EFFECT OF SOURCE-SINK RATIO ON DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND LEAF SENESENCE OF MAIZE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Source Sink

The effect of source-sink ratio (i.e., the ability of the leaves to produce photosynthate versus the capacity of the grain to accommodate the assimilates) on dry matter accumulation and leaf senescence during the grain filling period of two short-season maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids was investigated in 1979 and 1980. Source-sink ratio of the maize hybrids was altered by ear removal at midsilking and at 3 wk after midsilking; by partial fertilization of the topmost ear so that treatment ears contained approximately 50% of kernel number of the control; and by removal of all leaf blades but that of the ear leaf at 2 wk after midsilking. Crop growth rate during the period from 3–5 wk after midsilking was reduced by 30% for the partly fertilized treatment and by 60% for both ear removal treatments. During the period from 5 to 7 wk after midsilking, the treatment-by-hybrid interaction for crop growth rate reflected different patterns of leaf senescence. In one hybrid, treatments which caused reductions in sink size delayed leaf senescence and increased the crop growth during the 5 to 7-wk postsilking interval, relative to the control. The reverse was evident for the other hybrid. Partial defoliation tended to cause the remaining ear leaf to senescence slightly earlier than in the control. Apparently two types of leaf senescence occurred: senescence due to assimilate starvation, and senescence due to excessive assimilate accumulation. The former caused by excessively low source-sink ratio and the latter caused by excessively high source-sink ratio. These results indicate that a delicate balance exists between sink and source during the grain-filling period of maize, and that disturbance of this balance can cause substantial yield reductions, plus an acceleration of leaf senescence and maturation processes.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

scholarly journals Influence of seed ageing on growth and yield of soybean

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Rani Saha ◽  
Wahida Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Seed Ageing ◽  
Aged Seed

Effect of seed ageing on stand establishment, growth and yield of three soybean varieties was studied. Treatments consisted of three varieties viz. Shohag, Bangladesh soybean 4 and BARIsoybean-5 with four levels of seed ageing viz. 20, 12, 8 and 2 months aged seed. Seed germination and field emergence percentage decreased but electrical conductivity of seed leachate increased with increasing seed age in all the soybean varieties. Irrespective of varieties, plants grown from 20 months aged seed accumulated more dry matter per plant but crop growth rate (CGR) were lower than the other ageing treatments. The highest dry matter accumulation and CGR were found in BARIsoybean-5 and lowest in Bangladesh soybean 4. Irrespective of varieties, crop grown from 2 months aged seed produced significantly the highest seed yield (1981 kg/ha) which was at par with the yield obtained from 8 months aged seed; and the lowest (811 kg/ha) was grown from 20 months aged seed. Among the varieties, significantly the highest seed yield (1615 kg/ha) was obtained from BARIsoybean-5 which was identical with that of Bangladesh soybean 4. Results further revealed that Bangladesh soybean 4 can be grown up to 12 months aged seed without significant reduction in seed yield.   Key words: Seed ageing, Stand establishment, Crop growth rate, Seed yield doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1559 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 21-26, 2008 (June)

Critical period for seed number determination in soybean as determined by crop growth rate, duration, and dry matter accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 108016
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Monzon ◽  
Nicolas Cafaro La Menza ◽  
Anibal Cerrudo ◽  
Matias Canepa ◽  
Juan Ignacio Rattalino Edreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

scholarly journals Effect of Micronutrients on Growth and Flowering of Marigold cv. Siracole

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumita Pradhan ◽  
M. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Number Of Branches

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of FeS04, MnS04 and their combination on growth and flowering of Tagetes erecta cv. Siracole. Highest linear growth (68.88cm) of marigold was recorded in plants treated with 0.25%MnS04+ 0.25%FeS04. Plant spread (63.79cm), number of branches (19.10), leaf area (5.36cm.sq.), fresh and dry matter accumulation (431.69g and 105.59g), crop growth rate (7.98 g/m.sq./days), biomass duration (2783.03 g.days), number of flowers per plant (78.66), yield of flowers (35.99 t/ha) and petal meal per kilogram of fresh flowers (390.3 g/kg) and carotene content (2.26mg/g) were recorded highest in plants treated with 0.5 % FeS04+ 0.25 %MnS04 at all stages of crop growth. Plant chlorophyll and iron content were recorded highest with 0.5%FeS04 while manganese content was significantly increased with the application of [email protected]%.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertigation schedule and irrigation effects on productivity and economics of spring sugarcane

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Singh ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
R. N. Meena ◽  
Vikram Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

The field experiment was conducted to find the appropriate irrigation method, fertilization schedule and its influence on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam, neutral in reaction (pH 7.7), low in organic carbon (0.41%) and available nitrogen (167.0 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (19.1 kg ha-1) and potassium (208.0 kg ha-1). Experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The treatments consisted of three irrigation methods in main plot viz., flood, furrow and drip; five nitrogen scheduling in sub plot viz., farmers practice, 4 splits, 6 splits, 8 splits and 10 splits. In flood method of irrigation all growth and quality parameter were recorded lowest. Thus, it may be concluded that to achieve highest millable cane and quality parameters, drip irrigation is a better option. The number of tillers (177.2 thousand ha-1), number of millable canes (123.3 thousand ha-1), cane length (367.98 cm), cane yield (168.51 t ha-1), commercial cane (CCS) yield (25.05 t ha-1) and economic return were found significantly higher under drip irrigation during first year. Similar trends were recorded during second year of experimentation. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were also recorded under drip irrigation during both the years. Similarly, water use efficiency and water productivity were found maximum under treatment of drip irrigation. Significantly highest number of tillers (165.6 thousand ha-1), millable canes (116.3 thousand ha-1), cane yield (154.72 t ha-1), dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, CCS yield (23.39 t ha-1) and economic return were recorded with 6 splits of nitrogen application. The overall effect of nitrogen scheduling was in the order of 6 splits > 8 splits > 10 splits > 4 splits > farmer’s practice.

A quantitative examination of the growth of swards of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury ◽  
L Adem ◽  
P Baghurst ◽  
ED Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Shoot dry matter yield data for swards of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong established on two occasions at Adelaide in 1975 have been used to examine the influence of sowing rate on the seasonal growth pattern of this species. The patterns of dry matter growth are assessed: (i) by the use of a logistic function; (ii) by a growth stage approach involving an initial phase of approximately exponential growth (stage I) followed by a phase of almost constant growth rate (stage II). Two methods are given for determining the duration of these stages. It was found that stage I1 began at a shoot dry weight of about 300 g m-2, irrespective of sowing rate. End-of-season yield at about 10 t ha-1 was largely independent of sowing time and of sowing density. A maximum crop growth rate of 14.9 g m-2 d-1 was recorded for low density and late sowing. Sowing density had a marked effect on the shape of the growth curves; both the maximum crop growth rate and the average crop growth rate in stage II decreased with increase in sowing rate for each time of sowing.

Effects of Irradiance and Solar Radiation on Dry Matter Growth and Net CO2 Exchange of Trifolium subterraneum L. Swards at a Constant Temperature

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fukai ◽  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Small swards of subterranean clover were grown at 20°C at different times of the year and at the same time under shades of different light transmission. Dry matter production and net CO2 exchange rates at different levels of irradiance were measured during growth. Crop growth rates and net CO2 exchange rates are examined in relation to plant attributes and to the daily solar radiation. Dry matter growth curves varied according to the daily solar radiation. Increase in crop growth rate with increase in daily solar radiation was taken to be linear for swards with similar dry weight and was more rapid for closed canopies than for those not showing full light interception. Once a closed canopy was attained, further increase in total dry matter resulted in decreased crop growth rate due, apparently, to increased loss of dry weight through increased respiration rate. The shape of the CO2 exchange/irradiance curve was linear up to 100 W m-2 (PAR) and curvilinear above that value. The rate of net CO2 exchange at 50 W m-2 (PAR) decreased with increase in shoot dry matter above 100 g m-2 due, apparently, to an increased rate of dark CO2 efflux: the rate was not affected by daily solar radiation during growth. The net CO2 exchange rate at 250 W m-2 (PAR) increased with increase in LAI up to 3 after which it became almost constant, varying only with the variation in daily solar radiation during growth. The rate of dark CO2 efflux was strongly affected by the amount of dry matter present and to a smaller extent by the crop growth rate or the daily solar radiation.

scholarly journals Effect Of Planting Geometry On Growth Of Rice Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Mahato ◽  
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Planting Geometry

A field experiment was conducted under humid subtropical agro-climatic condition of Nepal during rainy season of 2014. The experiment was laid out in to two factor Randomized Complete Block Design with  three replications consisting three drought tolerant rice varieties (Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Radha-4) and four planting geometry (15 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm). The results revealed that the highest plant height and maximum leaf area index was recorded in planting geometry 15 cm × 10 cm in all growth stages. Whereas, planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum number of tiller m-2 in all growth stage.  While planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm produced statistically similar crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation in all stage of growth. Regarding the varieties, Sukhadhan- 4 showed highest plant height up to 75 DAT and plant height was statistically similar to Radha - 4 in 60 and 75 DAT. But maximum number of tiller m-2, leaf area index, crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation were recorded in Sukhadhan – 5 varieties. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 423-429

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning and its relationship to grain yield in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Flood ◽  
PJ Martin ◽  
WK Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Stem Reserves ◽  
North Western

Total crop dry matter (DM) production and its components, remobilisation of stem reserves, and the relation of these to grain yield were studied in 10 wheat cultivars sown at Walpeup, Boort, and Horsham in the north-western Victorian wheatbelt. Between sites, all DM components decreased in the order Horsham > Boort > Walpeup. Differences between Boort and Walpeup were not always significant. Total DM at anthesis for Walpeu,p and Boort was in a similar range, and less than that for Horsham. Yields increased in the order Walpeup < Boort < Horsham. When data from the 3 sites were combined, leaf, stem (excluding cv. Argentine IX), and total DM were related to grain yield. Within sites, ear DM at anthesis was related to grain yield. Grain yield for all cultivars at Horsham and Walpeup and 5 cultivars at Boort was greater than the increases in crop DM from anthesis to maturity, indicating that pre-anthesis stored assimilates (stem reserves) were used for grain filling. Post-anthesis decrease in stem weight was inversely related to grain yield only at Horsham, which supports the view of utilisation of stem reserves for grain filling at this site. At Boort and Walpeup there was a similar negative trend, but values for 2 cultivars at each site were outliers, which weakened the trend. The wide adaptability of the Australian cultivars used in this study may be related to the differential remobilisation of stem reserves at each site. A measure of yield stability, however, was not related to stem weight loss during the grain-filling period.

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