DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GROWTH AND INJURY EFFECTS OF OZONE AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON BRASSICACEAE SEEDLINGS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. MARIE ◽  
D. P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Response Variables

Dose response relationships for growth and injury of various Brassicaceae exposed to ozone (O3) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were developed using a central composite factorial design, analysis of covariance and regression analysis. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata ’Market Prize’) response variables were insensitive to SO2 and sensitive to O3. All rutabaga (Brassica napus L. ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk ’Laurentian’) response variables except specific leaf area and specific water content were sensitive to both SO2 and O3. All cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis ’Snow Crown’) response variables except shoot fresh weight and specific leaf area were sensitive to SO2; all were sensitive to O3. There was no significant interaction between SO2 and O3 in any of the crops, suggesting that the gases acted independently. All the equations describing the responses of cabbage had negative linear relationships to O3 concentration. The response equations for rutabaga differed among variables. Leaf specific water content had a negative linear response to O3. Specific leaf area was not affected and the other growth variables had negative linear relationships to SO2 and negative linear and positive quadratic relationships to O3. Cauliflower response equations varied among response variables, containing negative or positive linear SO2 terms, and negative linear and negative or positive quadratic O3 terms. In all three crops, visible injury was primarily a function of O3 concentration. The R2 values of the equations were lower for cabbage than for rutabaga and cauliflower, suggesting a greater population heterogeneity in cabbage than in the other two crops.Key words: Cabbage, rutabaga, cauliflower, air pollution, central composite design, polynomial quadratic equations

Central composite design-based analysis of specific leaf area and related agronomic factors in cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiefang Liu ◽  
Chunlei Zhang ◽  
Guangsheng Yang ◽  
Jiangsheng Wu ◽  
Guosheng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Central Composite

Seed-source variation in water relations, gas exchange, and needle morphology of mature ponderosa pine trees

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert M. Cregg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Needle Morphology

Xylem pressure potential (ψx), net photosynthesis (A), needle conductance (gn), and transpiration (E) were measured periodically throughout the 1991 growing season on 16 ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) trees growing in a 23-year-old provenance planting in eastern Nebraska. The trees studied were from four diverse sources: western Montana, northwest South Dakota, southern New Mexico, and central Arizona. In addition to water relations and gas exchange, specific leaf area, stomatal density, and surface to volume ratios were determined on 1-year-old foliage of each tree. Compared with the other seed sources, gas exchange of the South Dakota source was lowest early in the summer, when ψx was generally high, and highest in the late summer, when ψx declined. However, the relation of gn to ψx did not appear to differ among the seed sources. The South Dakota source had lower stomatal density and needle length than the other sources tested. No differences in specific leaf area or surface to volume ratio were observed. Overall, variation in physiology and needle morphology among seed sources of mature ponderosa pine appears to be more subtle than intraspecific variation of seedlings of other species reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Climatic controls on leaf litter decomposition across European forests and grasslands revealed by reciprocal litter transplantation experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1621-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Portillo-Estrada ◽  
Mari Pihlatie ◽  
Janne F. J. Korhonen ◽  
Janne Levula ◽  
Arnoud K. F. Frumau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Transplantation Experiments

Abstract. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling under future climate change is associated with large uncertainties in litter decomposition and the turnover of soil C and N. In addition, future conditions (especially altered precipitation regimes and warming) are expected to result in changes in vegetation composition, and accordingly in litter species and chemical composition, but it is unclear how such changes could potentially alter litter decomposition. Litter transplantation experiments were carried out across six European sites (four forests and two grasslands) spanning a large geographical and climatic gradient (5.6–11.4 °C in annual temperature 511–878 mm in precipitation) to gain insight into the climatic controls on litter decomposition as well as the effect of litter origin and species. The decomposition k rates were overall higher in warmer and wetter sites than in colder and drier sites, and positively correlated with the litter total specific leaf area. Also, litter N content increased as less litter mass remained and decay went further. Surprisingly, this study demonstrates that climatic controls on litter decomposition are quantitatively more important than species or site of origin. Cumulative climatic variables, precipitation, soil water content and air temperature (ignoring days with air temperatures below zero degrees Celsius), were appropriate to predict the litter remaining mass during decomposition (Mr). Mr and cumulative air temperature were found to be the best predictors for litter carbon and nitrogen remaining during the decomposition. Using mean annual air temperature, precipitation, soil water content and litter total specific leaf area as parameters we were able to predict the annual decomposition rate (k) accurately.

scholarly journals Incidence of Galls on Sympatric California Oaks: Ecological and Physiological Perspectives

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ramón Perea ◽  
Rodolfo Dirzo ◽  
Stephanie Bieler ◽  
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Quercus Agrifolia ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Jasper Ridge

Galls are abnormal outgrowths on the external tissues of plants caused by a restricted group of organisms. In this study, we surveyed the incidence and diversity of galling structures in sympatric oak species of a biological preserve (Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, NC, USA). We also measured different physiological parameters (SLA-specific leaf area, chlorophyll, nitrogen, flavonol, anthocyanin, and water content) in galled and ungalled leaves on the same individuals of the most abundant oak species (Quercus agrifolia, Q. lobata, and Q. douglasii). Overall, Q. lobata showed the highest gall incidence, with 64.5% of the sampled leaves affected by galls, followed by Q. douglasii, Q. agrifolia, Q. durata, and Q. kelloggii. The proportion of stems with galls was considerably lower than for leaves in all oak species, ranging from 0% incidence in Q. kelloggii to 27.4% in Q. lobata. The highly schlerophyllous Q. agrifolia supported the most diverse galling community at Jasper Ridge, with ten species, mostly belonging to the Cynipidae family. Our results show that leaf galling had no significant impact on the studied ecophysiological variables. The lack of differences between galled and ungalled leaves under controlled conditions (same tree and position in the tree) suggests that the ecophysiological variables measured are not significantly affected by galling agents or that our data collected for fully-developed galls (end of summer) are not sensitive enough to detect differences. However, there were some trends in plant responses to galling. Changes in galled vs. ungalled leaves were greater in flavonols, followed by chlorophyll, nitrogen, anthocyanin, SLA, and water content, indicating a nutrient deficiency in the plant nutrients. Our findings underscore the complexity of the gall-plant interaction and suggest some promising lines of future research.

scholarly journals Modulations in Functional Traits Improve Phragmites australis Adaptation under Different Soil Water Contents in Marshes of Arid Middle-Lower Reaches of Shule River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Phosphorous Content ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Variations in plant functional traits might reveal the adaptation strategies of vegetation under changing environment. However, few studies have focused on the variation of dominant plant functional traits in changing soil water content in marsh wetland of the arid regions. In this study, functional traits were investigated in the dominant species Phragmites australis growing at distinct soil water contents in marshes of the arid middle-lower reaches of the Shule River Basin in Northwest China. Three soil water gradients (33.38 ± 1.40, 15.97 ± 1.99 and 10.22 ± 1.61%) were identified from three marsh sites. Results showed that leaf thickness, specific leaf area, maximum height and leaf phosphorous content in P. australis were significantly varied from the high soil water to low soil water in arid marshes. Soil water content driven variations in functional traits of P. australis, mainly by its effect on soil salinity and available nitrogen, affected the functional traits of P. australis. In conclusion, in marshes of arid regions, P. australis adapted well to resource-poor habitats through the coordinated combination of multiple functional traits i.e., low specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content and leaf phosphorous content, high leaf dry matter content and leaf thickness, which reflected that P. australis had conservative strategy. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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