ESTIMATION OF WHOLESALE CUTS AND SEPARABLE LEAN OF CARCASSES FROM HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS AND STEERS FED TO A CONSTANT FINISH

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. NTUNDE ◽  
W. R. USBORNE ◽  
G. C. ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lean It

The left sides of Holstein bull and steer carcasses varying from 173 to 299 kg and finished to an average live backfat thickness of 0.76 cm were used in this study. Simple and multiple regression equations were generated for estimating the trimmed wholesale cuts and separable lean. It was found that weights were more precisely predicted than percentages. Although the longissimus was a more precise predictor than any of the other muscles, all muscle areas were poor contributors in the predictions. Backfat thickness was also a low precision predictor, especially of weights. Hot carcass weight, however, was such a useful predictor of weights that its sole effect was not significantly improved by the inclusion of any or all of the other predictors. It nevertheless gave very low precision in predicting percentages. Some selected estimation equations are recommended provided that the conditions of this study are maintained with regard to body finish and carcass weight. The advantage of using these equations is that hot carcass weight is readily obtainable.

Prediction of bone-in retail cuts and edible meat of crossbred lamb carcasses

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hodge ◽  
N Oddie
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Retail Cuts

Multiple regression equations describing the percentage yield of bone-in retail cuts and edible meat were developed for lamb carcasses ranging in breed (lambs from Border Leicesterx Merino ewes sired by Suffolk, Southdown, Poll Dorset and Corriedale rams), sex (entire males, wethers and ewes) and carcass weight (12-25 kg). The regression equations first developed contained carcass weight as the sole predictor and these were compared with equations containing carcass weight and two additional predictors: fat depth over the 12th rib and percentage kidney and channel fat. Breed and sex, conformation score, carcass length and leg length were tested with carcass weight in separate analyses. The equations containing carcass weight and measures of fat status accounted for more of the variation in yield of retail cuts and edible meat and had lower residual standard deviations (RSD) than did equations containing the other variables. Fat depth, and percentage kidney and channel fat provided a similar degree of accuracy in predicting the percentage of retail cuts (RSD of 2.96 and 2.87 respectively) or edible meat (3.33 and 3.17 respectively). Inclusion of the quadratic terms had no significant effect on the values for RSD. The variation in fat status of 17 kg carcasses was such that the predicted yields of retail cuts or edible meat ranged from 65 to 71 % and from 49 to 55%, respectively. It was concluded that a lamb classification system need only provide objective information on carcass weight and kidney and channel fat to enable the industry to identify carcasses differing in economic value.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Carcass Value of Young Holstein-Friesian Bulls Based on Live Body Measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybyłek ◽  
Zenon Nogalski ◽  
Zofia Wielgosz-Groth ◽  
Rafał Winarski ◽  
Monika Sobczuk-Szul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Chest Girth

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of ultrasound and zoometric measurements and visual muscle scoring for predicting the carcass value of 167 young Holstein-Friesian (HF) bulls. Zoometric and ultrasound measurements were performed and live muscle scoring was estimated before slaughter. After slaughter, hot carcass weight (HCW) was determined and carcasses were assigned to conformation and fat classes according to the EUROP system. Multiple regression equations were derived to estimate the weight, conformation and fatness of carcasses. HCW was estimated using the following equations: Ŷ = 1.507x1 + 1.103x2 + 4.043x3 + 5.53x4 + 0.379x5 + + 8.076x6 - 678.93 (R2=0.892; Sy = 16.28) and Ŷ = 2.525x4 + 0.579x7 + 0.451x8 - 134.17 (R2=0.943; Sy = 11.84); independent variables x1 - height at sacrum (cm); x2 - chest girth (cm); x3 - pelvic width (cm); x4 - pelvic length (cm); x5 - thickness of M. gluteo-biceps (mm); x6 - intravital muscle scoring (points); x7 - thickness of M. longissimus dorsi (mm); x8 - live weight (kg). Validation of the first regression equation revealed overestimation of HCW by 1.25% on average, while validation of the second equation revealed its underestimation by 1.85% on average. It was found that intravital muscle scoring and selected ultrasound and zoometric measurements of HF bulls can be used in formulating regression equations for predicting the carcass value of live animals. The proposed models enable predicting the carcass value of young bulls with satisfactory accuracy, thus contributing to an objective live beef cattle assessment

Correlation of the Levels of Several Constituents of Commercial Orange Juices

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Equations

Abstract The amino acid, betaine, polyphenolics, ash, and phosphorus contents, and the titratable acidity of 32 samples of commercial orange juices and reconstituted orange juices were determined. Wide variations in the levels of these constituents were found but there were no significant differences between the juices and the reconstituted juices. Highly significant correlations were established between the levels of the amino acids, betaine, polyphenolics, ash, and phosphorus. The titratable acidity levels failed to show any significant correlation to any of the other constituents. Multiple regression equations were developed to express the interrelationships between some of the components, and correlation coefficients of combined distributions were calculated.

Effect of average carcass fat concentration on correlations among lamb carcass measurements

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Bennett ◽  
H. H. Meyer ◽  
A. H. Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Total Tissue

ABSTRACTThe effects of average carcass fat concentration of a group of lambs on correlations among lamb carcass measurements within the group and of slaughter age on variances of carcass measurements were studied. Three-hundred and sixty-eight crossbred lambs from one experiment were slaughtered on 10 days over a 2-year period. Average carcass fat concentration of the 10 groups ranged from 179 to 326 g/kg carcass weight. Variances of carcass fat, water and protein concentrations and of muscle measurements did not increase at later slaughter ages but variances of kidney fat weight, fat depths and total tissue depths increased. Several correlations among carcass measurements had significant regressions on average carcass fat composition of the groups slaughtered. When measurements were adjusted for age but not weight, correlations of carcass weight, kidney fat weight, specific gravity, tibia and tarsus length and m. longissimus depth with carcass fat, water and protein concentrations weakened as carcass fat concentration of the group increased. Correlations of kidney fat, specific gravity and m. longissimus width with fat, water and protein concentrations adjusted for carcass weight weakened as average carcass fat concentration of the group increased. Multiple regression equations did not reveal any advantage in using combinations of muscle or leg dimensions to predict fat concentration.

scholarly journals Behaviour of rainfall over lakes around Bombay

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
SURENDER KUMAR ◽  
S. C. BHAN
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Lake Levels

Analysis of monthly rainfall brings out two distinctly different areas of rainfall affinity-one comprising of the lakes situated in Greater Bombay and the other in Thane districts. Rainfall of different sub-periods/months was found to be independent of the rainfall of preceding sub-periods/months. Multiple regression equations between lake levels and monthly rainfall have been computed to predict the anticipated lake levels at the end of different months.    

Comparison of the prediction of carcass components using fat thickness measurements in heifers and steers

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Simple Regression

Predictions of carcass composition based on anal fold and 12th rib fat thickness measurements were compared in 12 Hereford heifers and 12 Hereford steers. For carcass proportions, simple regression equations indicated that heifers had less muscle (2-3%), more fat (2.5-4%), and more bone (0.9%, 12th rib only). Empty liveweight did not improve the accuracy of prediction of any carcass component when added to anal fold fat thickness. Chilled carcass weight and 12th rib fat thickness slightly improved the accuracy of prediction of muscle and fat proportions compared with prediction using each measurement alone. Multiple regression indicated that the heifers had 2.5-3% less muscle and 34% more fat. For predictions of the weights of carcass components at a given fat thickness measurement, simple regression indicated that heifers had less muscle than steers (by about 6 kg), but for bone and fat the intercepts did not differ significantly between sexes. In multiple regression, empty liveweight contributed strongly to the predictions of weights of all 3 carcass components. In all regressions in which the weight of each of the 3 carcass components was regressed on a weight and a fat thickness measurement together, except for muscle and fat regressed on chilled carcass weight and 12th rib fat thickness, the fat thickness measurement failed to contribute significantly to prediction. Although chilled carcass weight and 12th rib fat thickness together contributed (P<0.01) to the prediction of muscle weight and fat weight, chilled carcass weight was the stronger contributor. Regression indicated that heifers had about 3 kg less muscle and 3.5 kg more fat than steers. Multiple regression analysis showed that heifers and steers had about the same weight of bone.

The association between commercial cut-out yield and gross chemical composition in market pigs

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
H. Doornenbal ◽  
A. H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Satisfactory Precision ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Gross Chemical Composition

In a study of 100 pig carcasses, representing a sample of the pigs used in previously reported work, gross chemical composition of the ham, shoulder, loin, belly and half carcass were determined for one side. Percentage yield (trimmed v. untrimmed) of picnic, butt, ham and loin (PBHL), and certain carcass measurements were recorded on the other side of the carcass. From the covariance analyses, it was concluded that backfat thickness of the carcass alone was of only moderate predictive value for total chemical carcass fat.Carcass protein could, for most purposes, be predicted with satisfactory precision from the percentages of protein in the loin or in the ham, with residual standard deviations of 0·27 and 0·36% respectively.Although percentage yield of lean cuts may be considered satisfactory for commercial evaluation of swine carcasses, it was not an accurate index of the true leanness of a carcass expressed as the percentage of chemically determined protein.Multiple regression equations were computed for predicting the percentage of protein in the carcass and percentage yield of PBHL from conventional carcass measurements. The residual standard deviations for predicting the percentage of protein were 0·49 for the males and 0·42 for the females; for percentage yield of PBHL these were 1·31 and 1·22 respectively. Total backfat thickness was the most important single variable in predictions. Variances among sexes were non-homogeneous for the important traits, with the females in all cases showing the greater variability. The results of regression analysis within sex indicated that, for maximum precision, a separate prediction equation for each sex was required.

RESPONSES IN MEAT CHARACTERISTICS OF HOLSTEIN–FRIESIAN MALES TO CASTRATION AND DIET

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. NTUNDE ◽  
W. R. USBORNE ◽  
G. C. ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
All Treatment

The carcass characteristics of Holstein–Friesian males (bulls, unimplanted steers, and steers implanted with zearanol) as affected by castration and forms of shelled corn diet (dry, whole acid-treated high moisture, and rolled acid-treated high moisture) and their 2 × 2 interactions were studied. The animals averaged 84 kg body weight at the start of the experiment and were slaughtered at a pen average backfat thickness of 0.76 cm measured ultrasonically between the 11th and 12th ribs. Interaction effects were significant in the percent trimmed loin, flank, hindquarter, shank and total cuts. All carcasses had acceptable lean color, texture, firmness and marbling. The different forms of corn were similar in their effects. Similarly, implantation of steers with zearanol did not produce significant differences. The carcasses of all treatment groups in this study averaged Canada A grade and were essentially of the same quality characteristics. Compared to the steers, however, the bulls required slightly longer on feed but yielded significantly more carcass weight, a greater percent lean, a greater percent trimmed chuck and forequarter cuts, less carcass fat and had a higher lean:fat ratio. The steers yielded a higher percent trimmed loin and also more tender meat as determined by shear tests, but this latter case was not supported by the taste panel. No other differences were observed.

scholarly journals Sustainable Consumer Behavior in Purchasing, Using and Disposing of Clothes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8333
Author(s):  
Mirella Soyer ◽  
Koen Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Usage Phase ◽  
The Core

In this study we investigate how consumers in The Netherlands can be persuaded to adopt sustainable practices when purchasing, using and disposing of clothes. This study investigates the attitude-behavior gap for the sustainable choices for purchase, use and disposing of clothes. For each consumption phase we ran a two-step multiple regression. The findings showed that the importance of the factors vary in the three consumption phases. For purchasing and disposal decisions, the core motivator social motivation predicts sustainable practices best, while it has no role in the usage phase. The factor ability appeared to have a significant role in the disposal phase, but not in the other phases. Finally, the trigger appears to lower the consumers’ ability in the purchasing phase, while it enhances the core motivator social evaluation in the disposal phase.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts from Rumen Fluids for Potential Use as Additives in Ruminant Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Suthipong Uriyapongson ◽  
Vichai Leelavatcharamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Media ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast strain often used to improve the feed quality of ruminants. However, S. cerevisiae has limited capacity to provide biomass when inoculated with carbon sources and a low ability to produce cellulase enzymes. Here, we hypothesized that yeast in the rumen produces a large amount of biomass and could release cellulase enzymes to break down fiber content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen, isolate and identify yeast from the rumen fluids of Holstein Friesian steers and measure the efficiency of biomass production and cellulase activity. A fermentation medium containing sugarcane molasses as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source was optimized. Two fistulated–crossbred Holstein Friesian steers averaging 350 ± 20 kg body weight were used to screen and isolate the ruminal yeast. Two experiments were designed: First, a 12 × 3 × 3 factorial was used in a completely randomized design to determine biomass and carboxymethyl cellulase activity. Factor A was the isolated yeast and S. cerevisiae. Factor B was sugarcane molasses (M) concentration. Factor C was urea (U) concentration. In the second experiment, potential yeasts were selected, identified, and analyzed for 7 × 4 factorial use in a completely randomized design. Factor A was the incubation times. Factor B was the isolated yeast strains, including codes H-Khon Kaen University (KKU) 20 (as P. kudriavzevii-KKU20), I-KKU20 (C. tropicalis-KKU20), and C-KKU20 (as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20). Isolation was imposed under aerobic conditions, resulting in a total of 11 different colonies. Two appearances of colonies including asymmetric colonies of isolated yeast (indicated as A, B, C, E, and J) and ovoid colonies (coded as D, F, G, H, I, and K) were noted. Isolated yeast from the rumen capable of providing a high amount of biomass when inoculant consisted of the molasses 15% + urea 3% (M15 + U3), molasses 25% + urea 1% (M25 + U1), molasses 25% + urea 3% (M25 + U3), and molasses 25% + urea 5% (M25 + U5) when compared to the other media solution (p < 0.01). In addition, 11 isolated biomass-producing yeasts were found in the media solution of M25 + U1. There were 4 isolates cellulase producing yeasts discovered in the media solution of M25 + U1 and M25 + U5 whereas molasses 5% + urea 1% (M5 + U1), molasses 5% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), molasses 5% + urea 5% (M5 + U5), molasses 15% + urea 1% (M15 + U1), molasses 15% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), and M25 + U3 were found with 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, and 2 isolates, respectively. Ruminal yeast strains H-KKU20, I-KKU20, and C-KKU20 were selected for their ability to produce biomass. Identification of isolates H-KKU20 and I-KKU20 revealed that those isolates belonged to Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20 and Candida tropicalis-KKU20 while C-KKU20 was identified as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. Two strains provided maximum cell growth: P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 (9.78 and 10.02 Log cell/mL) and C. tropicalis-KKU20 (9.53 and 9.6 Log cells/mL) at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The highest ethanol production was observed in S. cerevisiae at 76.4, 77.8, 78.5, and 78.6 g/L at 36, 48, 60, and 72 h of incubation time, respectively (p < 0.01). The P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 yielded the least reducing sugar at about 30.6 and 29.8 g/L at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The screening and isolation of yeasts from rumen fluids resulted in 11 different yeasts being obtained. The potential yeasts discovered in the rumen fluid of cattle were Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20, Candida tropicalis-KKU20, and Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 had higher results than the other yeasts in terms of biomass production, cellulase enzyme activity, and cell number.

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