Effect of feeding organic acids on gastrointestinal digesta measurements at various times postweaning in pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Risley ◽  
E. T. Kornegay ◽  
M. D. Lindemann ◽  
C. M. Wood ◽  
W. N. Eigel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

In Study 1, pigs (n = 54) weaned at 21 ± 2 d were fed a 20% CP corn-soybean meal based diet only (control) or with 1.5% fumaric or 1.5% citric acid. One half of the pigs on each treatment were orally challenged on days 3, 7 or 14 postweaning with 1010E. coli (0157:K88+) to observe the effects on scouring and on intestinal digesta pH, Cl− concentration, VFA and non-volatile acid profiles, and microflora concentrations in the stomach, jejunum, cecum and lower colon when pigs were necropsied 5, 9 or 16 d postweaning. The E. coli challenge increased (P < 0.05) the severity of scouring. Organic acids had no appreciable effects on severity of scouring and intestinal measurements except for fumaric and succinic acid concentrations which were greater in the stomach (P < 0.001) and jejunum (P < 0.05) of pigs fed fumaric acid. The E. coli challenge had no significant effect on pH, Cl− concentration, and lactobacillus or E. coli concentrations, but did increase (P < 0.05) the concentration of lactic acid in the jejunum, and total VFA in the lower colon. From days 5 to 16 postweaning, pH decreased (P < 0.002) in the cecum, Cl− concentration increased (P < 0.03) in the jejunum, lactobacillus counts decreased (P < 0.001) in the jejunum and increased (P < 0.004) in the lower colon, and E. coli counts decreased in the jejunum (P < 0.07), cecum (P < 0.02) and lower colon (P < 0.001). In Study 2, pigs (n = 96) weaned at 21 ± 2 d were similarly fed organic acids as in Study 1 and half of the animals in each treatment were orally challenged with E. coli on day 3 postweaning. During the 15-d experiment, E. coli challenge decreased (P < 0.05) ADG by 20% and increased F:G 19% from 7 to 15 d postweaning and increased (P < 0.001) the severity of scouring between days 4 and 11 postweaning. Feeding organic acids had no measurable effect on growth performance or scouring and did not modify the effects of the postweaning E. coli challenge. Key words: Pigs, pH, organic acids, volatile fatty acids, lactobacillus, Escherichia coli

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Clostridium perfringensto organic acids and monolaurin

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Skrivanova ◽  
M. Marounek ◽  
V. Benda ◽  
P. Brezina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids

The antimicrobial activity of fatty acids, monolaurin, citric, succinic, fumaric, malic and lactic acid was determined in cultures of two strains of Escherichia coli, three strains of Salmonella sp. and two strains of Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrobial activity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that prevented growth and glucose utilization in treated cultures. Caprylic acid was the only acid inhibiting glucose utilization in all cultures. Its MIC varied from 1 to 3 mg/ml. Strains CCM 3954 and CCM 4225 of E. coli were inhibited also by capric acid at 5 mg/ml. Strains CCM 4435<sup>T </sup>and CNCTC 5459 of Cl. perfringens were inhibited by medium-chain fatty acids (C<sub>8</sub> to C<sub>14</sub>), oleic acid and one strain also by linoleic acid. The minimum MICs were those of lauric and myristic acid (between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml). Growth of Cl. perfringens, but not other bacteria, was inhibited also by monoglyceride of lauric acid (MIC = 3 mg/ml), and by citric acid (MIC = 4 mg/ml). Inhibitory effects of other acids were not observed at 5 mg/ml. Caprylic and lauric acid did not influence the K<sup>+ </sup>permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane in cells of E. coli CCM 4225 and Cl. perfringens CCM 4435<sup>T</sup>, respectively. In cultures of both strains of E. coli treated with caprylic acid at 5 mg/ml, and in those of Cl. perfringens CCM 4435<sup>T </sup>treated with lauric acid at 1 mg/ml, or with its monoglyceride at 5 mg/ml, the transmission electron microscopy revealed damage of cytoplasmatic structures. In cells of Cl. perfringens the separation of inner and outer membranes was apparent, the integrity of the outer membrane, however, was maintained. It can be concluded that medium-chain fatty acids are more efficient antimicrobials than other, more polar organic acids tested.

Factors influencing the persistence ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 lineages in feces from cattle fed grain versus grass hay diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross M.S. Lowe ◽  
Krysty Munns ◽  
L. Brent Selinger ◽  
Linda Kremenik ◽  
Danica Baines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Hemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacterium that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and can lead to fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. We examined the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 lineages I and II in feces held at 4, 12, and 25 °C, from animals fed either grain or hay diets. Three strains of each lineage I and II were inoculated into grain-fed or hay-fed feces, and their persistence was monitored over 28 days. No significant differences in E. coli O157:H7 survival between the 2 lineages in both fecal types was found at the examined temperatures. Volatile fatty acids were higher in grain-fed than in hay-fed feces, resulting in consistently lower pH in the grain-fed feces at 4, 12 and 25 °C. Regardless of lineage type, E. coli O157:H7 CFUs were significantly higher in grain-fed than in hay-fed feces at 4 and 25 °C. Escherichia coli O157:H7 survival was highest in grain-fed feces at 25 °C up to 14 days. Our results indicate that the 2 lineages of E. coli O157:H7 do not differ in their persistence; however, it appears that temperature and feces type both affect the survival of the pathogen.

Behavior of Acid-Adapted and Unadapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 When Exposed to Reduced pH Achieved with Various Organic Acids

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEE-HOON RYU ◽  
YUN DENG ◽  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acid Ph

A study was done to determine if various organic acids differ in their inhibitory or lethal activity against acid-adapted and unadapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells. E. coli O157:H7 strain E0139, isolated from venison jerky, was grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and in TSB supplemented with 1% glucose (TSBG) for 18 h at 37°C, then plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) acidified with malic, citric, lactic, or acetic acid at pH 5.4, 5.1, 4.8, 4.5, 4.2, and 3.9. Regardless of whether cells were grown in TSB or TSBG, visible colonies were not formed when plated on TSA acidified with acetic, lactic, malic, or citric acids at pH values of ≤5.4, ≤4.5, ≤4.2, or ≤4.2, respectively. Cells not adapted to reduced pH did not form colonies on TSA acidified with lactic acid (pH 3.9) or acetic acid (pH 3.9 and 4.2); however, a portion of acid-adapted cells remained viable on TSA containing lactic acid (pH 3.9) or acetic acid (pH 4.2) and could be recovered in TSB. Inactivation of acid-adapted cells was less than that of unadapted cells in TSB acidified at pH 3.9 with citric, lactic, or acetic acid and at pH 3.4 with malic acid. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher numbers of acid-adapted cells, compared with unadapted cells, were detected 12 h after inoculation of TSB acidified with acetic acid at pH 3.9; in TSB containing lactic acid (pH 3.9), the number of acid-adapted cells was higher than the number of unadapted cells after 5 h. In TSB acidified at pH 3.9 with citric acid or pH 3.4 with malic acid, significantly higher numbers of acid-adapted cells survived. This study shows that organic acids differ in their inhibitory or lethal activity against acid-adapted and unadapted E. coli O157:H7 cells, and acid-adapted cells are more tolerant than unadapted cells when subsequently exposed to reduced pH caused by these acids.

scholarly journals Ingestion of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde improves tissue homeostasis of piglets exposed to enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J Jiménez ◽  
Roger Berrios ◽  
Sabine Stelzhammer ◽  
Miriam Hohmann ◽  
Waldiceu Verri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Organic acids (OA) and phytogenic compounds have been used in pig feeding as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. However, few studies have evaluated the systemic effect of the combination of these additives. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an organic acid-based feed additive (OAFA), containing a blend of OA and cinnamaldehyde, on the tissue integrity of bacterially challenged piglets. Thirty weaned piglets 21 d old were used in a 19-d trial. Pigs received a standard diet during the first 7 d and afterward were allotted to five treatments. Dietary treatments were: Control (basal diet), Escherichia coli (basal diet and challenge with E. coli), colistin (basal diet + 200 mg colistin/kg feed + challenge with E. coli), OAFA1 (basal diet + 1 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli), and OAFA2 (basal diet + 2 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli). Seven days after the beginning of the treatment, the animals were challenged with an enterotoxic strain of E. coli (K88) for pigs. Five days after the challenge, all animals were euthanized for tissue sampling for histological and oxidative stress (intestine and liver) analysis. The reduced glutathione (GSH), ferric-reducing ability potential (FRAP), and free-radical scavenging ability (ABTS) assays were used to evaluate the intestinal antioxidant defense. Lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production were evaluated through the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay, respectively. Animals fed the OAFA (1 and 2) diets had a decrease (P &lt; 0.05) on histological changes in the intestine, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Greater villus height (VH) and a higher ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) were observed in animals of the OAFA2 group compared with the control and E. coli groups. The colistin and OAFA groups decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the number of inflammatory cells in intestinal lamina propria. OAFA2 group increased (P &lt; 0.05) intestinal cell proliferation. Colistin and OAFA2 supplementation induced a decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in the levels of TBARS in both the intestine and liver compared with the E. coli group. In addition, an increase (P &lt; 0.05) in GSH and FRAP ileal levels was observed in the OAFA2 group compared with E. coli group. These results show that the supplementation with OAFA in the diet of weaned piglets, especially at a dose of 2 kg/ton (OAFA2) protected tissues against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) damage.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Organic Acids on Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Acidic Environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bjornsdottir ◽  
F. Breidt ◽  
R. F. McFeeters
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Cell Counts

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of disease due to acid-tolerant bacterial pathogens in apple cider and orange juice have raised questions about the safety of acidified foods. Using gluconic acid as a noninhibitory low-pH buffer, we investigated the killing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in the presence or absence of selected organic acids (pH of 3.2), with ionic strength adjusted to 0.60 to 0.68. During a 6-h exposure period in buffered solution (pH 3.2), we found that a population of acid-adapted E. coli O157:H7 strains was reduced by 4 log cycles in the absence of added organic acids. Surprisingly, reduced lethality for E. coli O157:H7 was observed when low concentrations (5 mM) of fully protonated acetic, malic, or l-lactic acid were added. Only a 2- to 3-log reduction in cell counts was observed, instead of the 4-log reduction attributed to pH effects in the buffered solution. Higher concentrations of these acids at the same pH aided in the killing of the E. coli cells, resulting in a 6-log or greater reduction in cell numbers. No protective effect was observed when citric acid was added to the E. coli cells. d-Lactic acid had a greater protective effect than other acids at concentrations of 1 to 20 mM. Less than a 1-log decrease in cell numbers occurred during the 6-h exposure to pH 3.2. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the protective effect of organic acids on the survival of E. coli O15:H7 under low-pH conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactic Acid on Inactivation of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC) Isolated from Tuna Loins Produced in Côte D’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Andree Emmanuelle Sika ◽  
Yolande Ake-Assi ◽  
Therese Anoman ◽  
Ollo Kambire ◽  
Rose Koffi-Nevry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Study Laboratory

Aims: The aim of this work was to study the effect of lactic acid on the growth of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolated from tuna loins. Study Design: Bacteriological study. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Microbiology of the Central Laboratory of Food hygiene and Agrobusiness (LCHAI), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire between September 2014 and December 2014. Methodology: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were isolated from tuna loins. Lactic acid (LA) 1%, 2% and 3% were tested in pathogenic strains in liquid medium (brain heart infusion broth, BHI) and in tuna loins. Results: At lactic acid 1%, the bacterial loads decreased during the first two days and then stabilized. E. coli strains in tuna loins were higher (1.25 to 0.9 log CFU/g) than E. coli in liquid medium (0.69 to 0.3 log CFU/g). No bacterial growth was observed in the tuna loins and in BHI for concentrations of 2% and 3% of lactic acid. Conclusion: Lactic acid has an inhibitory effect at 1% and bactericidal effect at 2% and 3% on the growth of E. coli. The use of lactic acid as a preservative could be a solution for the preservation of these products.

Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent) Reduces Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli in Pastured Cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. JIN ◽  
Y. WANG ◽  
A. D. IWAASA ◽  
Y. LI ◽  
Z. XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Filamentous Material

A 3-year (2009 to 2011) grazing study was conducted to assess the effects of purple prairie clover (PPC; Dalea purpurea Vent) on fecal shedding of total Escherichia coli in cattle. Three pasture types were used in the experiment: bromegrass (Check), mixed cool season grasses with PPC (Simple), and mixed cool and warm grasses with PPC (Complex). Pastures were rotationally grazed during a summer and fall grazing period. PPC was grazed in summer at the vegetative or early flower stage and at the flower or early seed stage during the fall. Fecal samples were collected for enumeration of E. coli and chemical analyses. Forage samples were collected throughout grazing for analysis. Condensed tannins (CT) were only detected in Simple and Complex pastures that contained PPC, with higher concentrations found in the fall than in the summer. Fecal counts of E. coli in cattle grazing Simple and Complex pastures linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) over summer to fall in all 3 years, an outcome not observed in cattle grazing the Check pasture. Across the three grazing seasons, fecal E. coli was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in cattle grazing Simple and Complex pastures than in those grazing the Check pasture during the fall. During the fall, feces collected from cattle grazing the Check pasture had higher (P &lt; 0.05) values for pH, N, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids, but a lower (P &lt; 0.05) acetate:propionate ratio than feces collected from cattle grazing Simple or Complex pastures. In a second experiment, two strains of E. coli were cultured in M9 medium containing 25 to 200 μg/ml of PPC CT. Growth of E. coli was linearly (P &lt; 0.01) reduced by increasing levels of PPC CT. Scanning electron micrographs showed electron-dense filamentous material associated with the outer membrane of E. coli cells exposed to CT. Incorporation of PPC into forage reduced the fecal shedding of E. coli from grazing cattle, likely due to the anti–E. coli properties of PPC CT.

scholarly journals Deletion of FaeG alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ac-induced apoptosis in the intestine

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Xia ◽  
Yunping Wu ◽  
Siqi Lian ◽  
Guomei Quan ◽  
Yiting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Antibody Microarray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fimbrial Subunit ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Weaning Piglets

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major constraint to the development of the pig industry, which is causing newborn and post-weaning piglets diarrhea. Previous studies proved that FaeG is the major fimbrial subunit of F4ac E. coli and efficient for bacterial adherence and receptor recognition. Here we show that the faeG deletion attenuates both the clinical symptoms of F4ac infection and the F4ac-induced intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Antibody microarray analysis and the detection of mRNA expression using porcine neonatal jejunal IPEC-J2 cells also determined that the absence of FaeG subunit alleviated the F4ac promoted apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, targeted depletion of FaeG is still beneficial for the prevention or treatment of F4ac infection.

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