SEED YIELD RESPONSE OF THREE FORAGE GRASSES TO THINNING

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Weight Data

Orchard grass, timothy, and bromegrass were grown for seed production in 35.5- and 71.0-cm row widths, containing plants in a solid or in a 35.5-cm thinned row arrangement. Seed yield, head numbers, head length, seed per head, and seed weight data were collected for 3–5 crop years. Orchard grass produced its highest yield of seed from the 71.0-cm thinned rows. Yield differences were present for the first 3 years only. Yield components were affected to a larger extent by row width than by thinning. However, with timothy, row widths did not influence yield and components some years. The production methods affected the bromegrass seed crop in the 1st crop year but had no influence by the 3rd year. Although some relations were established between seed yield and the components with the species studied, none appeared to clarify the physiological relations involved.

The effect of defoliation on seed production by capeweed (Arctotheca calendula)

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Individual Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Two experiments were done in pots to assess the effect of defoliation at different times on the seed yield of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). Yield components measured were: number of seedheads per plant, number of seeds per seedhead, number of seeds per plant, and weight of individual seeds. Of the components of yield, number of florets per seedhead and individual seed weight were maintained under all treatments; number of seedheads and number of seeds per seedhead were more affected by defoliation. Whether grown as spaced plants or in swards, leaf removal did not significantly reduce the number of seeds produced unless combined with bud and flower removal at late flowering only. The results are discussed in relation to the growth and persistence of capeweed in pastures.

Irrigation and Nitrogen Studies in s. 23 Ryegrass Grown for Seed: 1. Growth, Development, Seed Yield Components and Seed Yield

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and nitrogen on S. 23 perennial ryegrass grown for seed were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1972 to 1974. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield by 16% in 1972 and 52% in 1974 but had no effect in the wet year of 1973. In 1972 maximum deficit reached 110 mm at the end of July and coincided with anthesis. Consequently the yield response was due to an increase in number of seeds per unit area and no other seed yield component was affected. In 1974 peak deficit also reached about 100 mm but started to build up rapidly very early in the season and had reached 80 mm by the time that the first ears emerged. Consequently the yield response was due to increases in number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per unit area and 1000-seed weight.Irrigation had no significant effect on number of florets or seeds, except in 1974 when percentage of florets which produced seed was increased by 2%.Irrigation had some effect on threshed straw yields, total dry matter, harvest index and total number of tillers but where this occurred the response was much smaller than that of seed yield which indicates that irrigation had greater effects on the reproductive development of the crop than on yield of dry matter and tillering patterns. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 0 to 80 kg/ha increased seed yields, all seed yield components except 1000-seed weight, threshed straw yields and total dry matter and number of tillers at most sampling dates. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 80 to 160 kg/ha had little further effect on the above components except in 1972 where seed yields were significantly decreased.In 1972 number of florets was increased and percentage of florets which produced seed decreased with increasing quantities of nitrogen.

Is the flag leaf important in perennial ryegrass seed production?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
J.A.K. Trethewey ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In cereals, the importance of the flag leaf for contributing carbohydrate during seed fill is well documented. However, in ryegrass this relationship is not so clear. This paper reports on an investigation of the effect on seed yield components of reduced photosynthetic capacity to the flag leaf, stem and head of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The hypothesis was that reduced photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf does not affect seed yield components in perennial ryegrass. Following flowering, photosynthetic capacity was reduced by defoliation or shading the flag leaf, stem, or head of individual tillers. Seed yield components were measured at harvest. Reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the flag leaf and stem did not affect thousand seed weight or seed yield when compared with control plants whereas reducing PAR to the head had a significant effect. The seed head itself may be more important than the flag leaf during seed fill, but when the seed head is shaded substantial re-mobilisation of stored carbohydrates can occur. Keywords: flag leaf, green leaf area, Lolium perenne, photosynthetically active radiation, seed fill, seed yield, thousand seed weight, water-soluble carbohydrates

scholarly journals Effect of Variety and Level of Phosphorus on the Yield and Yield Components of Lentil

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Datta ◽  
MAR Sarker ◽  
FMJ Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Four Levels

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of variety and level of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and yield components of lentil at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2009 to March 2010. Three lentil varieties viz. BINA masur 2, BINA masur 3 and BARI masur 4 and four levels of phosphorus viz. 0 kg P ha-1 (P0), 15 kg P ha-1 (P15), 30 kg P ha-1 (P30) and 45 kg P ha-1 (P45) were used in this experiment. Varieties showed significant influence on the all characters except plant height. The highest seed yield (1165 kg ha-1) was observed in BARI masur 4, and the lowest seed yield (1028 kg ha-1) was found in BINA masur 3. Phosphorus fertilizer had a significant effect on all the plant characters studied except 1000 seed weight. The highest seed yield (1222kg ha-1) was observed in P45 (45 kg P ha-1) treatment and the lowest seed yield (893 kg ha-1) was found in P0 treatment. In case of interaction, effect of cultivar and phosphorus fertilizer doses had a significant effect on all the plant characters studied except seeds pod-1 and 1000-seed weight. The highest seed yield (1317 kg ha-1) was obtained in V3 X P45 treatment, and the lowest seed yield (830 kg ha-1) was observed in V2 X P0 treatment combination. Among the varieties BINA masur 2 and BARI masur 4 were superior to BINA masur 3 in respect of yield performance with 30 kg P ha-1. BARI masur 4 fertilized with 30 kg P ha-1 produced the highest seed yield. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (1): 78-82, June, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.16097

scholarly journals Heliotropism and water availability effects on flowering dynamics and seed production in Macroptilium lathyroides

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Martins dos Santos ◽  
Luis Mauro Gonçalves Rosa ◽  
Lucia Brandão Franke ◽  
Carlos Nabinger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Movements ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Response To Water

The experiment was carried out in pots in a glasshouse, with one plant per pot and nine repetitions per treatment. The treatments consisted of free or restricted leaves, submited to 90-100% or 60-70% soil field capacity (FC). Only independent effects of water availability or leaf movement were observed on yield components. Plants under well-watered conditions and with freely orienting leaves were taller, and had a larger number of ramifications. The greater development favored the setting of a higher number of inflorescences per plant in these treatments. This behavior resulted in a high number of flowers, green and mature legumes per plant, thus resulting in high seed production which was the most evident response to water availability. Although individual seed weight was higher in the water stress treatment, total seed production was higher for well-watered plants, with no statistically significant effect of leaf movements.

THE EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW WIDTH IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN ORCHARD GRASS, DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fulkerson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
The Third ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of six seeding rates and five row spacings on seed yield, seed quality and the yield components—number of fertile culms per square foot, number of seeds per culm and seed weight were studied in orchard grass.Row width had a marked effect on seed yield each year. Rate of seeding affected seed yield to a lesser extent and a row width × seeding rate interaction did occur. Seeding rates and row width caused small relatively unimportant differences in seedling establishment and early seedling vigour only in the third harvest year. Considering seed yield, seed quality and the ease of weed control, the best treatment combination appeared to be a seeding rate in the area of [Formula: see text] in 14-in. rows for stands to produce for 2 or 3 years.Seed yield was positively and closely correlated with the number of fertile culms in the first 2 crop years but a negative relationship was found in the third crop year. Seed weight was negatively correlated with seed yield. The number of seeds per panicle was closely associated with yield in the third crop year and negatively correlated with seed weight and culm numbers.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Bari Mung-5 Under Different Time of Sowing

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Nargis Jahan ◽  
M M Golam Adam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Pod Length

A field experiment was carried out at University of Dhaka from March to July, 2011 to study the effect of time of sowing on the growth and yield of BARI mung-5. The treatments consisted of three dates of sowing viz. March 15, April 15 and May 15. The crop responded significantly to sowing time and 15 April sowing seeds produced plants having maximum plant height (68.4 cm), leaves/plant (29.33), total dry matter/plant (17.99), branches/plant (8.17), pods/plant (11.33), pod length (8.78 cm), seeds/pod (11.17), 1000 seed weight (46.52 g), seed yield/plant (5.33 g), yield/ha (1.77 t) and harvest index (29.58 %) at harvest. The seed yield decreased by 36.8 and 49.9% when seed sown early (15 March) or late (15 May) due to production of lower yield components.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12966   Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 227-231, 2012    

Effect of shallow, rotary cultivation with vertical tines and nitrogen fertilization on the seed productivity of creeping red fescue

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
River Region ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Seed Crops

A field study in the Peace River region of north-western Canada evaluated the effect of shallow rotary cultivation with vertical tines on the seed production of stands of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). At four sites, rotary cultivation treatments (None, Low, Medium and High tine rotor speed) were applied after the harvest of the first and second seed crops, in factorial combination with the time of application of 68 kg ha-1 N fertilizer (Early fall, Late fall, and Split 1:1 early:late fall). In harvest years 2 and 3, the effect of site on seed yield per unit land area was modified by both N and rotary cultivation. In harvest year 2, seed yield at Site 1 was increased greatly by rotary cultivation, regardless of the tine rotor speed, but there was little difference among the four cultivation treatments at the other three sites. In harvest year 3, seed yield was increased with Low, Medium and High rotary cultivation to 6- to 11-fold that without rotary cultivation at Sites 1 and 2 but only to 1.4- to 2-fold at Sites 3 and 4. Seed yield response to rotary cultivation was dependent on site and year, a reflection of the physiological status of the fescue plants at each specific site. Rotary cultivation treatments may have been too detrimental to tiller growth and development for sustaining and enhancing seed yield, particularly at Sites 3 and 4 prior to harvest year 2. There was no consistent pattern of response in seed yield among the four sites to the three N treatments in either harvest year 2 or 3. Although there was a significant (P < 0.001) N × rotary cultivation interaction for seed yield in harvest year 3, the pattern among cultivation treatments was generally similar for each N treatment; compared to no cultivation, the three cultivation treatments more than doubled seed yield to 255–322 kg ha-1 with Early and Split N and increased it 4- to 6-fold to 203–288 kg ha-1 with Late N. There is some potential for rotary cultivation, but the selected treatments were generally too aggressive in suppressing tillers. Key words: Rejuvenation of creeping red fescue, mechanical rejuvenation, rotary cultivation, power-harrowing, grass seed production

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to imazethapyr

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
G. Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

A field study was conducted during 3 yr to determine the growth and yield response of Pinto, Pink Red and Great Northern dry beans to various doses of imazethapyr. Imazethapyr was applied postemergence at 0, 25, 50 75 100, 150, and 200 g ha−1 to each class of dry bean. Results indicated that these four classes of dry beans responded similarly to imazethapyr. Dry bean injury increased and yields were reduced as dose of imazethapyr increased. At the proposed use dose of 50 g ha−1, imazethapyr reduced yield by 5 to 6%. Imazethapyr at 100 g ha−1 reduced dry bean yield by 10 to 12% and delayed maturity by 3 to 4 d. Benefits of superior weed control attained with imazethapyr should be weighed against potential crop injury when growers consider using imazethapyr in their dry bean weed management programs. Key words: Herbicide injury, maturity, seed yield, seed weight

Physiology of growth and seed production in Lupinus angustifolius L. III. Effects of defoliation and lateral branch excision on dry matter and seed production at different growth temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Downes ◽  
JS Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Cool Conditions

Plants of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop were raised at 27/22 or 21/16�C dayhight temperatures until flowering. They were then either grown on to maturity at these conditions or moved to the other regime. Branches were removed as they started to develop and leaves were removed at the start of flowering so that 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 upper leaves or all 21 leaves were retained. Conditions before flowering determined potential pod number. Defoliation treatments revealed that under favourably cool conditions all leaves contributed to seed yield but in treatments involving 27/22'C there was no seed yield response to more than about six leaves, emphasizing the significance of environmental conditions rather than current assimilate on pod set and other yield components. In another experiment, plants were raised to flowering at 27/22, 21/16 or 15/10�C before flowering, when all were moved to 21/16�C. Half the plants were allowed to develop branches and on the remainder branch buds were removed. Branch and stem growth appeared to provide severe competition for the development of the primary inflorescence. Though branching was much more pronounced in plants at 15/10�C before flowering than in other treatments, vegetative development exceeded reproductive investment and harvest index was low under these conditions. It was suggested that there appears to be a need to develop and evaluate unbranched or less-branched lupin genotypes.

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