CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVITIES TO WEATHER FLECK

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Surface Waxes

Experiments were conducted in 1976, 1977 and 1978 to examine the chemical composition of four flue-cured tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with a range of weather fleck tolerances. Weather fleck is associated with the air pollution injury to plants. The amount of surface wax was positively related to the weather fleck tolerance. Individual phenolic constituents, nonvolatile organic acids and fatty acids were not related to weather fleck tolerance in the tobacco cultivars used in the study.Key words: Weather fleck, flue-cured tobacco, surface waxes, phenolic constituents, organic and fatty acids

The chemical composition of somatic hybrids between Nicotiana tabacum and N. debneyi

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Court ◽  
Robert Pocs ◽  
John G. Hendel ◽  
J. E. Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Nicotiana Debneyi ◽  
The Individual

The chemical composition of somatic hybrids resulting from six separate fusion events involving Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana debneyi was examined in relation to that of the parental species. Nonvolatile organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic constituents, plastid pigments, tobacco alkaloids, solanesol, and individual cembranes and paraffins of the surface waxes were determined in green tissue from field grown plants. The chemical composition of the individual somatic hybrids was often intermediate between the two species; however, there were instances where the concentration of individual constituents was similar to one of the species, or where concentrations were in excess of either parental species. Given the importance of leaf quality to the value of a tobacco crop, careful attention to chemical constituents during backcrossing and introgression is advocated.Key words: Somatic hybrids, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana debneyi, tobacco chemistry

INFLUENCE OF APPLIED NITROGEN ON THE NONVOLATILE ORGANIC, FATTY, AND AMINO ACIDS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
J. M. ELLIOT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

A field experiment was conducted in 1974 and 1975 on Fox loamy sand in Ontario to study the effects of different rates (0, 22.4, 44.8, and 67.2 kg/ha) of N fertilization on the nonvolatile organic acids, fatty acids, and protein amino acids of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ’Delhi 34’). Nitrogen fertilization increased the concentration of the nonvolatile organic acids and amino acids, except oxalic acid and methionine. Increasing the rate of N fertilization decreased individual fatty acids except myristic and linolenic acids. The nonvolatile organic acids decreased with ascending stalk position but the reverse was true for the amino acids. Fatty acids did not change significantly with stalk position.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis Bracts Cultivated in Central Greece: The Impact of Harvesting Time

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Filipa Mandim ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Kyriakos D. Giannoulis ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Impact

The present study evaluated the effect of maturity stage on the chemical composition of cardoon bracts. Plant material was collected in Greece at eight different maturation stages (C1–C8) and the chemical composition was analyzed in regard to lipidic fraction and the content in fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, and free sugars. Samples of late maturity (C6–C8) revealed the lowest lipidic content, while a total of 29 fatty acids was identified in all the samples, with palmitic, stearic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic acids present in the highest levels depending on harvesting time. Immature (C1) and mature (C8) bracts were more abundant in saturated fatty acids (SFA) than bracts of medium-to-late maturity (C5, C6), where the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the prevalent class. The α- and γ-tocopherols were the only identified isoforms of vitamin E, while the highest content was observed in sample C8 (199 µg/100 g dry weight (dw). The detected organic acids were oxalic, quinic, malic, citric, and fumaric acids, while fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and raffinose were the main detected sugars. The results of the present study allowed us to reveal the effect of maturity stage on cardoon bracts chemical composition and further valorize this byproduct by improving its bioactive compounds content.

scholarly journals Effect of Saline Conditions on Chemical Profile and the Bioactive Properties of Three Red-Colored Basil Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1824
Author(s):  
Luís R. O. Cruz ◽  
Nikolaos Polyzos ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Francesco Di Gioia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Salinity Control ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The present study investigated the effect of salinity (Control: 1.8 dS/m, S1: 3.0 dS/m and S2: 4.5 dS/m) on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of three basil cultivars (Red Basil, Dark Opal Red and Basilico Rosso). Crop performance was not affected by increasing salinity in DoR and BaR. Fat, ash and carbohydrates content increased by salinity in DoR, whereas energetic value was negatively affected. Free sugars (total and individual compounds) increased under saline conditions (S2) in BaR, whereas reducing trends were observed for the main organic acids and tocopherols in all the cultivars. The major fatty acids were α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acids with no consistent salinity effects, while the richest polyphenols were sagerinic acid and eriodictyol-O-malonylhexoside. Finally, basil extracts showed moderate antioxidant and strong antifungal activity. In conclusion, salinity showed a genotype dependent effect on the chemical profile and bioactivities of the tested cultivars.

Chemical composition of tobacco seeds (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Frega ◽  
F. Bocci ◽  
L. S. Conte ◽  
F. Testa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Tobacco Seeds

Biodiesel production from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids

Fuel ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 2671-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
V VELJKOVIC ◽  
S LAKICEVIC ◽  
O STAMENKOVIC ◽  
Z TODOROVIC ◽  
M LAZIC
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L

scholarly journals The Fate of Fatty Compounds and Surfactants Used as Sucker Control Agents on Field Tobacco

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Tso ◽  
H. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Methyl Laurate ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Ester Fraction ◽  
Alcohol Fraction ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Residual Material

AbstractThe fate of fatty compounds and surfactants used for tobacco sucker inhibition was studied with 14C-labelled materials applied to field-grown Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Maryland Catterton plants. Residual materials recovered from test tobacco showed the following: [ 1 ] When lauric acid was used, the residual material was maintained essentially in the acid fraction. [2] When lauryI alcohol was used, a considerable part (9.7-24.8 %) was converted to the acid fraction, indicating possible oxidation of alcohol in the field; smaller amounts (7.4 to 14.8 %) were found in the ester fraction. [3] When methyl laurate was used, most (54-77 %) of the residue was recovered in the acid fraction, a small part (12.6 to 22.7 %) was found in the alcohol fraction, and the rest (10.3-23.3 %) remained in the ester fraction. [4] When Tween surfactants were used, nearly all the residual materials had been hydrolyzed to free polyol and fatty acids

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cynara Cardunculus L. var. altilis Heads: The Impact of Harvesting Time

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Mandim ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
The Impact

Cardoon is a multi-purpose crop with several industrial applications, while the heads (capitula) are edible and commonly used in various dishes of the Mediterranean diet. Several reports in the literature study the chemical composition of the various plants parts (leaves, flower stalks, bracts, seeds) aiming to industrial applications of crop bio-waste, whereas for the heads, most of the studies are limited to the chemical composition and bioactive properties at the edible stage. In the present study, cardoon heads were collected at six different maturation stages and their chemical composition was evaluated in order to determine the effect of harvesting stage and examine the potential of alternative uses in the food and nutraceutical industries. Lipidic fraction and the content in fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, and free sugars were determined. Lipidic content decreases with the maturation process, while 22 fatty acids were detected in total, with palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids being those with the highest abundance depending on harvesting time. In particular, immature heads have a higher abundance in saturated fatty acids (SFA), whereas the samples of mature heads were the richest in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The α-tocopherol was the only isoform detected being present in higher amounts in sample Car B (619 µg/100 g dw). Oxalic, quinic, malic, citric and fumaric acids were the detected organic acids, and the higher content was observed in sample Car E (15.7 g/100 g dw). The detected sugars were fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose, while the highest content (7.4 g/100 g dw) was recorded in sample Car C. In conclusion, the maturation stage of cardoon heads influences their chemical composition and harvesting time could be a useful means to increase the quality and the added value of the final product by introducing this material in the food and nutraceutical industries.

Short-range attraction and oviposition stimulant of a biocontrol agent, Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) toward weed leaf surface waxes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anamika Koner ◽  
Swati Das ◽  
Syed Husne Mobarak ◽  
Anandamay Barik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Oviposition Stimulant ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Docosanoic Acid ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Host Plant Specificity

Abstract Two Polygonaceae weeds, Rumex dentatus L. and Polygonum glabrum Willd. are abundant in wheat- and rice-fields, respectively, in India. Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a biocontrol agent of these two weeds. The importance of long-chain alkanes and free fatty acids present in leaf surface waxes of these weeds was assessed as short-range attractant and ovipositional stimulant in G. placida females. Extraction, TLC, GC-MS and GC-FID analyses demonstrated 19 n-alkanes from n-C14 to n-C35 and 14 free fatty acids from C12:0 to C22:0 in leaf surface waxes. Hentriacontane was predominant among alkanes in both weeds, while oleic acid and docosanoic acid were predominant among free fatty acids in R. dentatus and P. glabrum, respectively. Females of G. placida were attracted toward one leaf equivalent surface wax of both weeds against the control solvent (petroleum ether) in a short Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. But, the insect could not differentiate between one leaf equivalent surface wax of R. dentatus and P. glabrum, indicating that both weed leaves were equally attractive in females. A synthetic blend of either 2.44, 35.57 and 23.58 μg ml−1 of octadecane, heptacosane and nonacosane, respectively, resembling the amounts present in one leaf equivalent surface wax of R. dentatus or 4.08, 19.54 and 23.58 μg ml−1 of octadecane, palmitoleic acid and docosanoic acid, respectively, resembling the amounts present in one leaf equivalent surface wax of P. glabrum acted as short-range attractant and ovipositional stimulant in G. placida. These results could be a basis for host plant specificity of the biocontrol agent.

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