COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE, DIGESTIBILITE ET INGESTION VOLONTAIRE D’ENSILAGES D’HERBES ET DE MAIS PAR DES AGNEAUX

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J.-C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Chemical analysis, in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake measurements were used to determine the nutritive value of different crops made as silage for sheep. In the first experiment, grass silages contained less N-NH3 than corn–pea silage. Digestible energy intake of grass silage treated with formic acid was higher than that which was untreated. Digestibility, dry matter intake and the nutritive value index were higher for corn–pea silage than for treated or untreated grass silage. In the second experiment, six different silages were made. Corn was harvested at the milk and dough stages of growth and after a frost and was chopped at either 1.3 cm or 0.6 cm. Silage made with corn harvested after a frost and chopped at 1.3 cm and that made with corn harvested at the milk stage and chopped at 0.6 cm had higher N-NH3 content than the others. Fine chopping decreased digestibility of silages harvested at earlier maturity stages but increased the digestible energy of the corn silage harvested after a frost. Voluntary intake was greater with silages harvested at the later dates than with silage harvested at the milk stage.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHOLE CROP CEREAL SILAGES

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
G. STEACY ◽  
W. L. CROWLE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Dough Stage

Voluntary intake and digestibility of protein, dry matter and energy of nine cereal silages were determined using 200-kg steers. Digestible energy intakes were lower for spring rye (Gazelle) and tillering corn silage (Stewart Multi T) than for wheat, oats, barley and non-tillering corn silages (Pride R102). Intake of DE was highest for Neepawa wheat silage. The tillering corn was less mature (16.0% dry matter) than the other cereals which were harvested at the mid-dough stage. Digestibility of protein was significantly lower in the rye and corn silages than in the other silages.

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

The effect of oestradiol-17 β implantation on the response in voluntary intake, live-weight gain and body composition, to fishmeal supplementation of silage offered to growing calves

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gill ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
P. J. Buttery ◽  
P. England ◽  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SummaryThe effect of oestradiol-17β on the response to fishmeal supplementation of grass silage was studied in young growing cattle. Voluntary intake and live-weight gain were recorded over 63 days with 36 British Friesian male castrates (initial live weight (LW) 119 kg) offered silage alone (C) or with 50 (FM1), 100 (FM2), or 150 (FM3) g fishmeal/kg silage dry matter. Twelve calves were allocated to each of treatments C and FM3 and six to treatments FM1 and FM2. Half of the calves on each treatment were ear-implanted with oestradiol-17β (Compudose 365) at the start of the experiment. The calves on treatments C and FM3 were slaughtered after 75 days and chemical analysis conducted on half of each carcass. The silage had an organic-matter digestibility in vivo of 0·794 and was well-fermented, with a pH of 3·7. Intake averaged 24·2±0·42 g D.M./kg LW over all the treatments and live-weight gain was 0·77 kg/day on the silage alone. There was a significant (P < 0·05) interaction between fishmeal and oestradiol-17β, such that response to the hormone was observed only in the presence of fishmeal at 100 or 150 g/kg silage D.M. A similar interaction was apparent between fishmeal at 150 g/kg silage D.M. and oestradiol-17β in the final weights of empty body and carcass. This level of fishmeal also increased protein gain from 96 to 147 g/day and this was further increased to 179 g/day in the implanted animals receiving fishmeal. However, the overall effect of oestradiol-17β on protein gain was not significant. Gross efficiency of energy utilization was significantly (P < 0·01) increased by fishmeal supplementation suggesting an improved balance of nutrients compared with the silage alone diet.

COMPARISON OF MALE STERILE CORN AND REGULAR CORN AS SILAGE FOR DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Relative Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Hybrid

The relative nutritive value of male sterile corn silage (23.7% dry matter) and regular corn silage (26.5% dry matter) was determined with lactating dairy cows during three consecutive crop years. The regular corn hybrid had 25% of the kernels removed by black birds prior to harvesting. Grain was fed according to milk production (1 kg/2.75 kg milk) and silage was offered ad libitum as the only forage. Dry matter, soluble carbohydrate and insoluble nitrogen percentages were lower while crude protein and acid detergent fiber levels were higher in the male sterile corn silage. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy determined with sheep were not different between silages. Silage dry matter intake and total dry matter intake were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed regular corn silage in only one of the three trials. Actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk yields and milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by silage treatment. Key words: Male sterile corn, silage, dairy cows

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage given to young growing steers: effect on intake, apparent digestibility and live-weight gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractSeventy-two, 4-month-old, British Friesian steers were used to investigate the effects of feeding a supplement of fish meal on the voluntary intake and live-weight gain by young growing cattle given a well preserved ryegrass silage. The silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50,100 or 150 g fish meal per kg silage dry matter (DM) and the diets were offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM per kg live weight (LW). Intakes were recorded daily, LW weekly and in vivo apparent digestibility over one 7-day period during the 132-day trial.For animals fed ad libitum, the absolute intake of dietary DM increased linearly with an increase in the level of fish-meal supplementation such that intake when the highest level of fish meal was given was significantly higher (P < 0·01) than when silage was given alone. However, DM intake per unit LW (approx. 24 g DM per kg LW) was not affected significantly (P > 0·05).Inclusion of fish meal in the diet did not affect the apparent digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, acid-detergent or neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) although there was a trend for slightly higher (P > 0·05) gross energy apparent digestibility when fish meal was given. Increasing the level of feeding reduced NDF digestibility. The coefficients measured at the 22 g and ad libitum levels of intake were lower (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively) than that measured at the 16 g DM per kg LW level.Animals given silage alone to appetite achieved LW gains of 0·6 kg/day. LW gains increased linearly with increasing level of feeding (P < 0·001) and increasing level offish-meal supplementation (P < 0·001).

Report on a further experiment to compare the fattening values, for beef cattle, of silage made from grass cut at different stages of growth, together with the results of some supplementary experiments

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth ◽  
W. H. McK. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Behaviour Study

1. A feeding trial is described including four groups of cattle fed on grades I, II and III silages and on swedes, straw and oats respectively.2. The live-weight gains made are recorded, together with the rate of dry-matter intake.3. The efficiency of the dry matter of the diets was calculated.4. All three grades of silage produced a significantly greater rate of fattening than swedes plus straw and oats. There was no significant difference between the fattening values of the three grades of silage.5. The dressing percentages found for 100 silagefed and 71 swede-fed cattle are given. The swedefed cattle yielded a greater average dressing percentage.6. It is suggested that the higher dressing percentage found for root-fed cattle as compared with silage-fed cattle can be attributed to the more rapid elimination of dietary water from the body in rootfed cattle.7. An animal behaviour study is described, the time spent by cattle on the four diets, eating, cudding and lying down, being determined.8. Cattle fed on grass silage spent longer on feeding plus cudding than swede-fed cattle.9. An experiment is described designed to determine the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on the dry-matter intake of ruminants.10. The results indicate that when ruminants are subsisting on a diet consisting solely of succulents, the dry-matter intake is depressed when the dry-matter percentage of the diet falls.

THE EFFECT OF HARVESTING BEFORE AND AFTER FROST ON CORN SILAGE COMPOSITION, AND ITS INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY IN SHEEP

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
R. P. WHITE ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Early-maturing forage corn (Zea mays L.), DK-22, was harvested in Prince Edward Island twice, 3 and 6 wk before the occurrence of the first killing frost, and twice again, 2 and 4 wk after the first killing frost, and ensiled during each of the three experimental years. Each silage was fed to six sheep in order to measure voluntary intake and digestibility. Magnesium content was severely reduced by ensiling fresh forage from prefrost harvest. The postfrost silages were drier and higher in pH than the other silages. Detergent fiber levels were lower in the prefrost than in the postfrost silages (P < 0.05). Intake was slightly higher for prefrost silages and this was significant in the third year (P < 0.05). The depression in digestibility between prefrost and postfrost silages was highest for nitrogen. Using digestible dry matter intake as a measure of feed value, the silage harvested in mid-September was assigned a relative feed value of 100, and by comparison, the two postfrost silages were 16 and 34% lower in feed value, respectively.Key words: Relative feed value, forage quality, frosted crop

THE INVESTIGATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BENTONITE AS SUPPLEMENTS IN SILAGES FED TO LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Two experiments with lactating Holsteins were carried out to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or bentonite, added to silage prior to feeding, as a means of increasing dry matter intake. In the first trials the feed, consisting of 10% grain mixture, 45% grass silage and 45% corn silage, was supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2% bentonite in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 12 cows and 28-day test periods. Neither level of bentonite improved dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, plasma calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by additions of bentonite. Apparent dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the addition of bentonite at the 0.6 and 1.2% levels compared to the cows fed the unsupplemented ration. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed the silage mixture supplemented with 1.2% bentonite than for the controls. In the second trial a silage mixture consisting of approximately 30% grass silage and 70% corn silage was supplemented with either 0.8% NaHCO3, 2.1% bentonite or neither and fed in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 15 cows and 28-day treatment periods. Compared to control cows, neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite had any significant (P > 0.05) influence on dry matter intake, milk yield or rumen fermentation. However, the addition of NaHCO3 to the silage improved milk yield and feed conversion (P < 0.05) when compared to cows fed the silage supplemented with bentonite. It was concluded from these trials that bentonite should not be used as a supplement to silage diets fed to lactating cows. The results suggested that NaHCO3 supplementation had little if any beneficial effect when grass silage made up approximately 30% of the total diet. Key words: NaHCO3, bentonite, lactating cows, silage intake, digestibility

Nutritive evaluation of two strains of mature subterranean clover

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
M Somers ◽  
NR McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro digestibility of leguminous herbage was examined. Further studies were made using in vivo-in vitro digestibility estimations to compare the nutritive value to sheep of two strains (Yarloop and Woogenellup) of subterranean clover. The digestibilities of the main component parts (viz. stem, petiole, leaf, and burr) of the plants of each strain were also estimated in vitro. Digestibility differences between strains and between parts were examined on the basis of the chemical composition of their dry matter. Woogenellup was significantly more digestible than Yarloop, both in vivo and in vitro. Voluntary intake of Woogenellup was also significantly greater than that of Yarloop. The in vitro digestibility of stem did not differ significantly from that of petiole. Nor did the digestibility of leaf differ significantly from that of burr. However, the digestibility of stem and petiole together was greater than that of leaf and burr together. These findings are discussed in relation to their possible biological significance.

Nutritive value of alkali-treated wheaten straw fed to sheep with supplements of either lupins or barley and urea

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Untreated straw and alkali-treated straw were prepared by spraying long wheaten straw in windrows with water or a 6.6% (w/v) solution of sodium hydroxide to give a concentration of sodium hydroxide of 7g per 100 g straw. Merino wethers were fed the straws ad libitum with or without a supplement of either lupins or a mixture of barley and urea. The in vivo organic matter digestibilities (%) of the alkali-treated straw diets supplemented with lupins (61.3) or barley and urea (59.3) were greater (P<0.05) than those of the untreated straw diets supplemented with lupins (54.6) or barley and urea (55.7). The intakes of dry matter (g day-1) and digestible energy (MJ day-1), respectively, were greater (P<0.01) for the sheep offered alkali-treated straw supplemented with lupins (769, 7.7) or barley and urea (847,7.9) than for those offered untreated straw supplemented with lupins (598, 5.4) or barley and urea (639, 5.9). Sheep offered the supplemented alkali-treated straw diets produced 39% more wool and lost less (P<0.05) liveweight than sheep offered the supplemented untreated straw diets. Retention of nitrogen (g day-1) by sheep was greater (P<0.01) when the alkali-treated and untreated straws, respectively, were supplemented with barley and urea (3.6, 2.8) than with lupins (1-9, 0.9). It is concluded that a more effective method of application of sodium hydroxide must be developed if treatment of straw with sodium hydroxide is to become a routine and economic technique for use on southern Australian farms.

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