EFFECTS OF SPRING BURNING AND INSECTICIDES ON THE SUPERB PLANT BUG, ADELPHOCORIS SUPERBUS (UHL.), AND ASSOCIATED FAUNA IN ALFALFA SEED FIELDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Lilly ◽  
G. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Through spring burning of the plant debris in an alfalfa field effectively controlled an economic infestation of the superb plant bug, Adelphocoris superbus (Uhl.). It also destroyed two predators, Phymata fasciata (Gray) and Sinea diadema (F.), that overwinter in the egg stage in alfalfa fields. Burning reduced the severity of black stem, yellow-leaf blotch, and common leaf spot and produced a healthier stand and higher seed yield of alfalfa.Infestations of A. superbus were significantly reduced with a single application of either toxaphene at 0.4 to 1.0 pound of toxicant per acre or DDT at 0.3 or 0.5 pound per acre, applied as a spray after many of the overwintering eggs had hatched. Predacious insects did not seem to be adversely affected.

Alternaria and Cercospora Leaf Spot Diseases of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) – A Traditional Tribal Crop of South Gujarat, India, with Cost Benefit Ratio in Relation to Different Fungicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
P.B. Sandipan ◽  
P.K. Jagtap ◽  
M.C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

Abstract Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is an important minor oil seed crop grown in dry areas grown mostly by tribal and interior places as life line of tribal segment. Tribal people mainly use its oil for cooking purpose, above than that there were also other uses. Hence, the niger crop should be protected from the infection. The crop is affected by number of fungal diseases. Therefore, a field experiment was formulated for three years with the four replications at the Niger Research Station (NRS) at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU), Vanarasi, Navsari (Gujarat) on the foliar diseases of GN-1 variety of niger crop. In this experiment, six different fungicides along with one control have been evaluated to control the Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases, out of which all the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control. Here, foliar spray on the incidence of diseases was compared with the control (without any treatment). All the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control to reduce Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases of Niger crop. Treatment of Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.2 %) with two sprays first from the initiation of the disease and second after the interval of 15 days recorded the lowest incidence of Alternaria (14.56) and Cercospora (14.94) leaf spot diseases of niger and recorded the highest seed yield 337 seed yield kg/ha along with the net return with cost benefit ratio graph.

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

Asperisporium vitiphyllum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Stavropol Krai

Abstract A description is provided for Asperisporium vitiphyllum, a colonizer of living leaves, causing a leaf spot or brown leaf blotch and leaf drying. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco and South Africa), Asia (Armenia, China, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan (Almaty oblast), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), Europe (Moldova, Russia (Krasnodar krai, Leningradskaya oblast, Stavropol krai) and Ukraine)) and hosts (including Vitis vinifera).

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

Effect of plant density and herbicide application on alfalfa seed and weed yields

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
R. W. Richards ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields

Alfalfa was seeded in row spacings of 36, 72 and 108 cm and at broadcast seeding rates of 0.33, 1.0 and 3.0 kg ha−1 on irrigated land at Tilley (1983) and Lethbridge (1984), Alberta to determine the effect of plant density on weed growth and alfalfa seed yield. During the seed-producing years at each location, herbicide treatments were overlaid on seeding treatments in a split-block arrangement to assess the joint effect of herbicides and plant density on alfalfa seed yield. Hexazinone was the main herbicide used for weed control. Alfalfa seed and weeds were harvested for 5 yr following alfalfa establishment. Alfalfa seed yields tended to be maximum with 36-cm row spacings or the 3.0 kg ha−1 broadcast seeding rate, and were similar in row-seeded and broadcast-seeded alfalfa. Dry matter yields of weeds decreased as row spacings decreased or the broadcast seeding rate increased. Hexazinone controlled quackgrass, sow thistle, flixweed and kochia. In the experiment at Tilley with perennial weed infestations, mean alfalfa seed yields from 1984 to 1985 were 20% larger when herbicides were used than in the untreated check. Alfalfa plant densities slightly larger than currently recommended usually produced the largest seed yields and smallest weed infestations. Key words: Medicago sativa, quackgrass, kochia, sow thistle, flixweed, hexazinone

scholarly journals Efficacy of plant resistance inducers on cereal crops against a complex of pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Irina Matveeva ◽  
Anastasia Danilova ◽  
Yuriy Kim ◽  
Olesya Miroshnichenko ◽  
Alexander Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Puccinia Hordei ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Resistance Inducers

The article describes the benefits of using plant resistance inducers on cereal crops and the basic principles of their impact on pests development (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia hordei). The assessment results of the biological and economic effectiveness of L-479 and DL-59 preparations are presented in comparison with the chemical Kolosal,CE and biological Albit, which were used as standards for reducing the development of yellow leaf spot and rust diseases. L-479 product was found to be the most effective on wheat against brown, yellow and stem rust, and yellow leaf spot. Its biological efficacy ranged from 48.3 % to 57.0 % depending on the pathogen, and the increase in grain yield ranged from 3.7 % to 22.1 %. DL-59 product showed the best biological efficacy against dwarf leaf rust of barley – 89.8 %, the increase in grain yield was 3.5 %.

Desiccation of alfalfa for seed production with diquat and glufosinate

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
J. Fraser ◽  
K. W. Richards ◽  
N. Foroud
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Recommendations for desiccation of alfalfa do not clearly define the stage at which desiccants should be applied. To obtain this information, diquat and glufosinate were applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) from 1991 to 1994 at various stages of maturity to determine the effect of desiccant and stage of maturity at desiccation on seed yield 1000-seed weight and seed germinability. Alfalfa seed yields, 1000-seed weights, percent germination and percent viable seed were similar after desiccation with diquat and glufosinate. Desiccation when 60–75% of the alfalfa seed pods were brown permitted maximum seed yields. Percent germination increased slightly in seeds that were exposed to weathering under normal conditions until all pods turned brown. Both desiccants adequately desiccated alfalfa for harvesting but desiccation with glufosinate took 2 or 3 d longer than diquat. Desiccants did not reduce alfalfa growth in the spring after application. Key words: Germination, yield, hard seed, seed weight, stage

Canola Growth Stage at Time of Infection Determines Magnitude of White Leaf Spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) Impact

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsal Murtza ◽  
Ming Pei You ◽  
Martin John BARBETTI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Field Plots

White leaf spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) is a persistent and increasingly important foliar disease for canola (Brassica napus) across southern Australia. To define the role of plant growth stage on development of the disease epidemic, we first investigated the response of different canola cultivars (Scoop and Charlton) at five Sylvester-Bradley growth stages against N. capsellae. White leaf spot disease incidence and severity was dependent upon plant growth stage and cultivar (both P < 0.001), with plants being most susceptible at plant growth stage 1,00 (cotyledon stage) followed by plant growth stage 1,04 (4th leaf stage). Then, second, to quantify the impact of this disease on canola yield, we investigated the in-field relationship of white leaf spot disease incidence and severity with seed yield loss following artificial inoculation commencing at growth stage 1.04 (4th leaf stage). White leaf spot significantly (P < 0.001) reduced seed yield by 24% in N. capsellae inoculated field plots compared with non-inoculated field plots. We believe that this is the first time that serious seed yield losses from this disease have been quantified in-field. The current study demonstrates that N. capsellae disease incidence and severity on canola is determined by host growth stage at which pathogen infestation occurs. Emerging seedling cotyledons were highly susceptible, followed by less susceptibility in first true leaves to emerge but then increasing susceptibility as plants subsequently age towards the 4th leaf stage. This explains field observances where white leaf spot readily establishes on emerging seedlings and subsequently becomes more prevalent and severe as plants age.

EFFECTS OF ESTABLISHMENT METHOD AND A RAPESEED COMPANION CROP ON ALFALFA SEED YIELD

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WADDINGTON ◽  
N. MALIK
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Companion Crop

In two experiments at Melfort using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Beaver’) seeded at a rate of 2 kg ha−1 with and without a Polish rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) companion crop seeded at 5.5 kg ha−1, rapeseed yields in the establishment year were maximum when alfalfa and rapeseed were mixed and planted in 15-cm rows. Alfalfa showed no consistent seed yield differences between broadcast seeding, seeding in 15- or 61-cm rows, or seeding with or without the companion crop.Key words: Alfalfa, rapeseed, Brassica campestris, seed production

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