The chemical composition of somatic hybrids between Nicotiana tabacum and N. debneyi

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Court ◽  
Robert Pocs ◽  
John G. Hendel ◽  
J. E. Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Nicotiana Debneyi ◽  
The Individual

The chemical composition of somatic hybrids resulting from six separate fusion events involving Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana debneyi was examined in relation to that of the parental species. Nonvolatile organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic constituents, plastid pigments, tobacco alkaloids, solanesol, and individual cembranes and paraffins of the surface waxes were determined in green tissue from field grown plants. The chemical composition of the individual somatic hybrids was often intermediate between the two species; however, there were instances where the concentration of individual constituents was similar to one of the species, or where concentrations were in excess of either parental species. Given the importance of leaf quality to the value of a tobacco crop, careful attention to chemical constituents during backcrossing and introgression is advocated.Key words: Somatic hybrids, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana debneyi, tobacco chemistry

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVITIES TO WEATHER FLECK

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Surface Waxes

Experiments were conducted in 1976, 1977 and 1978 to examine the chemical composition of four flue-cured tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with a range of weather fleck tolerances. Weather fleck is associated with the air pollution injury to plants. The amount of surface wax was positively related to the weather fleck tolerance. Individual phenolic constituents, nonvolatile organic acids and fatty acids were not related to weather fleck tolerance in the tobacco cultivars used in the study.Key words: Weather fleck, flue-cured tobacco, surface waxes, phenolic constituents, organic and fatty acids

AC Cheng flue-cured tobacco

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brandle ◽  
J. C. D. Ankersmit ◽  
W. D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Nicotiana Rustica ◽  
Breeding Lines

AC Cheng is a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivar bred at the Pest Management Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It is a cultivar with high leaf quality and resulted from crosses between flue-cured cultivars and breeding lines, and Nicotiana rustica (+) Nicotiana tabacum somatic hybrids (somatic 9/77CD15//2*Delgold) (Douglas et al. 1981). AC Cheng is adapted to the tobacco growing areas of Ontario. Key words: Nicotiana tabacum, somatic hybrid

Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Brostow ◽  
◽  
Haley E. Hagg Lobland ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Common Thread

The property of brittleness for polymers and polymer-based materials (PBMs) is an important factor in determining the potential uses of a material. Brittleness of polymers may also impact the ease and modes of polymer processing, thereby affecting economy of production. Brittleness of PBMs can be correlated with certain other properties and features of polymers; to name a few, connections to free volume, impact strength, and scratch recovery have been explored. A common thread among all such properties is their relationship to chemical composition and morphology. Through a survey of existing literature on polymer brittleness specifically combined with relevant reports that connect additional materials and properties to that of brittleness, it is possible to identify chemical features of PBMs that are connected with observable brittle behavior. Relations so identified between chemical composition and structure of PBMs and brittleness are described herein, advancing knowledge and improving the capacity to design new and to choose among existing polymers in order to obtain materials with particular property profiles.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Pterocephalus hookeri

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098123
Author(s):  
Peng-fei Yang ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Qiong-bo Wang ◽  
Zhi-wei Zhao ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Detailed chemical constituents of essential oil from the Pterocephalus hookeri leaves and its antimicrobial activities were investigated in this study. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Among the 90 identified compounds, hexadecanoic acid (21.27%), phytol (8.03%), furfural (7.08%), oleic acid (5.25%), and phytone (4.56%) were the major components. In the antimicrobial assay, the essential oil showed strong inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocephalus hookeri.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Tobacco Leaf Quality: an Investigation of the Literature

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mendell ◽  
E. C. Bourlas ◽  
M. Z. DeBardeleben
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper comprises a review of the published literature (1936-1979) dealing with the relationship between the chemical constituents of tobacco and smoke and tobacco and smoke quality. Various components thought to be influential in determining quality are identified; conclusions of researchers regarding the effects of these components are recorded and discussed. A summary table is presented which details the nature of the relationship between these constituents and tobacco quality.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽  
João Gabriel Missia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Holocellulose Content

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity and composition of Alaskan Arctic CCN during April 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 21789-21834
Author(s):  
R. H. Moore ◽  
R. Bahreini ◽  
C. A. Brock ◽  
K. D. Froyd ◽  
J. Cozic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Alaskan Arctic ◽  
Air Mass Types ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. We present a comprehensive characterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sampled in the Alaskan Arctic during the 2008 Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project, a component of the POLARCAT and International Polar Year (IPY) initiatives. Four distinct air mass types were sampled including relatively pristine Arctic background conditions as well as biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution plumes. Despite differences in chemical composition, inferred aerosol hygroscopicities were fairly invariant and ranged from κ = 0.1–0.3 over the atmospherically-relevant range of water vapor supersaturations studied. Analysis of the individual mass spectral m/z 43 and 44 peaks from an aerosol mass spectrometer show the organic aerosols sampled to be well-oxygenated, consistent with with long-range transport and aerosol aging processes. However, inferred hygroscopicities are less than would be predicted based on previous parameterizations of biogenic oxygenated organic aerosol, suggesting an upper limit on organic aerosol hygroscopicity above which κ is less sensitive to the O:C ratio. Most Arctic aerosol act as CCN above 0.1 % supersaturation, although the data suggest the presence of an externally-mixed, non-CCN-active mode comprising approximately 0–20 % of the aerosol number. CCN closure was assessed using measured size distributions, bulk chemical composition measurements, and assumed aerosol mixing states; CCN predictions tended toward overprediction, with the best agreement (± 0–20 %) obtained by assuming the aerosol to be externally-mixed with soluble organics. Closure also varied with CCN concentration, and the best agreement was found for CCN concentrations above 100 cm−3 with a 1.5- to 3-fold overprediction at lower concentrations.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of whole grains flour chemical composition of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and chia (Salvia hispanica)

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
S. Tretiakova ◽  
V. Voitovska ◽  
Y. Yevchuk ◽  
L. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Sorghum Flour

The article highlights a complex of studies and a comparative assessment of flour of various varieties and hybrids of chia and sorghum. It was found that, in terms of their chemical composition, these crops are advisable to use as raw materials for the production of gluten free products. To live a full life, people with celiac disease must constantly consume gluten-free foods. Rice, buckwheat, millet, corn are considered safe, and amaranth, quinoa, sago, Setaria italica, sorghum are also less common in Ukraine. To obtain high-quality gluten-free products, it is important to choose the right raw materials and their ratio in chemical composition. Therefore, it is advisable to study and compare the chemical composition of sorghum and chia flour. The aim of the research was to study and compare the chemical composition of whole grain sorghum flour versus chia for use in the food industry as a source of gluten-free nutrition. The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2017–2019 in the hybrids of grain sorghum of Ukrainian (Lan 59), French (Targga) and American (Prime) selection and Spanish sage (chia) (Salvia hispanica) varieties: Salba, Tzotzol, Iztac. Whole grain sorghum and chia flours were obtained from their grains and various chemical constituents were determined. Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of sorghum and chia flour allows us to note that, on average, the protein content in sorghum was in the range from 9.53 to 10.6 g, in chia varieties from 14.98 to 16.52 g, which is on average five, 8 g more. The data on the determination of fats show that in the hybrid of sorghum of Ukrainian selection, this indicator was 2.8 g, French 1.24 g, and American – 3.3 g, as for chia, this indicator is much higher and varies by varieties from 30, 12 to 30.71 g. Starch is the main component of flour and in sorghum; its mass fraction is more in the Prime hybrid 63.7 g, Lan 59 – 63.1 g and the smallest amount in Targga – 62.7 g. It has been determined that grain sorghum and chia flour has a high content of B vitamins, which act as coenzymes of a number of metabolic processes. In addition to the vitamins listed above, sorghum flour contains vitamins B9, B5, B6 as well. Chia varieties have high levels of micro- and microelements. Key words: flour, vitamins, microelements, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, celiac disease, sorghum, chia.

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