In situ degradabilities of barley grain cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Lehman ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
J. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley

Differences in in situ dry matter degradabilities occurred at all incubation times when 22 cultivars of barley gram grown at three locations were examined. Rapidly and slowly degradable fractions ranged from 25 to 40% and from 49 to 65%, respectively. Rates of degradation ranged from 23 to 35% h−1 (P = 0.03). Key words: Barley, cultivars, in situ, degradability, location

In situ rumen degradation characteristics of sixty cultivars of barley grain

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khorasani ◽  
J. Helm ◽  
J. J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Our objectives were to determine the extent of genetic variability in the rate and extent of ruminal digestion among 60 cultivars of barley, and to evaluate the correlations between ruminal digestion characteristics and chemical composition and test weight of barley cultivars. Barley samples were ground through a 2-mm screen, and bags containing 1 g of ground grains were incubated in the rumen of three late-lactation Holstein cows with rumen cannulae for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h. The rate and extent of ruminal digestion were estimated. The insoluble DM fraction ranged from 33.4 to 56.4%, the degradable DM fraction ranged from 34.1 to 60.2%, and the rate of degradation of DM ranged from 0.200 h−1 to 0.624 h−1. Hulled barley cultivars had lower (P < 0.05) soluble and degradable fractions than hulless cultivars. The soluble fraction was positively correlated to starch content of barley cultivars (P = 0.01) and the degradable fraction was correlated to the test weight and CP content (P < 0.01). The observed variability in the ruminal digestion characteristics of barley cultivars indicates that genetic selection holds promise as a means of enhancing the nutritional quality of barley for ruminants. We also observed that 70% of the variation in digestibility could be explained by measures of bulk density, starch content, and kernel weight. Key words: Barley cultivars, in situ degradability

Use of triticale silage in diets for growing steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
D. F. Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Daily Gain

A total of 120 steers were fed either barley silage (BS) or triticale silage (TS) combined with barley (B) or high-moisture barley (HMB) grain, as a total mixed ration in a 2 × 2 factorial design with three replications. The barley and triticale yields were 9.8 and 8.7 t ha−1, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) in weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake or feed efficiency were observed for treatments or interactions. TS can be used to replace BS at moderate levels in growing steer rations containing barley grain. Key words: Barley, triticale, silage, steers, performance

Chemical characteristics and in situ ruminal parameters of barley for cattle: Comparison of the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and five feed cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton J Hart ◽  
Brian G Rossnagel ◽  
Peiqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through

The objective of this study was to compare the most widely grown barley cultivar in Canada, AC Metcalfe, a malting type barley, with five feed cultivars. Barley cultivars were grown at one location during 3 consecutive years and barley samples were milled to pass through a 1-mm screen and analysed to determine nutritive value. Additional samples were passed through a roller mill with a gap set at 1.12 mm and incubated ruminally for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h in 3 dry Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae. The rate and extent of rumen digestion were estimated. AC Metcalfe had a higher (P < 0.001) concentration of NDF, and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of non structural carbohydrates, starch, ADF, total digestible nutrients, and fermentable cell wall carbohydrates compared with the mean of the feed cultivars. The malting cultivar had a higher (P < 0.001) soluble DM fraction, lower (P < 0.05) CP and starch degradation rates, and a lower (P < 0.001) ruminally degradable starch concentration compared with the mean of the five feed cultivars. The results demonstrate that there are only small differences in terms of chemical composition and in situ degradation kinetics between the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and the five feed cultivars of barley reported here. Key words: Barley, energy, protein, ruminants

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

scholarly journals Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Relation to Sowing Times

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Alam ◽  
SA Haider ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of sowing times on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Seeds of four barley cultivars (BB 1, Karan 19, Karan 163 and Karan 351) were sown with four sowing times (5 November, 17 November, 29 November and 11 December). Most of the yield and yield components were significantly highest in 17 November sowing. Among the cultivars most of the characters showed their highest values in BB 1 and the lowest in Karan 19. Harvest index was found highest in Karan 351 and lowest in BB 1. Key words: Barley, Sowing time, Yield.   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2154   J. bio-sci. 15: 139-145, 2007

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND POTASSIUM SULFATE FERTILIZATION ON RATES OF RUMINAL IN SITU DISAPPEARANCE OF TALL FESCUE AND ORCHARDGRASS NITROGEN AND SULFUR

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. GLENN ◽  
D. G. ELY ◽  
S. GLENN ◽  
L. W. DOUGLASS ◽  
L. S. BULL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Tall fescue (TF) and orchardgrass (OG) were fertilized with 0, 294 or 882 kg NH4NO3/ha and 0 or 833 kg K2SO4/ha to determine the effect on rates of apparent ruminal disappearance of herbage dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) using the in situ nylon bag technique. Losses of water-soluble and filtrable DM, N and S differed significantly due to herbage species, NH4NO3 and K2SO4 fertilization levels. After 24-h ruminal incubation, there was no difference between herbages in residual DM, N or S expressed as a proportion of original nutrient. Increasing level of NH4NO3 fertilization reduced (P < 0.001) 24-h residual DM and N and increased (P < 0.001) residual S. Potassium sulfate fertilization reduced (P < 0.001) residual herbage S after 24-h incubation. Rates of insoluble herbage DM and N disappearance (kd) did not differ between herbages but increasing level of NH4NO3 fertilization increased (P < 0.001) insoluble DM and N disappearance rates. Rate of insoluble S disappearance was lower (P < 0.05) for TF than OG but unaffected by fertilization. Effective ruminal degradability (ERD) of DM (P < 0.01) and release (ERR) of N (P < 0.001) and S (P < 0.05) were lower for OG than TF. Increasing NH4NO3 fertilization increased (P < 0.001) ERD and ERR of DM and N, respectively. Furthermore, NH4NO3 fertilization reduced (P < 0.001) while K2SO4 application increased (P < 0.001) ERR of herbage S. Simple correlation coefficients between kd of DM, N and S and original herbage total N concentration were r = 0.59 (P < 0.001), r = 0.51 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.36 (P < 0.05), respectively. The relationships between ERR of herbage S and total N or nonprotein S concentration in herbage were r = −0.74 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.70 (P < 0.001), respectively. Key words: Tall fescue, orchardgrass, sulfur, nitrogen, ruminal in situ disappearance

AMMONIA OR SULPHUR DIOXIDE TREATMENT OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON IN SITU RUMEN DEGRADABILITY AND IN SITU WHOLE-TRACT DIGESTIBILITY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. ROBINSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
N Release ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

High-moisture barley (HMB) was ensiled in polyethylene silage bags. Treatments applied to 30% moisture HMB as a percentage of dry matter (DM) were: none, 1% ammonia, 2% ammonia, and 1.5% sulphur dioxide. A fifth treatment was the addition of 1.5% sulphur dioxide to 20% moisture HMB. Barley samples were ruminally incubated to estimate degradability of DM and nitrogen (N). Ruminally incubated bags were also introduced to the duodenal cannulae and collected in feces to estimate true whole-tract digestion. Sulphur dioxide treatment, or moisture content, had no influence on ruminal degradability, with the exception of increased degradation rate of potentially degradable N for 20 vs 30% HMB, or whole-tract true digestion. Ammoniation resulted in net reduction in rate of ruminal DM release due to shift of soluble DM to the potentially degradable fraction, and decrease in the potentially degradable fraction degradation rate. Ammoniation increased barley N content up to 44% with no change in rate of ruminal N release. Whole-tract true DM digestion was higher for ammoniated barley but N digestion was not influenced. Sulphur dioxide appears to offer no advantages beyond grain preservation, whereas ammoniation offers potential by reducting rate of ruminal DM release, and providing a source of slow release nonprotein N, without affecting post-ruminal digestibility. Key words: High-moisture barley, ammonia, sulphur dioxide

In vitro and in situ nutrient degradability of barley and wheat milling byproducts

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
D. A. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Key Words Barley

A study was conducted to estimate nutrient degradability of barley milling byproducts (BMBP) using in vitro and in situ techniques. Three levels of milling (5.9, 9.5 and 17%), representing the proportion of byproduct to the original grain weight were tested. A wheat byproduct (WMBP), milled at 5.9% was used for comparison. Results indicated that 5.9% WMBP was more degradable than the BMBP. Within the BMBP, the 17% BMBP was more degradable than the 5.9 and the 9.5% BMBP. No differences in nutrient degradability were observed between the 5.9 and the 9.5% BMBP. Key words: Barley, wheat, milling byproducts, nutrient degradability

In situ digestibility and nutritive value of maize straw generated after Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Díaz-Godínez and C. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Diet Intake

The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on maize straw enhanced the nutritive value and the in situ digestibility of the straw. The addition of maize straw generated after mushroom cultivation to the diets of sheep increased the liveweight gain of the sheep and the efficiency of feed conversion of the straw. Key words: Daily voluntary diet intake, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation, dry matter loss

Effects of lasalocid or monensin on in situ biohydrogenation of flaxseed and sunflower seed unsaturated fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martineau ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
C. Benchaar ◽  
H. Lapierre ◽  
D. R. Ouellet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Ionophore Monensin

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two ionophores, lasalocid and monensin (24 mg kg-1 dry matter), on in situ biohydrogenation of C18:2 and C18:3 from whole sunflower seed and flaxseed, respectively. There were no treatment effects on biohydrogenation of C18:2. Ionophore supplementation did not affect the lag time, but monensin decreased the rate of biohydrogenation of C18:3 compared with control and lasalocid. Key words: Ionophore, monensin, lasalocid, biohydrogenation (in situ), sunflower seed, flaxseed

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