Identification of regulatory genes to improve nitrogen use efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Guevara ◽  
Yong-Mei Bi ◽  
Steven J. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency

Guevara, D. R., Bi, Y.-M. and Rothstein, S. J. 2014. Identification of regulatory genes to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1009–1012. Crop production on soils containing sub-optimal levels of nitrogen (N) severely compromises yield potential. The development of crop varieties displaying high N use efficiency (NUE) is necessary in order to optimize N fertilizer use, and reduce the environmental damage caused by the current excessive application of N in agricultural areas. Genome-wide microarray analysis of rice plants grown under N-limiting environments was performed to identify NUE candidate genes. An early nodulin gene, OsENOD93-1, was strongly up-regulated during plant growth under low N. A constitutive Ubiquitin promoter was used to drive the expression of the OsENOD93-1 gene in transgenic plants to determine the importance of OsENOD93-1 for rice NUE. Transgenic rice plants over-expressing the OsENOD93-1 gene achieved ∼23% and 16% more yield and biomass, respectively, compared with wild-type plants when grown under N-limitation conditions. OsENOD93-1-OX transgenic plants accumulated a higher amount of total amino acids in the roots and xylem sap under N stress, suggesting that OsENOD93-1 plays a role in the transportation of amino acids. Taken together, we demonstrate that an effective way to identify NUE gene candidates involves both transcriptional profiling coupled with a transgenic validation approach to improve complex traits such as NUE in important crops.

scholarly journals Co-Overexpression of OsNAR2.1 and OsNRT2.3a Increased Agronomic Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Transgenic Rice Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingguang Chen ◽  
Xiaoqin Liu ◽  
Shuhua Liu ◽  
Xiaoru Fan ◽  
Limei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Transgenic Rice Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Nitrogen Use Efficiency Phenotype and Associated Genes: Roles of Germination, Flowering, Root/Shoot Length and Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Sharma ◽  
Vimlendu Bhushan Sinha ◽  
N. Arun Prem Kumar ◽  
Desiraju Subrahmanyam ◽  
C. N. Neeraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Use Efficiency

Crop improvement for Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) requires a well-defined phenotype and genotype, especially for different N-forms. As N-supply enhances growth, we comprehensively evaluated 25 commonly measured phenotypic parameters for N response using 4 N treatments in six indica rice genotypes. For this, 32 replicate potted plants were grown in the green-house on nutrient-depleted sand. They were fertilized to saturation with media containing either nitrate or urea as the sole N source at normal (15 mM N) or low level (1.5 mM N). The variation in N-response among genotypes differed by N form/dose and increased developmentally from vegetative to reproductive parameters. This indicates survival adaptation by reinforcing variation in every generation. Principal component analysis segregated vegetative parameters from reproduction and germination. Analysis of variance revealed that relative to low level, normal N facilitated germination, flowering and vegetative growth but limited yield and NUE. Network analysis for the most connected parameters, their correlation with yield and NUE, ranking by Feature selection and validation by Partial least square discriminant analysis enabled shortlisting of eight parameters for NUE phenotype. It constitutes germination and flowering, shoot/root length and biomass parameters, six of which were common to nitrate and urea. Field-validation confirmed the NUE differences between two genotypes chosen phenotypically. The correspondence between multiple approaches in shortlisting parameters for NUE makes it a novel and robust phenotyping methodology of relevance to other plants, nutrients or other complex traits. Thirty-Four N-responsive genes associated with the phenotype have also been identified for genotypic characterization of NUE.

scholarly journals Leaf Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Relationships with Growth and Yield in Teff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fekremariam Mihretie ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Wataru Tsuji ◽  
Mitsuru Tsubo ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background: Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is an important grain crop, but a paucity of research means that the mean yield is below 1.5 t ha−1. Its high genetic diversity has not been exploited to improve its yield potential. Previous efforts at increasing yield were based entirely on phenotypic, morphologic, and agronomic merits. However, photosynthetic capacity has been neglected, so its possible contributions to yield improvements remain unexplored. Results: We grew 15 teff cultivars in a controlled environment to explore variations in photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and examined the relationships of gas exchange and NUE before anthesis with growth and yield attributes. Substantial differences were found in leaf photosynthetic rate (19 ± 9 μmol m−2 s−1, mean ± SD), stomatal conductance (0.11 ± 0.09 mol m−2 s−1), and transpiration rate (2.4 ± 1.3 mmol m−2 s−1). The cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.05) in both NUE (190 ± 227 g m−2) and photosynthetic NUE (59 ± 34 µmol g−1s−1). On average, the plants partitioned 29% of N to leaf, 28% to panicle, and 13% to stem before anthesis. Yield and biomass production were closely associated with photosynthetic capacity and NUE. Clustering of the cultivars on the basis of photosynthesis, NUE, growth, and yield indicates wide variations in photosynthetic capacity and NUE in the wider teff gene pool that should be exploited. Conclusion: We conclude that leaf photosynthesis and NUE are positively related to yield and biomass production in teff.

Genetic Variation for Nitrogen-Use Efficiency Among Selected Tropical Maize Hybrids Differing in Grain Yield Potential

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Abe ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Stephen Patrick Moose ◽  
Victor Olawale Adetimirin ◽  
Amudalat Bolanle Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Use Efficiency

Integrated genomics, physiology and breeding approaches for improving nitrogen use efficiency in potato: translating knowledge from other crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagesh K. Tiwari ◽  
Darren Plett ◽  
Trevor Garnett ◽  
Swarup K. Chakrabarti ◽  
Rajesh K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Production ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Integrated Genomics

Potato plays a key role in global food and nutritional security. Potato is an N fertiliser-responsive crop, producing high tuber yields. However, excessive use of N can result in environmental damage and high production costs, hence improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of potato plants is one of the sustainable options to address these issues and increase yield. Advanced efforts have been undertaken to improve NUE in other plants like Arabidopsis, rice, wheat and maize through molecular and physiological approaches. Conversely, in potato, NUE studies have predominantly focussed on agronomy or soil management, except for a few researchers who have measured gene expression and proteins relevant to N uptake or metabolism. The focus of this review is to adapt knowledge gained from other plants to inform investigation of N metabolism and associated traits in potato with the aim of improving potato NUE using integrated genomics, physiology and breeding methods.

Engineering nitrogen use efficiency with alanine aminotransferase

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Good ◽  
Susan J. Johnson ◽  
Mary De Pauw ◽  
Rebecka T. Carroll ◽  
Nic Savidov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Nitrogen (N) is the most important factor limiting crop productivity worldwide. The ability of plants to acquire N from applied fertilizers is one of the critical steps limiting the efficient use of nitrogen. To improve N use efficiency, genetically modified plants that overexpress alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) were engineered by introducing a barley AlaAT cDNA driven by a canola root specific promoter (btg26). Compared with wild-type canola, transgenic plants had increased biomass and seed yield both in the laboratory and field under low N conditions, whereas no differences were observed under high N. The transgenics also had increased nitrate influx. These changes resulted in a 40% decrease in the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required under field conditions to achieve yields equivalent to wild-type plants.

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