THE EFFECT OF SEED MATURITY, STORAGE ON THE SOIL SURFACE, AND BURIAL ON SEEDS OF Thlaspi arvense L.

The development and germination of immature stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) seeds were investigated under greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse test, there was nearly 100% germination of seeds with a maturity of 15–16 days after anthesis. Seeds from clipped plants buried at 8 cm for 2–5 wk were lighter in weight than either seeds from plants clipped and stored on the soil surface or seeds collected immediately after clipping. Storage conditions influenced both seed coat color and dormancy. Mature seeds from plants stored on the ground turned dark reddish brown, while those from plants stored under the soil turned black. Storage under either set of conditions decreased the dormancy of stinkweed seeds compared to the controls. The more mature seeds from the field-grown populations were more dormant than those from plants grown in the greenhouse, and had slower germination rates. Immature green seeds only 6 days past anthesis were capable of germinating and producing seedlings. It is suggested that for control of stinkweed plants, cultivation should be carried out within 6 days following anthesis of the first stinkweed flowers.Key words: Immature seeds, stinkweed, dormancy

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Germination of Developing Prickly Sida Seeds

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450006584x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

G. H. Egley

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Mother Plant ◽

Dry Storage ◽

Water Imbibition ◽

Immature Seeds ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida ◽

Mature Seeds ◽

Days After Anthesis

Freshly-produced, mature prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) seeds (18 to 21 days after anthesis, < 20% water content) were dormant and neither imbibed water nor germinated when incubated for up to 4 weeks under several light and temperature conditions. Over 80% of the freshly-produced, immature seeds (12 to 16 days after anthesis, > 20% water content) germinated when removed from the mother-plant before dehydration and incubated in alternating 20 to 30 C for 4 weeks. The onset of dormancy coincided with the later stages of seed dehydration and coat-hardening. Over 90% of the mature seeds imbibed water and germinated when incubated at 35 C after 4 months dry storage at 25 C. A puncture through the seed coat, either over the radicle or cotyledons, permitted water imbibition by all mature seeds, but the puncture over the radicle was significantly more effective in inducing germination. Seed coat impermeability was important, but was not the only factor responsible for prickly sida dormancy.

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Further Studies on the Effect of Seed Coat Color on Agronomic and Chemical Characters and Seed Injury in Flax 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1960.00021962005200040010x ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 210-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. O. Culbertson ◽

V. E. Comstock ◽

R. A. Frederiksen

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Coat Color ◽

Seed Coat Color ◽

Chemical Characters

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Genetic Mapping and Identification of the Candidate Gene for White Seed Coat in Cucurbita maxima

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22062972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 2972

Author(s):

Yuzi Shi ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Qin Shu ◽

Wei Ma ◽

Tingzhen Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Coat Color ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Cucurbita Maxima ◽

Seed Coat Color ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Edible Seed ◽

Segregating Population

Seed coat color is an important agronomic trait of edible seed pumpkin in Cucurbita maxima. In this study, the development pattern of seed coat was detected in yellow and white seed coat accessions Wuminglv and Agol. Genetic analysis suggested that a single recessive gene white seed coat (wsc) is involved in seed coat color regulation in Cucurbita maxima. An F2 segregating population including 2798 plants was used for fine mapping and a candidate region containing nine genes was identified. Analysis of 54 inbred accessions revealed four main Insertion/Deletion sites in the promoter of CmaCh15G005270 encoding an MYB transcription factor were co-segregated with the phenotype of seed coat color. RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that some genes involved in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid metabolism pathway displayed remarkable distinction in Wuminglv and Agol during the seed coat development. The flanking InDel marker S1548 was developed to predict the seed coat color in the MAS breeding with an accuracy of 100%. The results may provide valuable information for further studies in seed coat color formation and structure development in Cucurbitaceae crops and help the molecular breeding of Cucurbita maxima.

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Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

Botanical Studies ◽

10.1186/s40529-021-00311-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽

Kai-Yi Chen ◽

Yung-I. Lee

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Development ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Outermost Layer ◽

Seed Collection ◽

Seed Pretreatment ◽

Immature Seeds ◽

Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

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Explore the genetics of weedy traits using rice 3K database

Botanical Studies ◽

10.1186/s40529-020-00309-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Lan Lin ◽

Dong-Hong Wu ◽

Cheng-Chieh Wu ◽

Yung-Fen Huang

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Coat Color ◽

Rice Genome ◽

Genome Project ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Seed Coat Color ◽

Allele Mining ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

Public Data

Abstract Background Weedy rice, a conspecific weedy counterpart of the cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), has been problematic in rice-production area worldwide. Although we started to know about the origin of some weedy traits for some rice-growing regions, an overall assessment of weedy trait-related loci was not yet available. On the other hand, the advances in sequencing technologies, together with community efforts, have made publicly available a large amount of genomic data. Given the availability of public data and the need of “weedy” allele mining for a better management of weedy rice, the objective of the present study was to explore the genetic architecture of weedy traits based on publicly available data, mainly from the 3000 Rice Genome Project (3K-RGP). Results Based on the results of population structure analysis, we have selected 1378 individuals from four sub-populations (aus, indica, temperate japonica, tropical japonica) without admixed genomic composition for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). Five traits were investigated: awn color, seed shattering, seed threshability, seed coat color, and seedling height. GWAS was conducted for each sub-population × trait combination and we have identified 66 population-specific trait-associated SNPs. Eleven significant SNPs fell into an annotated gene and four other SNPs were close to a putative candidate gene (± 25 kb). SNPs located in or close to Rc were particularly predictive of the occurrence of seed coat color and our results showed that different sub-populations required different SNPs for a better seed coat color prediction. We compared the data of 3K-RGP to a publicly available weedy rice dataset. The profile of allele frequency, phenotype-genotype segregation of target SNP, as well as GWAS results for the presence and absence of awns diverged between the two sets of data. Conclusions The genotype of trait-associated SNPs identified in this study, especially those located in or close to Rc, can be developed to diagnostic SNPs to trace the origin of weedy trait occurred in the field. The difference of results from the two publicly available datasets used in this study emphasized the importance of laboratory experiments to confirm the allele mining results based on publicly available data.

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Location of Genes for Seed Coat Color in Hexaploid Wheat, Triticum aestivum L. 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1970.0011183x001000050012x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 495-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

R. J. Metzger ◽

B. A. Silbaugh

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Hexaploid Wheat ◽

Coat Color ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Seed Coat Color

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Harvest Loss and Seed Bank Longevity of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) Implications for Seed-Mediated Gene Flow

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-10-00047.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jody E. Dexter ◽

Amit J. Jhala ◽

Rong-Cai Yang ◽

Melissa J. Hills ◽

Randall J. Weselake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Coat Color ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Seed Coat Color ◽

Flax Seed ◽

Seed Loss ◽

Artificial Seed ◽

Seed Mediated

Flax is a minor oilseed crop in Canada largely exported to the European Union for use as a source of industrial oil and feed ingredient. While flax could be genetically engineered (GE) to enhance nutritional value, the adoption of transgenic technologies threatens conventional flax market acceptability. Harvest seed loss of GE crops and the persistence of GE crop volunteers in the seed bank are major factors influencing transgene persistence. Ten commercial fields in Alberta, Canada, were sampled after harvesting conventional flax in 2006 and 2007, and flax seed density and viability were determined. Additionally, artificial seed banks were established at two locations in Alberta in 2005 and 2006 to quantify persistence of five conventional flax cultivars with variability in seed coat color (yellow or brown) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3cisΔ9,13,15) content (3 to 55%) at three soil depths (0, 3, or 10 cm). Harvest methods influenced seed loss and distribution, > 10-fold more seed was distributed beneath windrows than between them. Direct harvested fields had more uniform seed distribution but generally higher seed losses. The maximum yield loss was 44 kg ha−1or 2.3% of the estimated crop yield. Seed loss and the viability of flax seed were significantly influenced by year, presumably because weather conditions prior to harvest influenced the timing and type of harvest operations. In artificial seed bank studies, seed coat color or ALA content did not influence persistence. Flax seed viability rapidly declined in the year following burial with < 1% remaining midsummer in the year following burial but there were significant differences between years. In three of four locations, there was a trend of longer seed persistence at the deepest burial depth (10 cm). The current study predicts that seed-mediated gene flow may be a significant factor in transgene persistence and a source of adventitious presence.

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