Mi-Rae Shin ◽

Sung Ho Shin ◽

Seong-Soo Roh

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Diospyros Kaki ◽

Citrus Unshiu ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been a major cause of a chronic liver disease over recent decades and increasing worldwide in parallel with the remarkable growth of obesity. In the present study, we investigate the ameliorative effects of PCM, a combination of Diospyros kaki fruit and Citrus unshiu peel mixture, on high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced NAFLD and clarify the potential mechanisms. PCM in HFD-fed mice was orally administered at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg subsequently for 2 months. Thereafter, lipid metabolism parameters and fat synthesis-related genes in the mouse liver were evaluated. Subsequently, body weight changes, liver weight, serum liver function and lipid profiles, and liver pathology were examined, and the relative levels of fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation gene expression were evaluated by western blot. Serum AST, ALT, and TG levels in the HFD control mice were significantly higher than those of normal mice. Compared with HFD control mice, PCM supplementation increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α was significantly increased by PCM administration. Continuously, the activation of PPARα significantly elevated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), a key enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2), thermogenic regulatory genes, in PCM-treated mice compared with those of HFD control mice. Moreover, PCM inhibits lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis via suppression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and SREBP-2 and its target genes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Taken together, these effects were mediated through activation of AMPK. In the conclusion, PCM improved liver damage in HFD-fed mice and attenuated NAFLD by the activation of PPARα and the inhibition of SREBPs expression via AMPK-dependent pathways.

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Molecular characteristic of activin receptor IIB and its functions in growth and nutrient regulation in Eriocheir sinensis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9673

Author(s):

Jingan Wang ◽

Kaijun Zhang ◽

Xin Hou ◽

Wucheng Yue ◽

He Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Eriocheir Sinensis ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Control Group ◽

Molting Cycle ◽

Activin Receptor ◽

Activin Receptor Iib

Activin receptor IIB (ActRIIB) is a serine/threonine-kinase receptor binding with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily ligands to participate in the regulation of muscle mass in vertebrates. However, its structure and function in crustaceans remain unknown. In this study, the ActRIIB gene in Eriocheir sinensis (Es-ActRIIB) was cloned and obtained with a 1,683 bp open reading frame, which contains the characteristic domains of TGF-β type II receptor superfamily, encoding 560 amino acids. The mRNA expression of Es-ActRIIB was the highest in hepatopancreas and the lowest in muscle at each molting stage. After injection of Es-ActRIIB double-stranded RNA during one molting cycle, the RNA interference (RNAi) group showed higher weight gain rate, higher specific growth rate, and lower hepatopancreas index compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the RNAi group displayed a significantly increased content of hydrolytic amino acid in both hepatopancreas and muscle. The RNAi group also displayed slightly higher contents of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid but significantly decreased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid compared with the control group. After RNAi on Es-ActRIIB, the mRNA expressions of five ActRIIB signaling pathway genes showed that ActRI and forkhead box O (FoxO) were downregulated in hepatopancreas and muscle, but no significant expression differences were found in small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 3, SMAD4 and mammalian target of rapamycin. The mRNA expression s of three lipid metabolism-related genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β (CPT1β), fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid elongation) were significantly downregulated in both hepatopancreas and muscle with the exception of CPT1β in muscles. These results indicate that ActRIIB is a functionally conservative negative regulator in growth mass, and protein and lipid metabolism could be affected by inhibiting ActRIIB signaling in crustacean.

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