Chemical characteristics and in situ ruminal parameters of barley for cattle: Comparison of the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and five feed cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton J Hart ◽  
Brian G Rossnagel ◽  
Peiqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through

The objective of this study was to compare the most widely grown barley cultivar in Canada, AC Metcalfe, a malting type barley, with five feed cultivars. Barley cultivars were grown at one location during 3 consecutive years and barley samples were milled to pass through a 1-mm screen and analysed to determine nutritive value. Additional samples were passed through a roller mill with a gap set at 1.12 mm and incubated ruminally for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h in 3 dry Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae. The rate and extent of rumen digestion were estimated. AC Metcalfe had a higher (P < 0.001) concentration of NDF, and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of non structural carbohydrates, starch, ADF, total digestible nutrients, and fermentable cell wall carbohydrates compared with the mean of the feed cultivars. The malting cultivar had a higher (P < 0.001) soluble DM fraction, lower (P < 0.05) CP and starch degradation rates, and a lower (P < 0.001) ruminally degradable starch concentration compared with the mean of the five feed cultivars. The results demonstrate that there are only small differences in terms of chemical composition and in situ degradation kinetics between the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and the five feed cultivars of barley reported here. Key words: Barley, energy, protein, ruminants

scholarly journals SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED RATION ON IN SITU NUTRIENT DEGRADABILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Sani ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
E. Pangestu ◽  
F. Wahyono ◽  
J. Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Kinetics Of

Two adult male sheeps fitted with rumen cannula were used in two experiments to study the effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply in sugarcane bagasse based total mixed ration (TMR) on in situ nutrient degradation. The first experiment was aimed to create three TMR with different synchronization index. Ingredient feedstuffs of TMR were evaluated for its in situ organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation kinetics. On the basis of the OM and N degradation kinetics of feedstuffs, three sugarcane bagasse based TMR were formulated with synchronization indexes of 0.37; 0.50; and 0.63; respectively. The TMR had similar levels of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). In the second experiment, the three TMR with different synchronization index were evaluated for in situ degradability characteristics of OM, CP, NDF, and sulfur. The in situ degradation of OM in TMR were decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of synchronization index. The higher synchronization index in TMR increased (P<0.05) CP degradation of CP. The NDF degradation decreased slightly by the alteration of synchronization index in TMR. The higher synchronization index in TMR reduced (P<0.05) in situ sulfur degradation, and this may not support to effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply.  

scholarly journals In situ caecal degradation of roughages in horses

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Pimentel Silva ◽  
Fernando Queiroz de Almeida ◽  
Eliane da Silva Morgado ◽  
Liziana Maria Rodrigues ◽  
Tiago Marques dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Desmodium Ovalifolium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Digestion Technique ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
The Times

The present study was carried out to evaluate the in situ degradation of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) in roughages by the in situ caecal digestion technique in horses. The roughages evaluated were: Lucerne hay (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo), desmodio(Desmodium ovalifolium), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare) and coastcross hay (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). The assay was conducted in a complete randomized design with seven roughages and three replications. One mare with a cannula fitted in the caecum was used, fed diet consisting of coastcross hay (80%) and concentrate (20%) at 2.0% BW, four times a day. Nylon 6.5 × 20 cm bags were used with 45 μ/pore, containing 5.2 g DM/bag, inserting 3 or 4 bags in the caecum at the times of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours incubation. The caecum in situ degradability parameters of nutrients were obtained by Ørskov model. The DM degradability parameters of all the roughages were significant. There was no fit to the model for pigeon pea for CP and NDF and desmodio. Peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea presented larger potentially degradable DM with values of 53, 46.5 and 40%, respectively, and higher values for the soluble fraction of 20, 21, 28.6%, with high degradability rates of 10.36, 20.26 and 14.8% h-1. Higher NDF degradation rates were observed in these foodstuffs with values of 9.1 and 11.3, 11.2% h-1, high potentially degradable fraction with values of 55, 51.8 and 47.2%, and greater CP degradation at 48 hours with values of 87, 95, and 94.8%. Peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea presented potential for use in horses diets.

scholarly journals In situ degradation kinetics of 6 roughages and the intestinal digestibility of the rumen undegradable protein1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 4835-4844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiujin Li ◽  
Bai Xue ◽  
Yumei Zhao ◽  
Tianqi Wu ◽  
Haichao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Factors influencing composition and ruminal degradability of barley straw

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
R. Soofi-Siawash ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
J. Helm ◽  
P. Juskiw
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability characteristics for 25 and 40 genotypes of barley straw were measured for crops grown in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Straw from semidwarf genotypes contained more crude protein and less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than that from genotypes with medium straw length and effective ruminal degradability was 9% higher (P < 0.01). Straw from two-row genotypes contained 19% more crude protein (4.4 vs. 3.7%) and 3% less NDF (75.2 vs. 77.6%) than that from six-row genotypes and effective ruminal degradability was 6% higher (P < 0.01) when genotypes with medium-length straw only were considered. Genotypes with smooth awns had higher rates of degradation but contained less of the slowly degraded fraction than straw with rough awns when straws of medium straw length were compared (P < 0.05). Straw from hulless genotypes contained more (P = 0.006) NDF than that from covered varieties. Both ambient and soil temperature were positively related (P < 0.05) to effective ruminal degradability of straw, possibly because of associated greater leafiness when temperatures were higher and there was more light. It was concluded that it is possible to select barley genotypes that have superior straw nutritive value for ruminant animals. Key words: Barley, straw, degradability, cattle, genotype, environment

In situ rumen degradation characteristics of sixty cultivars of barley grain

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khorasani ◽  
J. Helm ◽  
J. J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Our objectives were to determine the extent of genetic variability in the rate and extent of ruminal digestion among 60 cultivars of barley, and to evaluate the correlations between ruminal digestion characteristics and chemical composition and test weight of barley cultivars. Barley samples were ground through a 2-mm screen, and bags containing 1 g of ground grains were incubated in the rumen of three late-lactation Holstein cows with rumen cannulae for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h. The rate and extent of ruminal digestion were estimated. The insoluble DM fraction ranged from 33.4 to 56.4%, the degradable DM fraction ranged from 34.1 to 60.2%, and the rate of degradation of DM ranged from 0.200 h−1 to 0.624 h−1. Hulled barley cultivars had lower (P < 0.05) soluble and degradable fractions than hulless cultivars. The soluble fraction was positively correlated to starch content of barley cultivars (P = 0.01) and the degradable fraction was correlated to the test weight and CP content (P < 0.01). The observed variability in the ruminal digestion characteristics of barley cultivars indicates that genetic selection holds promise as a means of enhancing the nutritional quality of barley for ruminants. We also observed that 70% of the variation in digestibility could be explained by measures of bulk density, starch content, and kernel weight. Key words: Barley cultivars, in situ degradability

In situ degradabilities of barley grain cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Lehman ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
J. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley

Differences in in situ dry matter degradabilities occurred at all incubation times when 22 cultivars of barley gram grown at three locations were examined. Rapidly and slowly degradable fractions ranged from 25 to 40% and from 49 to 65%, respectively. Rates of degradation ranged from 23 to 35% h−1 (P = 0.03). Key words: Barley, cultivars, in situ, degradability, location

scholarly journals Comparative digestion of herbage by two breeds of sheep: effects of grass maturity stage and level of intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López ◽  
P. Frutos ◽  
A.R. Mantecón ◽  
F.J. Giráldez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Fibre Concentration ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Food Digestibility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Microbial N

AbstractTwo trials were conducted to study the effect of the stage of maturity of fresh herbage on its digestibility by two breeds of sheep (Churra v. Merino). The sward consisted of a mixture of grasses and clover, and was harvested either in late May (early cut, EC) or in late July (late cut, LC). In each trial, 12 mature sheep of each breed were used. Each animal received a different amount of fresh herbage, so that levels of food intake ranged between 8·1 and 24·7 g dry matter (DM) per kg body weight per day. EC herbage showed higher crude protein content (116 v. 67 g/kg DM), lower neutral-detergent fibre concentration (494 v. 664 g/kg DM) and higher DM digestibility (0·687 (s.e. 0·005) v. 0·463 (s.e. 0·007)) than the LC herbage. DM digestibility coefficients observed in Churra (0·694 (s.e. 0·028) for EC and 0·476 (s.e.0·028) for LC herbage) tended to be greater than those observed in Merino sheep (0·680 (s.e. 0·021) for EC and 0·452 (s.e. 0·040) for LC herbage). With the EC herbage DM digestibility tended to decrease as the level of intake increased. Samples of dried herbage were incubated in the rumen of Churra and Merino sheep to determine the DM degradability by the in situ technique. Fractional degradation rates (c values) were significantly faster in the rumen of Churra than in Merino (0·046 (s.e. 0·003) v. 0·031 (s.e. 0·002)), with large differences between breeds in the DM disappearance rates at intermediate incubation times, and no significant differences between Churra and Merino sheep in the mean a + b values. Microbial N supply, calculated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives, was significantly affected by the herbage maturity stage and by the level of DM intake, but not by the breed of sheep. It is suggested that differences between breeds of sheep in food digestibility may be related to their ability to digest fibrous diets.

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