CHANGES IN CARCASS PROPORTIONS AND FAT DEPOSITION IN CONTROL AND HORMONE-TREATED HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN STEERS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FORREST
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

In a study of 72 Holstein-Friesian steers, one-half of which had been treated with hormones (200 mg of progesterone plus 20 mg of estradiol-17β-benzoate), variation in carcass weight was poorly correlated with lean meat deposition in various sections of the carcass, even though fat deposition during the growth period from 340 to 703 kg live weight significantly altered carcass proportions. Increasing carcass size from 172 to 393 kg did not significantly change the proportion of chuck but significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the tail, rump, tip, round, butt and shanks and increased the short loin, rib, brisket and flank. These changes can be attributed to different rates of fattening in various sections of the carcass while lean disposition is relatively constant. Hormone treatment improved carcass lean yield by depressing fat deposition.

EFFECTS OF CASTRATION, SIRE AND HORMONE TREATMENTS ON THE QUALITY OF RIB ROASTS FROM HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN MALES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FORREST
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Panel Evaluation

A total of 72 Holstein-Friesian males from 11 sire groups were reared from birth on a concentrate ration. At 136 kg, one-half of the calves were castrated (Burdizzo) and at 340 kg, one-half of the bulls and steers were implanted with hormones (200 mg progesterone plus 20 mg estradiol-17-β-benzoate). Following slaughter at 475 kg, the 9th–11th rib sections were removed from the left sides of the carcass and frozen. Later, the four treatment and 11 sire groups were compared by taste panel evaluation of these rib roasts. No significant differences in quality factors (tenderness, juiciness, and flavor) due to pre-slaughter hormone treatment were evident in rib roasts from either bulls or steers. Hormone treatment significantly decreased (P < 0.05) fat deposition in steers and tended to increase fat levels in bulls. Rib roasts from bulls were significantly less desirable than roasts from steers in both treatment groups, for all quality factors. Significant sire effects for all taste panel evaluations were also noted.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN CARCASS PROPORTIONS AND COMPOSITION IN CONTROL AND HORMONE-TREATED HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN STEERS AND BULLS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FORREST
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Holstein Friesian

The carcass proportions and fat deposition were studied in 72 Holstein–Friesian males reared on an all-concentrate ration and slaughtered at 475 kg. One half were castrated at 136 kg body weight and 18 bulls and 18 steers were implanted with 200 mg progesterone plus 20 mg estradiol-17-β-benzoate at 340 kg. There was no evidence of any difference between steers and bulls nor of any effect of the hormone treatment for the tail, butt, tip, round or front shank portions of the carcass. Steers had proportionately more flank, short loin, brisket and back and less chuck than bulls. With hormone treatment the percentage of rib and belly decreased and the hind, rump and rear shank increased in steers. With bulls, implanting decreased the rear shank and hind and increased the belly section. In carcass composition the bulls had a higher percentage of bone than steers. Implanting decreased the fat and increased the lean percentage in steers but did not significantly affect the bulls.

Effect of zeranol on fat deposition and carcass traits in beef heifers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. D. Bergen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Beef Heifer

Non-pregnant beef heifers implanted with zeranol at birth and at 100 and 200 d of age were fed a finishing ration for 78 d to slaughter at 21–22 mo of age. Rate of fat deposition, grade fat and marbling score were less (P < 0.05) and carcass weight, rib-eye area and lean-meat yield were greater (P < 0.05) for implanted heifers than for non-implanted heifers. Key words: Zeranol, ultrasound, fat deposition, carcass, beef heifer

scholarly journals Effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate and phytogenic on growth performance, carcass traits and health of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Abércio da Silva ◽  
Ana Maria Bridi ◽  
Cleandro Pazinato Dias ◽  
Marco Aurélio Callegari ◽  
Ernani Caixeta Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate two feed additives, one based on encapsulated sodium butyrate (Adimix® Precision) (AD) and the other, a phytogenic (Apex® 5) (AX), associated or not with an antimicrobial growth promoter (tylosin) during the growth and finishing phases on performance, carcass characteristics and health conditions. A total of 300 barrows and females were distributed in six treatments in a randomized block design with ten replicates. The treatments consisted of a negative control (NC), positive control (PC) (tylosin), AD (encapsulated sodium butyrate), AX (phytogenic), PC+AD (tylosin+encapsulated sodium butyrate), and PC+AX (tylosin+phytogenic). The performance (live weight, daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion) and carcass data (carcass weight, backfat thickness, loin depth, lean meat on the carcass) were submitted to ANOVA plus Tukey’s test, and the health conditions (occurrence of diseases, culling, and spontaneous deaths) were analyzed by χ2. Animals of the AD group had the highest average daily gain (ADG) over the evaluation period and the highest live weight at 120, 140, and 164 days of age, in addition to the highest carcass weight compared to NC and PC groups. The AX treatment increased the ADG in growth phase II and the live weight at 120 and 140 days of age in relation to the NC. The PC+AX group had a higher final live weight compared to the NC and PC groups and higher carcass weight in relation to the NC group. There was no difference among treatments for backfat thickness, percentage of lean meat in the carcass, or occurrence of diseases and deaths. The inclusion of encapsulated sodium butyrate (AD treatment) was effective in increasing ADG, final live weight, and carcass weight compared to supplementation with tylosin (PC treatment), as was the inclusion of a phytogenic (AX treatment) on FC compared to the PC.

Effect of level of barley supplementation on the performance of continental × Holstein Friesian bulls given grass silage

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Grundy ◽  
R. Hardy ◽  
M. H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Holstein Friesian

AbstractForty Charolais and 40 Limousin × Holstein Friesian bulls, 8 months old and weighing 315 kg live weight at the start of the experiment, were given grass silage to appetite throughout.From 315 to 425 kg live weight they received: no supplement (S0), 1 kg (S1), 2 kg (S2) or 4 kg (S4) of a rolled barley supplement per head per day. After a mean treatment live weight of 425 kg had been achieved for each breed, the daily supplement of all treatments was changed to 3 kg of rolled barley per head per day until individual animals were adjudged to have attained a European Community (EC) external fatness score of 3 to 4L, at which point they were slaughtered.Daily growth rates from 315 to 425 kg live weight were 0·67, 0·82, 0·94 and 1·25 (s.e.d. 0·042) kg for treatments S0, S1, S2 and S4 respectively. Following the change of supplement rate at 425 kg live weight, daily gains were 1·46, 1·36, 1·27 and 1·16 (s.e.d. 0·051) kg/day, giving overall gains of 0·99, 1·05, 1·08 and 1·19 (s.e.d. 0·033) kg/day respectively. The numbers of days taken to achieve slaughter condition from the start of the trial at 315 kg were 277, 251, 243 and 207 (s.e.d. 5·3) days respectively. Bulls were slaughtered at 17·0, 16·2, 15·9 and 14·7 months of age and produced carcass weights of 330, 324, 322 and 305 (s.e.d. 6·5) kg respectively.Silage dry-matter intakes were 5·9, 5·1, 4·8 and 4·2 kg/day during the initial phase when differential supplement levels were being given and 7·0, 6·8, 6·2 and 5·8 respectively during the finishing period when all groups were being given 3 kg barley supplement daily. Food conversion ratios (kg dry matter intake per kg gain) were 9·1, 7·3, 6·9 and 5·8 during the initial phase and 6·4, 6·9, 6·9 and 7·2 respectively after 425 kg live weight.It is concluded that barley supplements of 0 to 2 kg/day offered with high-quality grass silage during the growing stage (8 to 12 months of age), followed by at least 3 kg/day will produce finished bulls at an average of 325 kg carcass weight at 16 to 17 months of age. A higher level of 4 kg barley during the growing stage will reduce the slaughter period to approximately 15 months of age but carcass weight will also be reduced. Further studies are required to define the precise level of barley supplement during this earlier period.

Carcass characteristics of young red deer farmed on hill pasture

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. B. Kay ◽  
G. A. M. Sharman ◽  
W. J. Hamilton ◽  
E. D. Goodall ◽  
K. Pennie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYCarcass characteristics were studied in young red deer raised on a Scottish hill farm with heather·dominant pasture. Stags slaughtered in September when 15 or 27 months old were very lean, and entire and castrate animals were similar in weight. At 15 months they were barely a half of their expected mature weight. With no pre-slaughter fasting, dressed carcass weight was 49–51% of live weight. A more detailed analysis of carcass conformation was made in a study of entire stags, castrate stags and hinds slaughtered when 15 months old after being held overnight without food or water. The three groups were similar in that their dressed carcasses weighed about 52% of live weight and the content of first class lean meat amounted to 32% of live weight. There was only 4·5% of chemical fat in the empty carcass.The pH of the meat 36 h post mortem often remained high in the stag groups, relative to a mean value of pH 5·7 found in shot wild stags. This high-pH character was little affected by the severity of stress immediately before slaughter, nor by the availability of food. It seemed to be caused by holding the animals in unfamiliar surroundings for some 16 h before slaughter.

Nutritional factors affecting lean meat production in cutting pigs

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Bellis ◽  
J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
The Cost

A series of trials were designed to determine the slaughter weight of cutting pigs at which lean meat production is most economical, and to investigate nutritional factors which affect lean meat onput in cutting pigs of about 260 lb. live-weight. The trials involved about 1100 pigs and ad lib. feeding was adopted from weaning to slaughter.In the first trial, pigs were fed on various diets to 300 lb. live-weight. The diets differed in the amount of protein fed during the 90–180 lb. growth period, and the most economic growth was made by feeding a high protein (17 %) diet to 140 lb., or a medium protein (14 %) diet to 180 lb. followed by a cereal-mineral diet thereafter to 300 lb.Animals were slaughtered and dissected at various live-weights between 90 and 300 lb. and it was found that killing-our percentage, the percentages of usable meat (lean plus fat) and of fat, increased with carcass weight. The increase in fat deposition was mainly at the expense of the non-edible parts of the carcass. Onput of lean and increase in area of eye muscle occurred throughout the range.Total food requirements, expressed as pounds of food, calories of gross energy or pounds of protein, per pound of usable meat produced decreased as slaughter weight increased. The cost of food required to produce a given quantity of lean meat was least when pigs were slaughtered between 240 and 260 lb. when the commercial value of the remainder of the carcass was taken into account.The second trial investigated the effect of two levels of protein and mineral supplementation of cereals during the 140–260 lb. growth period of heavy pigs. Correct mineral supplementation of cereals was essential because, although lean meat production was not increased, the cost of food required to produce it was less. The lower protein diet had no effect on growth or carcass composition, but the higher protein diet increased the lean meat content of carcasses and decreased the amount of food required to produce it. The production of the extra lean meat, however, was not economical because of the cost of the high protein diet.The third trial showed that replacement of barley by wheat during the 140–260 lb. growth period led to carcasses having less lean meat and to higher feed requirements. This is probably connected with the high energy content of wheat as compared to barley.

The effect of different oestrogens and oestradiol plus progesterone on the growth and carcass characteristics of fattening male hoggets

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Shorthose ◽  
G. E. Lamming
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Lower Plane ◽  
Made In

A comparison has been made in five flocks with a total of 473 sheep of the effect of 15 mg. diethylstilboestrol (DES.) as a paste, 15 mg. hexoestrol as an implant, and 5·0 mg. oestradiol benzoate plus 50 mg. progesterone (O.+P.) as two implants, on the growth rate and slaughter characteristics and carcass grading of fattening male hoggets.In those flocks where the plane of nutrition was adequate, all hormone treatments resulted in a significant increase in live-weight gain. During the first 24–40 days, DES. paste resulted in significantly greater daily live-weight gain compared to hexoestrol or O.+P. in two out of five flocks, but over the whole period there were no significant differences between these treatments. In one flock which was on a lower plane of nutrition there were no significant effects of hormone treatment.The hormone treatments resulted in extra carcass weight, extra pelt weight but no change in killing-out percentage or in carcass grade. There were no significant differences between treatments in the slaughter characteristics studied.

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 2. Influence of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley supplementation with silage on the carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Carcass Quality

SUMMARYTwo experiments concerning the effects, on the carcass and meat characteristics of 18-months-old Friesian steers, of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley feeding with silage are reported.Groups of 12 steers were grazed at different intensities over 5-month grazing periods, such that live-weight differences of 38 kg and 16 kg were recorded at housing. No compensatory growth was recorded during the subsequent winter feeding period.Whilst the grazing treatments had little effect on carcass or meat quality, higher levels of barley feeding with silage over the winter period (710 v. 410 kg/steer) had significant effects on live-weight gain, and increased carcass weight by 21 kg at slaughter. The higher yield of carcass weight was reflected in significant differences in carcass composition, joint proportions and retail cut-out value. Sixty per cent of the carcass weight difference was removed as trim fat. Differences in carcass fatness were not associated with any differences in eating quality.

Effects of the percentage of Texel or Rouge de ľOuest genes in lambs on carcass characteristics and meat quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Carson ◽  
B. W. Moss ◽  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Ram Lambs

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of the percentage of Texel or Rouge de l’Ouest (Rouge) genes in lambs (0, 50, 75 or 100%; the remainder being Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface)) on lamb carcass characteristics and meat quality. Ewe lambs were slaughtered at 34, 40, 46 and 52 kg and ram lambs were slaughtered at 40, 46, 52 and 58 kg live weight. Dressing proportion increased (P < 0·001) by 0·53 and 0·27 g carcass weight per kg live weight for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes respectively. Carcass conformation classification increased (P < 0·001) by 0·016 and 0·007 units (on a five-point scale) for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes respectively. Carcass fat depth measures were reduced by Texel and Rouge genes such that at a constant fat depth end point, carcass weight could be increased by 0·029 and 0·023 kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Carcass lean content increased (P < 0·001) by 0·99 and 0·27 g/kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Subcutaneous fat content was reduced (P < 0·001) by 0·36 and 0·29 g/kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Intermuscular fat content was reduced (P < 0·01) by 0·38 g/kg per 1% increase in Texel genes, whereas Rouge genes had no effect. Similarly, bone content was reduced (P < 0·01) by Texel genes only (0·31 g/kg per 1% increase in Texel genes). Warner-Bratzler shear force values showed a quadratic effect with increasing Texel and Rouge genes, with an initial decrease from 0 to 50% followed by an increase to 100%. Cooking loss increased (P = 0·05) as the percentage of Rouge genes in lambs increased. Increasing the percentage of Texel or Rouge genes significantly increased L* values (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively), b* values (P = 0·05 and P< 0·05 respectively) and H° values (P < 0·001).

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