Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to imazethapyr

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
G. Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

A field study was conducted during 3 yr to determine the growth and yield response of Pinto, Pink Red and Great Northern dry beans to various doses of imazethapyr. Imazethapyr was applied postemergence at 0, 25, 50 75 100, 150, and 200 g ha−1 to each class of dry bean. Results indicated that these four classes of dry beans responded similarly to imazethapyr. Dry bean injury increased and yields were reduced as dose of imazethapyr increased. At the proposed use dose of 50 g ha−1, imazethapyr reduced yield by 5 to 6%. Imazethapyr at 100 g ha−1 reduced dry bean yield by 10 to 12% and delayed maturity by 3 to 4 d. Benefits of superior weed control attained with imazethapyr should be weighed against potential crop injury when growers consider using imazethapyr in their dry bean weed management programs. Key words: Herbicide injury, maturity, seed yield, seed weight

Effects of Plant Density and Thinning on High-Yielding Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Mexíco

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aguilar M. Immer ◽  
R. A. Fischer ◽  
Joshue Kohashi S.
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Pod Number

SUMMARYThe influence of leaf area and inter-plant competition on the growth and yield of a crop of high-yielding dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in central Mexico was studied, using density and thinning treatments. The highest seed yield (4210 kg/ha at 14% moisture) was obtained with the highest density (28·8 plants/m2). Thinning showed that pods/plant was sensitive to inter-plant competition between 36 and 78 days after seeding (first flower at 50 days), but seeds/pod, and especially seed weight, were not sensitive. It is suggested that the close positive relation between yield and leaf area duration derives from the influence of photosynthate supply upon pod number.

Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Interference in Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Bean Yield

Effects of proso millet interference with irrigated dry beans were evaluated in Nebraska over a 2-yr period. Dry bean yield reduction ranged from 12 to 31% from a wild proso millet density of 10 plants m-2. As density increased, dry bean yield reduction could be predicted with a rectangular hyperbola regression model. Ten wild proso millet plants m-2growing with dry beans produced 14 780 to 21 420 seed m-2. Dry bean yields were reduced 41 and 11% in 1990 and 1991, respectively, when wild proso millet removal was delayed 6 wk after dry bean planting. Four weeks of weed-free maintenance were sufficient to provide dry bean yields comparable to plots kept weed free all season.

Weed Control Efficacy and Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Tolerance to Early Season Mechanical Weeding

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Lori J. Wiles ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Phil Westra
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Pinto Bean

An integrated approach to weed management in pinto bean is needed since available herbicides seldom adequately control all weed species present in a field. A two-year study was conducted to assess weed control efficacy and pinto bean tolerance to mechanical weeding from a rotary hoe or flex-tine harrow at crook, unifoliolate, and trifoliolate stages of bean development. Weed control was similar for both implements and all timings in 1993. In 1994, mechanical weeding at trifoliolate and both crook and trifoliolate stages controlled more weeds than at other growth stages, regardless of type of implement. Using the flex-tine harrow reduced pinto bean stand, but results based on growth stage were not consistent each year. Damage to pinto bean hypocotyls and stems was observed with the flex-tine harrow used at both crook and trifoliolate stages in 1994. Rotary hoeing did not reduce pinto bean stand or cause injury. Yield and seed weight did not differ among treatments in either year.

scholarly journals A Model for Dry Bean Yield Loss Due to Rust

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale T. Lindgren ◽  
Kent M. Eskridge ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Daniel M. Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Weighted Analysis ◽  
Bean Yield

Severity of rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and yield of dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were recorded for 9 years in west-central Nebraska in fungicidal efficacy trials. A weighted analysis of covariance was used to estimate yield loss due to rust. The model fit the data well (R2=0.94), and the slope over all years had a 19 kg.ha−1 decrease in yield for each 1% increase in severity of rust. Yield response within years occurred only through reduction of rust for most fungicide treatments.

Hairy Nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) Interference in Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Viable Seeds

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of varying densities of hairy nightshade and varying durations of interference on the biomass and seed yield of dry beans. As few as two hairy nightshade plants per meter of row reduced bean seed yield by an average of 13% over the 2 yr of the study. Increasing the density of hairy nightshade to 100 plants per meter resulted in bean yield losses of 77%. Hairy nightshade interference during the first 3 weeks after crop emergence was sufficient to reduce bean yields. Up to 9 weeks of hairy nightshade-free maintenance after crop emergence was required to prevent bean yield losses. Hairy nightshade was a prolific seed producer. At low infestation densities, over 45 000 seeds per plant were produced. Hairy nightshade seed production peaked at over 300 000 seeds m–1at about 30 plants per m of row. Depending on the length of the growing season, 6 to 9 weeks of weed-free conditions after crop emergence were required to prevent hairy nightshade from producing viable seeds before the first killing frost in the fall. Results are discussed in terms of timing and longevity of control required to reduce hairy nightshade interference in dry beans.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Wheat to Tillage, Rice Residue and Weed Management under Rice–Wheat Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Bisheshwor Prasad Pandey ◽  
Tanka Prasad Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Residue Retention

Recent decades have seen many changes in agricultural production systems in Nepal, such as increased mechanization for harvesting of major cereal crops, which leaves a large volume of crop residue in the field, increased herbicide application for weed control, and increased adoption of reduced tillage systems. In this study, we compared the effects of tillage, rice residue and weed managements on yield and yield attributes of wheat cultivated under rice-wheat rotation in the Southern Plain (Terai) region of Nepal. The study was conducted during the wheat growing seasons (November through April) of 2013–2014, 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 in Rupandehi district. The experiment was deployed in a split-split plot design with tillage system as main plot [conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT)], residue removal management as a sub-plot [whole residue retained (WR), partial residue retained (PR) and no residue retained (NR)], and weed management as a sub-sub plot [(manual weeding (MW) and chemical weeding (CW)], replicated three times. Analysis of variance was applied to the yield and yield attributes of wheat for fixed and interaction effects. Averaged across the years, the CT system (2.4 t ha–1) had significantly higher yield than ZT (2.2 t ha–1) but the difference was not consistent in all study years. While rice residue retention did not influence grain yield in Year1, WR produced greatest and NR produced lowest yield in Year2 and Year3, indicating potential yield increase in wheat following the whole rice residue retention in the long run. Grain yield did not significantly vary with weed management method, suggesting that manual weed control can be as effective as herbicide in weed management in wheat agroecosystem in the Southern Plains (Terai) region of Nepal.

Plant traits and yield stability of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars under drought stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Acosta-Gallegos ◽  
M. W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to identify traits related to growth and yield response under drought stress in the field which would show less variation than yield itself. Experiments were conducted in 1987, at Durango, Mexico and at Michigan, USA. Twenty-six dry bean genotypes were sown under supplementary irrigation and terminal drought stress. Plant samples were taken at 50% flowering, mid-pod-filling and physiological maturity. At both sites, leaf expansion rate and crop growth rate at mid-pod-filling were greatly reduced by drought stress, resulting in significant reductions in total dry matter (DM) above ground and seed yield at physiological maturity. Because of differences in the timing and intensity of the drought stress, the yield components were affected differently at each location. Total DM content at physiological maturity, harvest index and number of pods/m2 were the only traits positively correlated with yield under stress at both locations. In order to evaluate a group of genotypes for adaptation to drought on the basis of seed yield, the genotypes should be grouped according to their phenological characteristics to stress them evenly.

scholarly journals Injury and Yield of Leafhopper-infested Dry Beans

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale T. Lindgren ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Plot Design

Differences in potato leafhopper (Empoasca fubae Harris) injury symptoms were noted in 22 cultivars or lines of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a 1991 field trial at North Platte, Neb. Seed yield, biomass, and plant injury symptoms were recorded. The same 22 dry bean cultivars or lines were planted in a split-plot design, with main plots protected (sprayed with insecticide) vs. unprotected (not sprayed) and cultivars or lines as subplots in 1992 and 1993. Significant differences were observed between cultivars/lines for leafhopper injury and yield in all 3 years. `Tacaragua' (black-seeded) and pinto `Sierra' were highly resistant to leafhoppers, with no visual leafhopper injury symptoms in all 3 years. Significant negative correlation coefficients between leafhopper injury symptoms and yield were recorded in the protected (4.50) and unprotected (-0.33) plots in 1993 but only in the unprotected (-0.46) plots in 1992. A cultivar x spray interaction response to leafhoppers occurred in 1992 but not in 1993. The degree of leafhopper injury symptoms varied between years.

Influence of weed management on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in gangetic plains of West Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Adhikary ◽  
Partha Sarathi Patra ◽  
Ratikanta Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Hand Weeding

The field experiments were carried out at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India during summer seasons of 2012 and 2013, to study the effect of weed management on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in gangetic plains of West Bengal. Weed biomass, weed control efficiency as well as the pods plant-1, 100-seed weight, seed yield were significantly affected due to weed control treatments. Treatment receiving hand weeding twice recorded lowest weed biomass (3.44 g m-2) and highest WCE (85.09 %). Highest seed yield (1025 kg ha-1) was also recorded with hand weeding, which was significantly higher over other treatments. The results also showed that oxyfluorfen and chlorimuron-ethyl treatment applied at recommend rate were also effective in reducing the dry weight of weeds. Further the tested herbicides did not have significant effect on the crude protein and oil content in seeds.

Organic Weed Management in Field Crops with a Propane Flamer and Rotary Hoe

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Taylor ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Christy L. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Organic Weed Management

The weed management needs of organic producers are unique because they rely primarily on cultural and physical management strategies. Recommendations regarding commonly used tools for weed management could benefit this sector of agriculture. The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the optimum time of day for propane flaming to achieve maximum weed reductions while minimizing corn damage; (2) assess whether flaming, rotary hoeing, or a combination of the two tools best manages early-season weeds without injuring dry beans; and (3) evaluate the use of growing degree days (GDD) to optimize rotary hoe timing. Experiments were carried out between 2006 and 2009 in Hickory Corners and East Lansing, MI. Flaming reduced broadleaf weed densities by at least 82% when done in the morning to midafternoon but only reduced densities by 58% when weeds were flamed in the evening. Common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and velvetleaf were easier to control by flaming than common ragweed and common purslane. Flaming did not reduce grass weed densities. When comparing flaming and rotary hoeing, the two treatments that achieved the highest level of weed control and highest dry bean yields were flaming prior to bean emergence followed by two rotary hoeings and rotary hoeing three times (no flaming). However, the added cost of the flamer may only be justified when wet conditions make rotary hoeing ineffective. Flaming dry beans POST resulted in significant injury and yield reductions of 60%; therefore this practice is not recommended. Timing rotary hoe passes every 300 GDD (base 3.3 C) from the time of soybean or dry bean planting resulted in fewer passes compared with the 7-d or 150 GDD treatments, while maintaining similar levels of weed control and yields similar to the weed-free treatment in 1 of 2 yr for each crop.

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