Physiology of growth and seed production in Lupinus angustifolius L. III. Effects of defoliation and lateral branch excision on dry matter and seed production at different growth temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Downes ◽  
JS Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Cool Conditions

Plants of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop were raised at 27/22 or 21/16�C dayhight temperatures until flowering. They were then either grown on to maturity at these conditions or moved to the other regime. Branches were removed as they started to develop and leaves were removed at the start of flowering so that 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 upper leaves or all 21 leaves were retained. Conditions before flowering determined potential pod number. Defoliation treatments revealed that under favourably cool conditions all leaves contributed to seed yield but in treatments involving 27/22'C there was no seed yield response to more than about six leaves, emphasizing the significance of environmental conditions rather than current assimilate on pod set and other yield components. In another experiment, plants were raised to flowering at 27/22, 21/16 or 15/10�C before flowering, when all were moved to 21/16�C. Half the plants were allowed to develop branches and on the remainder branch buds were removed. Branch and stem growth appeared to provide severe competition for the development of the primary inflorescence. Though branching was much more pronounced in plants at 15/10�C before flowering than in other treatments, vegetative development exceeded reproductive investment and harvest index was low under these conditions. It was suggested that there appears to be a need to develop and evaluate unbranched or less-branched lupin genotypes.

An analysis of the growth of mung beans at a range of plant densities in tropical Australia. II. Seed production

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Critical Rate ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Pod Growth

An analysis of seed production by crops of Vigna radiata cvv. Berken and CES-ID-21 and V. mungo cv. Regur, grown at a range of plant densities, indicated that the proportion of carbon assimilated during pod-filling and partitioned to the seed varied in such a way that seed yield at maturity was relatively unaffected by plant density. Seed yield of Regur was much higher than that of either Berken or CES-ID-21, and this could be attributed primarily to the longer duration of pod-filling in Regur rather than to any differences in potential pod growth rates. The data support the hypothesis that during the period of pod initiation, each viable pod requires a critical rate of supply of assimilate, and suggest that this critical rate of supply is less for V. mungo than for V. uadiata. Whilst pod number, and hence seed yield, was determined by the rate of assimilate supply during the period of pod initiation, not all the dry matter accumulated during pod-filling was partitioned to the pods. Hence seed yield in these mung bean cultivars does not appear to be determined solely by assimilate supply during pod-filling.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

Effect of shallow, rotary cultivation with vertical tines and nitrogen fertilization on the seed productivity of creeping red fescue

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
River Region ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Seed Crops

A field study in the Peace River region of north-western Canada evaluated the effect of shallow rotary cultivation with vertical tines on the seed production of stands of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). At four sites, rotary cultivation treatments (None, Low, Medium and High tine rotor speed) were applied after the harvest of the first and second seed crops, in factorial combination with the time of application of 68 kg ha-1 N fertilizer (Early fall, Late fall, and Split 1:1 early:late fall). In harvest years 2 and 3, the effect of site on seed yield per unit land area was modified by both N and rotary cultivation. In harvest year 2, seed yield at Site 1 was increased greatly by rotary cultivation, regardless of the tine rotor speed, but there was little difference among the four cultivation treatments at the other three sites. In harvest year 3, seed yield was increased with Low, Medium and High rotary cultivation to 6- to 11-fold that without rotary cultivation at Sites 1 and 2 but only to 1.4- to 2-fold at Sites 3 and 4. Seed yield response to rotary cultivation was dependent on site and year, a reflection of the physiological status of the fescue plants at each specific site. Rotary cultivation treatments may have been too detrimental to tiller growth and development for sustaining and enhancing seed yield, particularly at Sites 3 and 4 prior to harvest year 2. There was no consistent pattern of response in seed yield among the four sites to the three N treatments in either harvest year 2 or 3. Although there was a significant (P < 0.001) N × rotary cultivation interaction for seed yield in harvest year 3, the pattern among cultivation treatments was generally similar for each N treatment; compared to no cultivation, the three cultivation treatments more than doubled seed yield to 255–322 kg ha-1 with Early and Split N and increased it 4- to 6-fold to 203–288 kg ha-1 with Late N. There is some potential for rotary cultivation, but the selected treatments were generally too aggressive in suppressing tillers. Key words: Rejuvenation of creeping red fescue, mechanical rejuvenation, rotary cultivation, power-harrowing, grass seed production

Yield response of narrow-leafed lupin plants to variations in pod number

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
C. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Specific Number ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effect of pod number on the seed yield and components of seed yield was examined for narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grown at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 in both the glasshouse and the field. Diflerent numbers of pods per plant in the glasshouse-grown lupin were generated by the application of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to a specific number of flowers to ensure artificially that they set pods, and the subsequent removal of the remaining untreated flowers. Pod number ranged from 6 to 65 pods/plant in the glasshouse and was naturally distributed from 2 to 22 pods/plant in the field. Increases in seed yield per plant occurred as pod number per plant increased from 2 to 30 pods. No further increases in seed yield resulted when pod number per plant increased from 30 to 55 pods. Seed yield per plant was depressed as pod number increased from 55 to 65 pods. Seed size fell as pod number per plant increased over 20 pods and was less affected once the number of seeds per pod was reduced. The reduction in seed number per pod resulted from an increase in the number of seeds that aborted during seed filling. The data suggest that at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 there is potential for improving seed yield per plant by increasing the number of pods that reach maturity, provided it does not exceed 30 pods/plant. However, if consideration is given to producing large seeds, often preferred by buyers, the number of pods per plant should not exceed 20 pods.

scholarly journals Can Superabsorbent Polymers Improve Plants Production in Arid Regions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohsen Jahan ◽  
Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
General Question ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
The Mean

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have shown to be quite effective and useful in acting as a reservoir for water and some nutrients in arid and semiarid regions. There are many studies in Iran that have been performed in relation to SAPs and their useful application in agriculture; however, there is still a lack of its applied definition in arid regions. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of doing a meta-analysis of the results of studies conducted in Iran and answering a general question about whether the application of SAPs has been effective in enhancing the production or not, and if so, how much of SAP is recommended. To conduct this research, articles published during 2006–2016 on the subject of the effects of different rates of SAP application on yield and yield components of crops (including cereals, legumes, and medicinal and grassland plants) were investigated. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the mean consumption rate of SAPs for cereals, legumes, and medicinal and grassland plants was 83, 322, 1031, and 210 kg ha−1, respectively, and that, at these SAP application rates, the mean seed yield in cereals, medicinal plants, and legumes increased by 15.2, 12.6, and 38% (equivalent to 1059, 345, and 452 kg ha−1), respectively, compared with the control. Dry matter response to superabsorbent application was slower compared with the seed yield response. The mean consumption of 83 kg ha−1 of superabsorbent for cereals increased seed yield by 15.2% on average. According to the results, it seems that the application of 100 kg SAP ha−1 is the most appropriate rate for increasing seed and dry matter yields and satisfying economic aspects. These study findings may shed light on the environment and socioeconomic concerns and improve efficacy and reduction of costs.

scholarly journals Influence of Detasseling Methods on Seed Yield of Some Parent Inbred Lines of Turda Maize Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Alexandru Bogdan Ghețe ◽  
Voichița Haș ◽  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Ana Copândean ◽  
Ovidiu Ranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Hybrid Maize

During the process of maize seed production, in order to ensure the genetic purity of parental forms of hybrid maize, an important work performed is the removal of male inflorescences from plants on mother rows. Hand detasseling has high precision but is labor-intensive. Mechanical detasseling offers the possibility to cover large acreages in a short period of time, but the number of leaves removed has a varying influence on plant performance and seed yield. The aim of this study was to simulate three types of damages on plants similar to those induced through mechanical detasseling and to assess the effects for five inbred lines during the course of three years. Results show that when tassels alone were removed, the average seed yield decreased an average of 4–21%. When two leaves were removed with the tassel, yield decreased an average of 22–31%, while when plants were cut above the main ear, seed yield decreased an average of 31–66%. Environmental conditions influenced seed yield, especially high temperatures during flowering. Yield response to tassel and leaves removal varied between the inbred lines. Genotype controls maize ear and kernel characters, while environmental factors exercise a strong influence on seed yield, due to the succession of years with contrasting weather conditions in a key phenophase. Within the trend of full mechanization in agriculture, identification of inbred lines that cope better with plant damage can assist in optimizing seed production.

The effect of copper supply on vegetative and seed yield of pasture legumes and the field calibration of a tissue test for detecting copper deficiency. II. Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Matter Production

Seven rates of copper were applied to the soil prior to the sowing of strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferumL. cv. Palestine) on an alkaline peat deficient in copper. Symptoms of copper deficiency were evident only on the untreated plots where the clover did not set seed nor persist into the second year.Over five years� production, 1.0 kg Cu/ha continued to provide adequate copper, with regular dressings of superphosphate, for maximum dry matter production and seed yield. It was found that seed yield was more sensitive than vegetative dry matter yield to sub-optimal copper supply. At the lowest rate of applied copper (0.125 kg/ha), the vegetative yield ranged from 53% to 80% of the maximum harvest yield, whereas the seed yield ranged from 15% to 50% of maximum yield.For tissue sampled in the spring, the proposed critical range for copper concentration in the youngest open leaf (YOL) for vegetative dry matter production is 3-35 mg Cu/kg whereas that for seed production is 4.5-5.5 mg Cu/kg. At other times of the year the critical concentrations were higher. It was not clear if this was due to environmental conditions or changing internal requirements for copper.The critical copper concentration range in whole top (WT) tissue of 3.0-4.0 mg/kg for vegetative dry matter production could be applied to all samplings. For seed yield the critical range for copper concentration in WT was 4.0-5.0 mg/kg for the spring harvests. The critical copper concentration in seed for seed production was 5.0-6.0 mg/kg. In the pasture situation a critical concentration of 5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg in the WT should be adopted when the animal requirement is considered.

Irrigation and Nitrogen Studies in s. 23 Ryegrass Grown for Seed: 1. Growth, Development, Seed Yield Components and Seed Yield

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and nitrogen on S. 23 perennial ryegrass grown for seed were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1972 to 1974. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield by 16% in 1972 and 52% in 1974 but had no effect in the wet year of 1973. In 1972 maximum deficit reached 110 mm at the end of July and coincided with anthesis. Consequently the yield response was due to an increase in number of seeds per unit area and no other seed yield component was affected. In 1974 peak deficit also reached about 100 mm but started to build up rapidly very early in the season and had reached 80 mm by the time that the first ears emerged. Consequently the yield response was due to increases in number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per unit area and 1000-seed weight.Irrigation had no significant effect on number of florets or seeds, except in 1974 when percentage of florets which produced seed was increased by 2%.Irrigation had some effect on threshed straw yields, total dry matter, harvest index and total number of tillers but where this occurred the response was much smaller than that of seed yield which indicates that irrigation had greater effects on the reproductive development of the crop than on yield of dry matter and tillering patterns. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 0 to 80 kg/ha increased seed yields, all seed yield components except 1000-seed weight, threshed straw yields and total dry matter and number of tillers at most sampling dates. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 80 to 160 kg/ha had little further effect on the above components except in 1972 where seed yields were significantly decreased.In 1972 number of florets was increased and percentage of florets which produced seed decreased with increasing quantities of nitrogen.

Field environment studies on lupins. 2. The effects of time of planting on dry matter partition and yield components of Lupinus angustifolius L

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Perry
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Lateral Branches

Dry matter partition, seed yield, and yield components were examined in two lupin cultivars at eight planting times. Dry matter production and seed yield both declined with later planting primarily as a result of the foreshortened growing season which reduced the production of lateral branches and consequently the number of inflorescences per plant. For a given inflorescence, planting date appeared to have no systematic effect on pod number, although pod numbers on the main stem inflorescence varied with planting date. Mean seed weight declined slightly with later planting. Unicrop, the earlier-flowering cultivar, gave higher seed yields owing to greater development of higher order lateral branches and heavier individual seeds. Flowering began when only 17-25 % of maximum dry matter had accumulated, and subsequent dry matter partition between main stem and successive orders of lateral branches emphasized the characteristic structural development of the lupin. Seed filling occurred in the last 4-6 weeks of growth when vegetative development had nearly ceased, and was almost concurrent in both cultivars, all planting times and all lateral orders irrespective of the time of pod set.

Agronomic studies on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) III.* Responses to defoliation

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
JO Akinola ◽  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Management System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Reproductive Material

Two early-maturing and two late-maturing accessions of Cajanus cajan grown in the field for 161 days were defoliated to 90 cm 'stubbles' every 4,8,12 or 16 weeks over a period of 72 weeks. Evidence from total and seasonal dry matter and nitrogen yields, stand survival, and stubble yield at the termination of the experiment suggested that 8- and 12-week defoliation frequencies could be successfully integrated to incorporate cattle grazing and forage and seed production into a single management system. The late-maturing accessions were shown clearly to be better adapted to cutting, provided that basal green leaves always remained on the stubble. Defoliation of the accession UQ50 to reduce plant height to facilitate subsequent harvesting led to a reduced annual seed yield. The first seed crop was lost, as 'topping' removed the reproductive material.

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