INFLUENCE DU NIVEAU D’IRRADIANCE D’APPOINT (HPS) EN PEPINIERE SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LA PRODUCTIVITE D’UNE CULTURE DE TOMATE DE SERRE.

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAIRE BOIVIN ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
Natural Irradiance

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’) were seeded at three different dates between 23 Jan. and 17 Feb. 1984. Young tomato plants received the following supplementary lighting treatments: natural light only, and natural irradiance supplemented by 10, 20 or 30 W m−2 (PAR) for a photoperiod of 17 h. Twenty-nine days after the first seeding date, shoot dry weight of plants grown under 10, 20 or 30 W m−2 was, respectively, 311, 378 and 458% of the control. Shoot dry weight of the third seeding was 159, 181 and 207% of the control for the 10-, 20- or 30-W m−2 treatments, respectively. Early yields were increased by 19,4, 31,2 and 42% when tomato transplants received 10, 20 or 30 W m−2. Total yields were not significantly affected by supplementary lighting provided in the nursery period.Key words: Tomato, supplementary light, growth, productivity, HPS, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

INFLUENCE OF IRRADIANCE-PHOTOPERIOD COMBINATION ON TOMATO MINERAL NUTRITION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS TREMBLAY ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

The irradiance-photoperiod combination was modified in an attempt to enhance the mineral uptake of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Marone’). Tomato plants grown in natural light were compared to plants receiving 7.56 × 105 J m−2 d−1 (400–700 nm) of high-pressure sodium (HPS) supplementary light provided at either low irradiance-long photoperiod (LILP) or high irradiance-short photoperiod (HISP). The LILP treatment promoted the greatest uptake of most major ions followed by natural light and HISP-grown plants, respectively. Supplementary lighting increased Mg concentration in the top and affected K concentration within plants differentially depending on the plant part analyzed. Nitrogen concentration in the shoot below the second flower cluster (midsection of top growth) and Ca concentration in the roots varied depending on the combination of irradiance-photoperiod. Phosphorus concentrations were not affected. Iron and Mn uptake tended to be depressed by HPS treatments. The results are consistent with the hypothesis which relates nutrient uptake to nitrate reductase activity (NRA), although NRA was not specifically measured in this experiment.Key words: Tomato, nutrition, high-pressure sodium, supplementary lighting, mineral uptake, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

scholarly journals The response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants to mechanical stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr M. Piszczek ◽  
Marek Jerzy
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Small Doses

Inhibition of the growth of young tomato plants took place under the influence of vibrational stress. The response of the plants was stronger in winter than in summer. The results of the mechanical stress treatment depended on the dosage: small doses of stress given repeatedly slowed down the growth of the transplant much more effectively than larger single doses given every day or every several days. The fresh weight of the shoots decreased under the influence of the stress, as did the dry weight, but to a smaller degree, thus the percentage of dry weight increased. The chlorophyll content in the leaves of plants treated with mechanical stress also increased.

INFLUENCE DE LA CONDUCTIVITÉ ÉLECTRIQUE DE LA SOLUTION NUTRITIVE SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE CULTIVÉE AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉE CHARBONNEAU ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Conductivité Électrique ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’ and ’Carmelo’) were cultivated under different electric conductivities (2, 4 and 6 mS cm−1) of a continuously or intermittently supplied nutrient solution. The plants were grown in an NFT system, with or without supplementary lighting using high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. Raising electric conductivity reduced the shoot dry weight but increased root dry weight. The number of fruit on the first truss and the fruit weight were not affected significantly by electric conductivities. The use of supplementary lighting with an electric conductivity of 6 mS cm−1 increased the number of marketable fruit. High electric conductivity modified the mineral composition of leaf tissue mainly P, Ca and Mg. The vegetative growth was reduced and better yield was obtained with tomato plants grown under supplementary lighting and high electric conductivity.Key words: Tomato, supplementary lighting, nutrient solution, HPS, electric conductivity, salinity

Fate of Fenoxaprop-Ethyl Applied to Moisture-Stressed Smooth Crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank S. Rossi ◽  
Joseph M. Di Tomaso ◽  
Joseph C. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Treated Leaf

Investigations of smooth crabgrass growth and fenoxaprop-ethyl retention, foliar penetration, translocation, and metabolism were conducted at various soil moisture levels using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) semipermeable membrane system. The activity of fenoxapropethyl was significantly reduced at higher levels of moisture stress and this antagonistic effect was greater with increased duration of water deficit following herbicide application. Fenoxaprop-ethyl spray retention decreased linearly (23% total reduction) as soil matric potential (Ψm) decreased from −0.01 to −0.1 MPa. Foliar penetration and translocation of14C-fenoxaprop-ethyl applied on the third true leaf were not affected by level or duration of moisture stress. Only 2% of the absorbed radioactivity was translocated out of the treated leaf for each moisture stress level and duration. As the soil Ψm decreased (−0.01 to −1.0 MPa) the relative levels of fenoxaprop-ethyl increased by 76 and 65% after a 48- and 96-h postapplication moisture stress period, respectively. In contrast, fenoxaprop acid decreased by 59 and 44% after 48 and 96 h of moisture stress, respectively. The relative level of fenoxaprop acid was linearly correlated to the antagonistic effect on shoot dry weight. These results suggest that decreased spray retention and, particularly, alterations in fenoxaprop-ethyl metabolism contribute to reduced fenoxaprop-ethyl activity observed in moisture-stressed smooth crabgrass.

scholarly journals Fate of nitrogen-15 in the subsequent growing season of greenhouse tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by alternate partial root-zone irrigation

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (55) ◽  
pp. 34392-34400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maomao Hou ◽  
Fenglin Zhong ◽  
Qiu Jin ◽  
Enjiang Liu ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation has profound impacts on the crop uptake of residual nitrogen originated from the previous season.

Herbicide Effects on Parasitism of Tomato by Hemp Broomrape

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Saghir ◽  
C. L. Foy ◽  
K. M. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Orobanche Ramosa ◽  
Herbicide Effects

Thirteen soil-incorporated herbicides, mainly of the dinitroaniline and carbamate groups, were evaluated in the greenhouse for selective control of hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosaL.) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Rutgers’). Hemp broomrape readily parasitized tomato roots and competed vigorously with the host. Shoots of the parasite emerged within 6 weeks after inoculation. Herbicides at 0.1 to 10.0 ppmw, with one exception, significantly reduced shoot dry weight of tomato measured at 10 weeks after treatment, in comparison with untreated, noninoculated controls. Generally, the degree of inhibition of establishment of the parasite was correlated with herbicidal injury to tomato. None of the treatments prevented the establishment of the parasite without causing severe crop injury. However,N-n-propyl-N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline (CGA-14397, ER-9063) at 3.3 and 6.6 ppmw exhibited some degree of selectivity as indicated by relative shoot dry weights of the host and parasite. Activated charcoal applied as a root dip on tomato or in soil admixtures prior to transplanting had no effect on parasitism and growth of hemp broomrape.

Tomato Root Uptake of Carfentrazone

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M. Crespo ◽  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Cristiane Alves ◽  
Tyler P. Jacoby ◽  
Rick O. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Herbicide Alternatives

Fresh market tomato is an important and valuable crop in Florida, accounting for 630 million dollars farm-gate value, which was 45% of the total value of the U.S. crop in 2010. In order to maintain or increase its productivity, labeled herbicide alternatives to methyl bromide are important to limiting seed production of weeds emerging between the raised plasticulture beds. A study was conducted inside a greenhouse where carfentrazone was applied as a drench at 0.03125×, 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× and as a subsurface irrigation at 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, and 16× rates. The 1× rate equaled the maximum labeled rate of carfentrazone (35.1 g ai ha−1) that would be applied to an area of 0.360 m2. Both the drench and subsurface trials showed an increase in plant injury and reduced growth as the rate of carfentrazone increased. The drench trial, however, was observed to have higher visible injury and greater growth reduction (based on plant measurement) than the subsurface trial, when comparing similar rates. For the 1× rate of carfentrazone in the drench trial vs. the subsurface trial, injury was 66 and 24.5%, respectively. For the 1× rate the tomato plants had estimated growth, based on the curves fit for the data, of 4.8% vs. 39.9% for the drench and subsurface trials, respectively. The subsurface trial better represents what happens in the field when carfentrazone root uptake injury is observed since it is normally observed to be around 10% or less. This still leaves a level of concern; once a 10% injury level in the subsurface trial was estimated to have reduced tomato growth, fruit weight, and total shoot dry weight by 33, 15, and 9.5%, respectively.

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