Tomato Root Uptake of Carfentrazone

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M. Crespo ◽  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Cristiane Alves ◽  
Tyler P. Jacoby ◽  
Rick O. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Herbicide Alternatives

Fresh market tomato is an important and valuable crop in Florida, accounting for 630 million dollars farm-gate value, which was 45% of the total value of the U.S. crop in 2010. In order to maintain or increase its productivity, labeled herbicide alternatives to methyl bromide are important to limiting seed production of weeds emerging between the raised plasticulture beds. A study was conducted inside a greenhouse where carfentrazone was applied as a drench at 0.03125×, 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× and as a subsurface irrigation at 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, and 16× rates. The 1× rate equaled the maximum labeled rate of carfentrazone (35.1 g ai ha−1) that would be applied to an area of 0.360 m2. Both the drench and subsurface trials showed an increase in plant injury and reduced growth as the rate of carfentrazone increased. The drench trial, however, was observed to have higher visible injury and greater growth reduction (based on plant measurement) than the subsurface trial, when comparing similar rates. For the 1× rate of carfentrazone in the drench trial vs. the subsurface trial, injury was 66 and 24.5%, respectively. For the 1× rate the tomato plants had estimated growth, based on the curves fit for the data, of 4.8% vs. 39.9% for the drench and subsurface trials, respectively. The subsurface trial better represents what happens in the field when carfentrazone root uptake injury is observed since it is normally observed to be around 10% or less. This still leaves a level of concern; once a 10% injury level in the subsurface trial was estimated to have reduced tomato growth, fruit weight, and total shoot dry weight by 33, 15, and 9.5%, respectively.

INFLUENCE DE LA CONDUCTIVITÉ ÉLECTRIQUE DE LA SOLUTION NUTRITIVE SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE CULTIVÉE AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉE CHARBONNEAU ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Conductivité Électrique ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’ and ’Carmelo’) were cultivated under different electric conductivities (2, 4 and 6 mS cm−1) of a continuously or intermittently supplied nutrient solution. The plants were grown in an NFT system, with or without supplementary lighting using high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. Raising electric conductivity reduced the shoot dry weight but increased root dry weight. The number of fruit on the first truss and the fruit weight were not affected significantly by electric conductivities. The use of supplementary lighting with an electric conductivity of 6 mS cm−1 increased the number of marketable fruit. High electric conductivity modified the mineral composition of leaf tissue mainly P, Ca and Mg. The vegetative growth was reduced and better yield was obtained with tomato plants grown under supplementary lighting and high electric conductivity.Key words: Tomato, supplementary lighting, nutrient solution, HPS, electric conductivity, salinity

scholarly journals Grafted eggplant yield, quality and growth in infested soil with Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne incognita

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1673-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebahattin Çürük ◽  
H. Yıldız Dasgan ◽  
Sedat Mansuroğlu ◽  
Şener Kurt ◽  
Meltem Mazmanoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Infestation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of grafting (onto Solanum torvum Sw.) on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of the Pala and Faselis eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars, grown in a soil infested with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Meloidogyne incognita, or in noninfested soil. Soil infestation decreased yield, plant height, final above-ground biomass, and also reduced fruit mean weight and shoot dry weight depending on cultivar or grafting. Grafting decreased fruit oxalic acid and the soluble solid contents, and increased mean fruit weight, depending on cultivar and soil infestation. Grafting also reduced the negative effects of the pathogens on disease index, plant height and shoot dry weight. Cultivar Pala was more vigorous than Faselis, and S. torvum was a vigorous rootstock. The combination of a vigorous rootstock with a weak cultivar (Faselis) is more profitable than that of a vigorous rootstock and a vigorous cultivar (Pala). Using S. torvum as a rootstock for cultivar Faselis, grown in soil infested with the pathogens, is most likely to be useful in conventional and low-input sustainable horticulture, since grafting increases protection against the pathogens, and reduces the losses in quality and yield.

Effects of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Status of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of various barnyardgrass populations on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration of transplanted “Jetstar’ tomato. Barnyardgrass densities at 16, 32, and 64 plants/m tomato row were tested in 1982 and 1983. Barnyardgrass shoot fresh weights/unit area increased as density increased. Fresh weight of barnyardgrass shoots ranged from 17 100 kg/ha at 16 plants/m of row to 35 500 kg/ha at 64 plants/m of row. At the vegetative stage, tomato shoot dry weight was unaffected by barnyardgrass. As crop growth progressed, tomato shoot dry weight decreased at all barnyardgrass densities. Season-long interference of barnyardgrass reduced marketable tomato fruit number and fruit weight at all densities compared to weed-free plots. Reductions in marketable fruit weight ranged from 26% to 16 plants/m row to 84% at 64 plants/m row. In 1982, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in tomato shoots were unaffected by season-long interference of barnyardgrass at all densities. However, in 1983, concentrations of N and K decreased and concentration of P increased in tomato leaves as the density of barnyardgrass increased. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in tomato leaves were unaltered by barnyardgrass density.

scholarly journals Exoskeleton of shrimp to control the nematode nodulator, Meloidogyne incognita, in tomato in the greenhouse

1969 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Julio Lara-Mártez ◽  
Nelia Acosta ◽  
Nydia Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shrimp Shell

A soil amendment of shrimp shell at dosages of 2 and 4% (v/v) applied 25, 30 and 35 days before planting reduced damage to tomatoes caused by Meloidogyne incognita, decreasing root galling and increasing height and dry weight of plants. The 4% dosage applied 30 or 35 days before planting increased shoot dry weight of tomato plants grown on nematode infested soil in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF 18 JALAPENO VARIETIES IN WHOLE PACK AND SAUCE

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 515E-516
Author(s):  
Paul Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Red Peppers ◽  
Fruit Surface

Jalapeños are versatile peppers with both green and mature-red peppers used fresh and in processed products. Peppers can be dried, pickled whole in brine or as salted mash for sauces. Mature fruit can also be smoked and dried to produce chipotle which can be used in several ways including preparation of sauces. Although there are many individual cultivars of jalapeño peppers available, little is known of their processing characteristics. Most food processors still rely on fresh-market supplies rather than contracting specific cultivars which might provide better processing characteristics. A study was begun in Summer 2005 at LSU to provide information concerning the processing characteristics of commonly available jalapeño cultivars. Over a 3-year period, each cultivar will be evaluated in fresh form, as pickled whole fruit, as salted mash and as smoked chipotle. Besides good cultural production qualities, pepper cultivars that will be manufactured into processed products should have 1) acceptable and consistent heat content, 2) good stable color and, 3) consistent/suitable size (for whole pack). Seventeen jalapeño cultivars were evaluated in fresh green, brine-cured green and mature-red state for fruit surface color, average fruit weight, dry weight, and percent seed.

Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arrendell ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.

Physiological Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Fenoxaprop

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick M. Oosterhuis ◽  
Stan D. Wullschleger ◽  
Ron E. Hampton ◽  
Rosalind A. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Spray Droplets

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to elucidate the morphological and physiological responses of rice to postemergence application of fenoxaprop. Two rice cultivars, ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Mars’, and barnyardgrass were treated with 0.17 kg ai ha−1fenoxaprop at the five-leaf stage. Within 2 days of fenoxaprop application, rice cultivars developed a white chlorotic band across leaves that were in direct contact with spray droplets. Leaf elongation rates for the two rice cultivars were inhibited by 40% after 4 days and by over 50% after 14 days. Inhibition of leaf elongation by fenoxaprop contributed to an overall decrease in leaf area and shoot dry weight. Net photosynthesis was reduced by 35% in fenoxaprop-treated plants 11 days after application, although stomatal conductance was not affected. Nitrogen fertilization prior to fenoxaprop application increased foliar injury of both rice cultivars. Visible injury symptoms showed the following order of susceptibility to foliar-applied fenoxaprop: barnyardgrass > Mars rice > Newbonnet rice.

Response of Four Market Classes of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Foramsulfuron, Isoxaflutole, and Isoxaflutole plus Atrazine Applied in Previous Years

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
White Bean

Three field trials were established from 2001 to 2003 in Ontario to determine the effect of foramsulfuron POST (35 and 70 g ai/ha), isoxaflutole PRE (105 and 210 g ai/ha), and isoxaflutole plus atrazine PRE (105 + 1063 and 210 + 2126 g ai/ha) applied in the previous years to field corn on cranberry, black, kidney, and white (navy) bean. Foramsulfuron residues did not cause visible injury, or reductions in shoot dry weight or yield of dry bean 1 yr after application in corn. In contrast, visual injury across the four market classes varied from 4 to 37% 1 yr after application of isoxaflutole, and from 30 to 54% 1 yr after application of isoxaflutole plus atrazine. Isoxaflutole residues reduced shoot dry weight and yield as much as 81 and 44% in cranberry, 52 and 39% in black, 53 and 19% in kidney, and 42 and 19% in white bean, respectively. Isoxaflutole plus atrazine residues reduced shoot dry weight and yield as much as 87 and 64% in cranberry, 75 and 61% in black, 71 and 46% in kidney, and 65 and 33% in white navy bean, respectively. Injury was not detected regardless of market classes 2 yr after application of isoxaflutole alone or in tank mix with atrazine. Based on these results, it is recommended that none of the market classes of dry bean tested in this study should be grown 1 year after an application of isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole plus atrazine. A recropping interval of 2 years is currently recommended following applications of isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole plus atrazine for these market classes of dry bean.

scholarly journals Effects of growth regulators on the quality of tomato fruits

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Ah. A. Suliman ◽  
A. G. Abramov ◽  
A. A. Shalamova
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Active Substances

Relevance and methods. This study aimed to improve fruit set and plant performance to increase tomato productivity by studying the effect of plant growth regulators on tomato plants. A specific experiment has been carried out to study the effect of plant growth regulators Hemo bles active substances (850 g/kg) Humic Acid with applied doses (250, 500 and 700 ppm) and Magictone active substances (5-12.5 g/kg) naphthalene acetic acid and naphthalene acetamide with applied doses (250, 500 and 700 ppm) on growth and physiological characteristics of tomato plants (Big Beef F1). The experimental design was a Complete Randomized Blocks Design. Both Hemo bles and Magictone were applied three times (spraying on plants at 30 DAP, spraying on plants at 60 DAP and spraying on plants 90 DAP).Results. The obtained results showed that, Applying Humic Acid “Ener-850” had the highest significant fruit weight (137 g) during the two seasons. Also using “Magictone” had the highest significant Flowers number (48.1), Fruits Number (35.1), Flower Clusters number in the plant (13.6) and Fruits Number (54.6. while (Humic Acid) improved tomato fruit’s quality during improve Dry weight (75.1 g) of Arial parts, Ascorbic Acid, level of Vitamin C and Carotenoids contents (4.82 mg 100 g-1). The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD test with α = 0.05 with the help of MINITAB (v. 19.0) program.

scholarly journals Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iis Nur Asyiah ◽  
JEKTI PRIHATIN ◽  
Ahda Dwi Hastuti ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Lenny Widjayanthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Prihatin J, Hastuti AD, Winarso S, Widjayanthi L, Nugroho D, Firmansyah K, Pradana AP. 2021. Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3256-3264. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. can infect and cause loss production in various horticultural plants, including tomatoes. In the previous study, we found 3 endophytic bacteria isolates and 1 rhizobacterium isolate that could control several plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we formulated these bionematicide isolates with cheap and environmentally friendly organic materials. The formula was fortified using several organic matters, vitamin sources, protein sources, and sugar sources. The research was conducted in an experimental land with a history of severe root-knot nematode infection. The analysis showed that there were 63.7 J2 Meloidogyne spp. per 100 ml of soil on the experimental land. The application was given at a time interval of 2 weeks at the concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, with a dose of 100 ml per plant. As a negative control, the plant did not give any treatments, and as a positive control, the plant was given 5 g carbofuran per plant. The results revealed that treatment with 2% bionematicide formula concentration showed the best consistent result. This treatment increased canopy wet weight by 38.63% and root dry weight by 106.97% compared to negative control. The P4 treatment was also found effective to increase fruit weight by 33.61% and fruit diameter by 26.16% as compared to negative control. Increased plant growth in P4 treatment was closely related to the total of root-knot suppression and root damage intensity. In the P4 treatment, the total of root-knots and root damage intensities was 44.83% and 32.66%, respectively, compared to the negative control. This suppression also occurred in the nematode population and nematode eggs. In the P4 treatment, the total of Meloidogyne spp. J2 in soil and root was lower by 60.74% and 66.24%, respectively, compared to the negative control. A similar phenomenon also occurred in the total of eggs, which was 79.40% lower than the total of eggs in the negative control. This study provides the latest information about a cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula, which is effective in suppressing Meloidogyne spp. infection in tomato, and promotes the growth and development tomato plant.

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