INFLUENCE OF SOLAR RADIATION AND SOIL MOISTURE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHINOOK WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
W. L. Pelton ◽  
K. F. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Net Assimilation

The influence of solar radiation on the growth and yield of Chinook wheat was determined in a 5-year field shading study, and a 1-year, 3 × 3 shading × soil moisture lysimeter experiment.In the field, shading with saran mesh reduced solar radiation and wind but had little effect on air or soil temperature. In moist years shade maintained soil moisture at a higher level than no shade. Generally, mean leaf area ratio decreased and mean net assimilation rate and relative growth rate increased linearly with increases in the log of light intensity. There were interactions between shading × years (weather) relative to dry matter yield. The efficiency with which solar energy was used for grain production increased with shading. The effect of shading on crude protein and soluble sugars in grain was variable.In the lysimeter shading study, regression equations were used to relate several plant characters to shading and soil moisture (in the available range). Plant height, stem diameter, days to head, number of tillers, weights of grain and of straw, and percent cellulose were negatively related to soil moisture stress; crude protein was positively related. Days to head and crude protein were negatively related to light intensity, but all the other characters were positively related. The partial regression coefficients indicated that the influence of soil moisture stress was much more important than solar radiation on the crude protein content of the grain.

INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY AND SOIL MOISTURE ON THE GROWTH, YIELD AND SOME GROWTH ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINOOK WHEAT GROWN IN THE GROWTH CHAMBER

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
D. W. L. Read
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

The response of Chinook wheat to light intensity, air temperature and soil moisture stress was studied under controlled environmental conditions in a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment.Increasing day temperature from 21 to 27 °C or night temperature from 13 to 21 °C did not affect tillering, but the plants had shorter, slimmer culms with smaller individual leaves, less total leaf area, and less vegetative and grain dry matter. Temperature changes had little effect on leaf area ratios and their influence on net assimilation rate and relative growth rate was inconsistent. Percent grain protein was increased by temperature.A reduction of light intensity from 17 to 6 cals cm−2hr−1 did not change individual leaf size, but did produce shorter plants with fewer tillers and weak culms. Vegetative, root and grain dry matter were reduced. Shading reduced the translocation of leaf assimilates and lowered the cellulose content of the straw, but increased percent grain protein.Plants developed more tillers at the lower moisture stress, but this difference disappeared by heading time. The lower stress resulted in taller, thicker-stemmed culms with a greater total leaf area, and greater yields of straw and root. The effect of moisture on leaf area ratio was small and its influence on net assimilation rate and relative growth rate was small and inconsistent. Its influence on grain yield varied with temperature; the latter interaction was traced specifically to the influence of moisture stress on seed set. The effect of moisture on percent protein and carbohydrates in grain and on percent cellulose in the straw was inconsistent.

INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY, SOIL MOISTURE STRESS AND SOIL AERATION ON MOISTURE USE BY WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Reduced Rate

In growth chamber experiments, it was found that total and rate of moisture use by wheat were directly proportional to light intensity, except under conditions which restricted growth.Increasing the day temperature from 21° to 27 °C reduced the total moisture use. This was attributed to the greater vegetative dry matter produced at 21 °C. Under high soil moisture stress, (0.2 to 15 atm), plants used less water at a slower rate than at the lower stress (0.2 to 1.4 atm), but the moisture treatment had little effect on moisture use per gram of dry matter Apparently, under the conditions of this experiment the most important cause of reduced transpiration at high moisture stress was reduced plant growth.At about the late tillering to stem-extension stage, wheat was surprisingly insensitive to changes in moisture stress. An increase in soil moisture stress during this period did not result in the usual reduced rate of moisture consumption.Irrespective of the growth stage at which the stress was changed (increased or decreased), stress had little influence on moisture use per unit of straw dry matter. If the soil was "wet" (0.2 to 1.4 atm) at about the stem-extension stage, poor seed set occurred and thus moisture use per gram of seed was increased. When plants were provided with adequate aeration, moisture use per gram of seed was one-third that of plants grown under poor aeration.

RESPONSE OF FABABEAN YIELD, PROTEIN PRODUCTION, AND WATER USE TO IRRIGATION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. KROGMAN ◽  
E. H. HOBBS ◽  
R. C. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Irrigated Crops

Response of fababeans (Vicia faba L.) to irrigation was studied by subjecting the crop to soil moisture stress (withholding irrigation) during the latter parts of the growing season or to levels of soil moisture (varying the frequency of irrigation) throughout the growing season. Increased soil moisture supply under either of these procedures increased yields of seed, straw and crude protein. Evapotranspiration (ET) for the growing season averaged 544 mm, which is 16% greater than that of irrigated cereals. Efficiency of water use (plant product per unit of ET) was about constant over the range of treatments and yields were linearly correlated with ET. Soil moisture must be maintained at least above 50% of the available range to achieve the full yield potential of fababeans. The potential yield of crude protein equals or exceeds that of other irrigated crops in southern Alberta.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil moisture regimes and salinity level on growth and yield in mustard

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagbir Singh ◽  
S. K. Varma ◽  
J. N. Bhatia ◽  
Lekh Raj
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Almost All

Soil moisture stress and salinity resulted reduction in almost all the growth, yield and yield attributes in mustard var. RH-30. Salinity behaved similarly to soil moisture stress and the magnitude of reduction increased with the increase in their level accordingly. Chloride type of toxicity was found to be more harmful than that of sulphate toxicity. The results obtained in the present study suggested that maintenance of wetter irrigation under salinity could go a long way in maximizing the crop production in mustard

Effect of Soil Moisture Stress on Growth and Yield of Cassava in Nigeria

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 3085-3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Aina . ◽  
A.G.O. Dixon . ◽  
E.A. Akinrinde .
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress

scholarly journals Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO<sub>2</sub> and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Keenan ◽  
R. García ◽  
A. D. Friend ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
C. Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Forest Growth Model

Abstract. Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ("ORCHIDEE"), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ("GOTILWA+"), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document