EFFECT OF TIME OFF FEED ON BLOOD ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS IN PIGS DIFFERING IN THEIR REACTION TO HALOTHANE

In an effort to elucidate physiological factors involved in the development of pale-soft-exudative pork, blood acid base status was assessed in swine from two genetic lines of pigs and their F1 cross. The lines consisted of: (1) pigs that reacted positively (skeletal muscle rigidity) to the respiratory administration of halothane (halothane positive (H+)) based on Pietrain × Lacombe breed crosses, (2) Purebred Lacombe pigs that did not react positively to halothane anesthesia (Lac) and (3) pigs which were the progeny of crossbreeding (C) between halothane positive and negative animals. In addition, time off feed prior to slaughter (0, 24 or 48 h) was imposed as a stressor in order to test response differences among the three lines. The venous blood PCO2, total CO2, bicarbonate ion levels, standard bicarbonate and base excess levels were found to be higher in the H + pigs compared to either Lac or C pigs. All pig lines displayed higher blood pH, total CO2, bicarbonate ion, standard bicarbonate and base excess yet lower PO2 at 24 h off feed compared to 0 h off feed. These data suggest that H+ pigs have a greater tendency toward hypercapnia and a blood base excess than either Lac or C pigs. In addition, the incidence of hypercapnia and blood base excess for H +, Lac and C pigs was greatest at 24 h off feed. Key words: Acid-base stability, pig genotypes, fasting

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Iatrogenic alkalosis in goats with the use of intravenous electrolyte solution containing 84 mEq/L of lactate

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Priscilla Fajardo Valente Pereira ◽

Fernanda Tamara Neme Mobaid Agudo Romão ◽

Juliana Massitel Curti ◽

Stefany Lia de Oliveira Camilo ◽

Karina Keller Marques da Costa Flaiban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Base Excess ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Continuous Administration ◽

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Alkaline Reserve ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Lactated Ringer's Solution ◽

Baseline Values

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the alkalinizing potential of an intravenous polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/L of lactate on hydroelectrolyte and acid-base balances in healthy goats.Four solutions, containing 28 and 84 mEq/L of lactate (L28 and L84) or bicarbonate (B28 and B84), were formulated. Six healthy Saanen goats were used. All four solutions were infused intravenously in each animal, one at a time, with an interval of 4-5 days between the infusions, at a speed of 33.3 mL/kg/h and totaling a volume equivalent to 10% of their body weight, in 3 h of continuous administration. Samples of venous blood and urine were collected at 0h (start of the infusion), 1.5h (middle of the infusion), 3h (end of the infusion), and 4.5h, 6h, and 24 h from the start of the infusion. The laboratory tests includeddetermination of blood pH, pCO2,HCO3 -, base excess (BE), Na+, K+, Cl-, total plasmatic protein, L-lactate, and creatinine. In urine samples, pH, Na+, K+, Cl-, L-lactate, and creatinine were measured. The L28 solution, equivalent to lactated Ringer’s solution, caused a slight increase in the alkaline reserve and did not change the electrolyte balance. The L84 solution resulted in a greater increase in the alkaline reserve, equivalent to the B84 solution, with return to baseline values within 24 h from the start of the infusion.The L84 solution proved to be safe and produced iatrogenic alkalization when infused into healthy goats, without causing side effects.

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A mathematical model of blood-interstitial acid-base balance: application to dilution acidosis and acid-base status

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00514.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 110 (4) ◽

pp. 988-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Matthew B. Wolf ◽

Edward C. DeLand

Keyword(s):

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Interstitial Fluid ◽

Equilibrium Distribution ◽

Base Excess ◽

Acid Base ◽

Mobile Species ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Base Disorder ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Acid Base Status

We developed mathematical models that predict equilibrium distribution of water and electrolytes (proteins and simple ions), metabolites, and other species between plasma and erythrocyte fluids (blood) and interstitial fluid. The models use physicochemical principles of electroneutrality in a fluid compartment and osmotic equilibrium between compartments and transmembrane Donnan relationships for mobile species. Across the erythrocyte membrane, the significant mobile species Cl−is assumed to reach electrochemical equilibrium, whereas Na+and K+distributions are away from equilibrium because of the Na+/K+pump, but movement from this steady state is restricted because of their effective short-term impermeability. Across the capillary membrane separating plasma and interstitial fluid, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and H+are mobile and establish Donnan equilibrium distribution ratios. In each compartment, attainment of equilibrium by carbonates, phosphates, proteins, and metabolites is determined by their reactions with H+. These relationships produce the recognized exchange of Cl−and bicarbonate across the erythrocyte membrane. The blood submodel was validated by its close predictions of in vitro experimental data, blood pH, pH-dependent ratio of H+, Cl−, and HCO3−concentrations in erythrocytes to that in plasma, and blood hematocrit. The blood-interstitial model was validated against available in vivo laboratory data from humans with respiratory acid-base disorders. Model predictions were used to gain understanding of the important acid-base disorder caused by addition of saline solutions. Blood model results were used as a basis for estimating errors in base excess predictions in blood by the traditional approach of Siggaard-Andersen (acid-base status) and more recent approaches by others using measured blood pH and Pco2values. Blood-interstitial model predictions were also used as a basis for assessing prediction errors of extracellular acid-base status values, such as by the standard base excess approach. Hence, these new models can give considerable insight into the physicochemical mechanisms producing acid-base disorders and aid in their diagnoses.

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Metabolic acid-base status in critically ill patients: is standard base excess correlated with serum lactate level?

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva ◽

10.1590/s0103-507x2006000100005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Danilo Teixeira Noritomi ◽

Ricardo Reis Sanga ◽

André Carlos Kajdaksi-Balla Amaral ◽

Marcelo Park

Keyword(s):

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Lactate Level ◽

Base Excess ◽

Serum Lactate ◽

Serum Lactate Level ◽

Acid Base ◽

Standard Base Excess ◽

Acid Base Status ◽

Standard Base

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Influence of changes in cardiac output on the acid-base status of arterial and mixed venous blood

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1007/bf00580274 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 410 (3) ◽

pp. 257-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. L. Hoogeveen ◽

J. P. Zock ◽

P. Rispens ◽

W. G. Zijlstra

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Mixed Venous Blood ◽

Acid Base ◽

Acid Base Status ◽

Mixed Venous

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Hyperlactacemia in critically ill children: comparison of traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi47.1.2007.35-41 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Hari Kushartono ◽

Antonius H. Pudjiadi ◽

Susetyo Harry Purwanto ◽

Imral Chair ◽

Darlan Darwis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Base Excess ◽

Pediatric Intensive Care ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Critically Ill Children ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Acid Base ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Acid Base Status ◽

Lactate Levels ◽

Elevated Lactate

Background Base excess is a single variable used to quantifymetabolic component of acid base status. Several researches havecombined the traditional base excess method with the Stewartmethod for acid base physiology called as Fencl-Stewart method.Objective The purpose of the study was to compare two differentmethods in identifying hyperlactacemia in pediatric patients withcritical illness.Methods The study was performed on 43 patients admitted tothe pediatric intensive care unit of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Jakarta. Sodium, potassium, chloride, albumin, lactateand arterial blood gases were measured. All samples were takenfrom artery of all patients. Lactate level of >2 mEq/L was definedas abnormal. Standard base excess (SBE) was calculated fromthe standard bicarbonate derived from Henderson-Hasselbalchequation and reported on the blood gas analyzer. Base excessunmeasured anions (BE UA ) was calculated using the Fencl-Stewartmethod simplified by Story (2003). Correlation between lactatelevels in traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods were measuredby Pearson’s correlation coefficient .Results Elevated lactate levels were found in 24 (55.8%) patients.Lactate levels was more strongly correlated with BE UA (r = - 0.742,P<0.01) than with SBE (r = - 0.516, P<0.01).Conclusion Fencl-Stewart method is better than traditionalmethod in identifying patients with elevated lactate levels, so theFencl-Stewart method is suggested to use in clinical practice.

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Effects of External Acidification on the Blood Acid-Base Status and Ion Concentrations of Lamprey

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.136.1.351 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 351-361

Author(s):

LEONA MATTSOFF ◽

MIKKO NIKINMAA

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Acid Base ◽

Ion Concentrations ◽

Ph Response ◽

Ph Values ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Acid Base Status ◽

The Difference ◽

K Concentration

We studied the effects of acute external acidification on the acid-base status and plasma and red cell ion concentrations of lampreys. Mortality was observed within 24 h at pH5 and especially at pH4. The main reason for the high sensitivity of lampreys to acid water appears to be the large drop in blood pH: 0.6 and 0.8 units after 24 h at pH5 and pH4, respectively. The drop of plasma pH is much larger than in teleost fishes exposed to similar pH values. The difference in the plasma pH response between lampreys and teleosts probably results from the low buffering capacity of lamprey blood, since red cells cannot participate in buffering extracellular acid loads. Acidification also caused a decrease in both Na+ and C− concentrations and an elevation in K+ concentration of plasma. The drop in plasma Na+ concentration occurred faster than the drop in plasma Cl− concentration which, in turn, coincided with the decrease in total CO2 concentration of the blood.

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The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality in laying geese

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5696-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. Kaya ◽

B. Karademir ◽

O. Ucar

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Base Excess ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Normal Health

The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality during the laying cycle in geese were investigated. Fourteen geese aged 2 yr old were divided into two groups as; control (Group C, n = 7) and 0.5% NaHCO3 -supplemented group (Group T, n = 7). After 15 days of adaptation period, blood samples were collected every 6 h during a single laying cycle (over 42 h) and the data obtained were analysed for the pH, base excess (BE-B), HCO3– concentration, partial CO2 pressure (pCO2) and total CO2 concentration (tCO2). The parameters of eggshell quality (i.e. thickness and weight) were also measured following the laying. No correlation was found between the groups for the same blood parameters measured. But, there was a significant correlation (min. r = 0.946 and P < 0.05) between all the parameters except for the pH in the groups. Following NaHCO3 supplementation of diet however, there was no significant improvement in eggshell thickness and weight. These findings indicate that the NaHCO3 supplementation of diet may support the maintenance of venous blood pH, BE-B, HCO3–, pCO2 and tCO2 levels at the physiological ranges which are required for normal health and production status of goose during the laying cycle.

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The Impact of Peritonitis on Peritoneal and Systemic Acid-Base Status of Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089401400112 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jacques J. Sennesael ◽

Godelieve C. De Smedt ◽

Patricia Van der Niepen ◽

Dierik L. Verbeelen

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Acid Base ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Acid Base Status ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Objective To assess the possible effects of peritonitis on peritoneal and systemic acid-base status. Design pH, pCO2, lactate, and total leukocyte and differential count were simultaneously determined in the overnight dwell peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) and arterial blood in noninfected patients (controls) and on days 1, 3, and 5 from the onset of peritonitis. Setting University multidisciplinary dialysis program. Patients Prospective analysis of 63 peritonitis episodes occurring in 30 adult CAPD patients in a single center. Results In controls, mean (±SD) acid-base parameters were pH 7.41 ±0.05, pCO2 43.5±2.6 mm Hg, lactate 2.5±1.5 mmol/L in the PDE, and pH 7.43±0.04, PaCO2 36.8±3.8 mm Hg, lactate 1.4±0.7 mmol/L in the blood. In sterile (n=6), gram-positive (n=34), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=9) peritonitis PDE pH's on day 1 were, respectively, 7. 29±0.07, 7. 32±0.07, and 7.30±0.08 (p<0.05 vs control). In gram -negative peritonitis (n=14) PDE pH was 7.21 ±0.08 (p<0.05 vs all other groups). A two-to-threefold increase in PDE lactate was observed in all peritonitis groups, but a rise in pCO2 was only seen in gram -negative peritonitis. Acid-base profile of PDE had returned to control values by day 3 in sterile, gram -positive and Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis and by day 5 in gramnegative peritonitis. Despite a slight increase in plasma lactate on the first day of peritonitis, arterial blood pH was not affected by peritonitis. Conclusion PDE pH is decreased in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis, even in the absence of bacterial growth. In gram-negative peritonitis, PDE acidosis is more pronounced and prolonged, and pCO2 is markedly increased. Arterial blood pH is not affected by peritonitis.

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